单轴压缩条件下煤样电荷感应试验研究
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摘要
利用自主研制的电荷感应仪,建立单轴压缩条件下煤岩变形破裂过程电荷感应信号测试系统。通过室内试验,研究同一矿区煤在不同加载速率下的变形破裂过程的电荷感应规律。试验结果表明,煤在变形破裂过程中有电荷感应信号产生,电荷感应信号是瞬时脉冲信号;煤样在临近峰值应力时电荷感应信号最强,在煤样破坏时电荷感应信号也较强;煤样变形破裂过程中不同表面的电荷感应信号强度不同,且不完全同步,较大破裂面的电荷感应信号更强;加载速度越大,所产生的电荷感应信号越强、越丰富;煤样在突然加卸载时,有电荷感应信号产生。煤变形破裂过程产生电荷的主要原因是微破裂导致裂隙尖端电荷分离和摩擦作用。电荷感应信号与煤的破裂有一定关系,可以用电荷感应信号反映煤的变形破裂状态。因此,电荷感应方法可作为检测煤变形破坏过程的新手段,也为评定冲击地压等煤岩动力灾害提供一种新的方法和手段,值得深入研究。
Using the self-developed charge-induced instrument,the experimental system for collecting the charge-induced signal in the process of coal deformation and fracture is set up. The law of charge induction of coal in the same mine during the coal deformation and fracture process is studied under different loading rates in laboratory. The experimental results show that the charge-induced signal is generated during the deformation and fracture process of coal;and the charge-induced signal is the instantaneous pulse. The charge-induced signal strength is the most powerful before the peak stress of coal;and the signal strength is more powerful when coal damages. The charge-induced signals on all surfaces are asynchronous,and their magnitudes are varied. The charge-induced signal strength is more powerful at the larger fracture surface. The greater the loading rate is,the stronger the charge-induced signal strength is. Under sudden loading and unloading,there would generate charge-induced signal with low strength. The main reasons for charge generation in the process of coal deformation and fracture are friction and crack tip charge separation because of micro-rupture. The results suggest that the charge-induced signal is closely related to the deformation and fracture of coal;the status of coal deformation and fracture may be determined by the charge-induced signal. The charge induction method is applicable to studying the exploration of the rock deformation and failure process and predicting catastrophic dynamic phenomena.
Using the self-developed charge-induced instrument,the experimental system for collecting the charge-induced signal in the process of coal deformation and fracture is set up. The law of charge induction of coal in the same mine during the coal deformation and fracture process is studied under different loading rates in laboratory. The experimental results show that the charge-induced signal is generated during the deformation and fracture process of coal;and the charge-induced signal is the instantaneous pulse. The charge-induced signal strength is the most powerful before the peak stress of coal;and the signal strength is more powerful when coal damages. The charge-induced signals on all surfaces are asynchronous,and their magnitudes are varied. The charge-induced signal strength is more powerful at the larger fracture surface. The greater the loading rate is,the stronger the charge-induced signal strength is. Under sudden loading and unloading,there would generate charge-induced signal with low strength. The main reasons for charge generation in the process of coal deformation and fracture are friction and crack tip charge separation because of micro-rupture. The results suggest that the charge-induced signal is closely related to the deformation and fracture of coal;the status of coal deformation and fracture may be determined by the charge-induced signal. The charge induction method is applicable to studying the exploration of the rock deformation and failure process and predicting catastrophic dynamic phenomena.
引文
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[14]郝锦绮,刘力强,龙海丽,等.双轴压力下岩样自电位变化试验的新结果[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):475–482.(HAO Jinqi,LIU Liqiang,LONG Haili,et al.New result of the experiment on self-potential change of rocks under biaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(3):475–482.(in Chinese))
[15]郝锦绮,钱书清,高金田,等.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常[J].地震学报,2003,25(1):102–111.(HAO Jinqi,QIAN Shuqing,GAO Jintian,et al.ULF electric and magnetic anomalies accompanying the cracking of rock sample[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2003,25(1):102–111.(in Chinese))
[16]赵扬锋,潘一山.单轴压缩下花岗岩电磁信号的试验研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2009,20(3):132–137,141.(ZHAO Yangfeng,PAN Yishan.Study on the charge and magnetic signal of granite samples under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2009,20(3):132–137,141.(in Chinese))
[17]赵扬锋,潘一山,李国臻,等.岩石变形破裂过程中电荷感应信号的检测[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(3):252–256.(ZHAO Yangfeng,PAN Yishan,LI Guozhen,et al.Measuring of the charge-induced signal of rock during the deformation and fracture process[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(3):252–256.(in Chinese))
[18]何学秋,王恩元,聂百胜,等.煤岩流变电磁动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.(HE Xueqiu,WANG Enyuan,NIE Baisheng,et al.Electromagnetic dynamics of coal or rock rheology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[2]潘一山,赵扬锋,马瑾.中国矿震受区域应力场影响的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2847–2853.(PAN Yishan,ZHAO Yangfeng,MA Jin.Discussion on rockburst influenced by regional stress field in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2847–2853.(in Chinese))
[3]郭自强,郭子棋,钱书清,等.岩石破裂中的电声效应[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(1):74–83.(GUO Ziqiang,GUO Ziqi,QIAN Shuqing,et al.Electro-acoustic effect in rock fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1999,42(1):74–83.(in Chinese))
[4]KILKEEV R S.力荷载下的岩石电场[C]//徐玉凤译.苏联地震预报研究文集.北京:地震出版社,1993:31–34.(KILKEEV R S.Electric field strength of rock under the load[C]//Translated by XU Yufeng.Proceedings of Soviet Union Earthquake Prediction Research.Beijing:Seismological Press,1993:31–34.(in Chinese))
[5]KUKSENKO V S,MAKHMUDOV K F.Mechanically-induced electrical effects in natural dielectrics[J].Technical Physics Letters,1997,23(2):126–127.
