三维过渡带地震勘探采集设计难点与对策
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摘要
具有多种地表特征的复杂过渡带是三维地震勘探野外采集设计的难点。以沙特BERRI复杂三维过渡带的地震勘探项目为例,将理论条件下布设的炮检分布图加载到遥感数据底图上,根据卫星图片上的地形和障碍物将炮点、检波点偏移到可实施的空白区,再根据地表特点的变化反复调整不同施工阶段的设计。对于海陆过渡带边界区的炮点设计,在测得水深的基础上重新划分海陆观测系统边界,对于陆地,每条炮线可以得到一个最大炮点桩号,将其加1就是海上观测系统的起始炮点;对于海上,又根据水域施工条件采用变气枪大小和变观系统进行设计。上述设计确保了地震勘探施工的效率和地震资料的品质。
The difficulty of the three-dimensional seismic acquisition lies in the multiple surficial phenomenon in the complex intermediate zone.The seismic project of a complex three-dimensional intermediate zone of BERRT in Saudi Arabia as an example,the theoretical distribution of shotpoint and receiver was loaded to the chart of remotely sensed data.The shotpoint and receiver could be offset to the executable unmapping area based on the geography and obstruction in the satellite image.Afterwards,the design of various installation phase was regulated in accordance with the terrain surface.To design the shotpoint in the sea-land transitional