[6]KUKSENKO V S,MAKHMUDOV K F,PONOMAREV A V.Relaxation of electric fields induced by mechanical loading in natural dielectrics[J].Physics of the Solid State,1997,39(7):1065–1066.
[7]郭自强,周大庄,施行觉,等.岩石破裂中的电子发射[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(5):566–571.(GUO Ziqiang,ZHOU Dazhuang,SHI Xingjue,et al.Electron emission during rock fracture[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1988,31(5):566–571.(in Chinese))
[8]郭自强,刘斌.岩石破裂电磁辐射的频率特性[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(2):221–226.(GUO Ziqiang,LIU Bin.Frequency properties of electromagnetic emission associated with microscopic cracking in rocks[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1995,38(2):221–226.(in Chinese))
[9]孙正江,王丽华,高宏.岩石标本破裂时的电磁辐射和光发射[J].地球物理学报,1986,29(5):491–495.(SUN Zhengjiang,WANG Lihua,GAO Hong.Electromagnetic emission and light radiation during fracture of rock samples[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1986,29(5):491–495.(in Chinese))
[10]王丽华,孙正江,陈化然.岩石样品破裂时带电现象的研究[C]//八十年代中国地球物理学进展.北京:学术书刊出版社,1989:204–209.(WANG Lihua,SUN Zhengjiang,CHEN Huaran.A research on electrification during rock fracturing[C]//Geophysics Advance in China in the Eighties.Beijing:Academic Books and Periodicals Press,1989:204–209.(in Chinese))
[11]朱元清,罗祥麟,郭自强,等.岩石破裂时电磁辐射的机制研究[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(5):594–601.(ZHU Yuanqing,LUO Xianglin,GUO Ziqiang,et al.A study of mechanism on electromagnetic emission associated with rock fracture[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1991,34(5):594–601.(in Chinese))
[12]吴小平,施行觉,郭自强.花岗岩压缩带电的试验研究[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(2):208–211.(WU Xiaoping,SHI Xingjue,GUO Ziqiang.Study of the electrification of granite samples under compression[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1990,33(2):208–211.(in Chinese))
[13]王继军,赵国泽,詹艳,等.中国地震电磁现象的岩石试验研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(2):22–28.(WANG Jijun,ZHAO Guoze,ZHAN Yan,et al.Rock experiments for research on seismic electromagnetic phenomena in China[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2005,25(2):22–28.(in Chinese))
[14]郝锦绮,刘力强,龙海丽,等.双轴压力下岩样自电位变化试验的新结果[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):475–482.(HAO Jinqi,LIU Liqiang,LONG Haili,et al.New result of the experiment on self-potential change of rocks under biaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(3):475–482.(in Chinese))
[15]郝锦绮,钱书清,高金田,等.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常[J].地震学报,2003,25(1):102–111.(HAO Jinqi,QIAN Shuqing,GAO Jintian,et al.ULF electric and magnetic anomalies accompanying the cracking of rock sample[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2003,25(1):102–111.(in Chinese))
[16]赵扬锋,潘一山.单轴压缩下花岗岩电磁信号的试验研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2009,20(3):132–137,141.(ZHAO Yangfeng,PAN Yishan.Study on the charge and magnetic signal of granite samples under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2009,20(3):132–137,141.(in Chinese))
[17]赵扬锋,潘一山,李国臻,等.岩石变形破裂过程中电荷感应信号的检测[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(3):252–256.(ZHAO Yangfeng,PAN Yishan,LI Guozhen,et al.Measuring of the charge-induced signal of rock during the deformation and fracture process[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(3):252–256.(in Chinese))
[18]何学秋,王恩元,聂百胜,等.煤岩流变电磁动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.(HE Xueqiu,WANG Enyuan,NIE Baisheng,et al.Electromagnetic dynamics of coal or rock rheology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese))
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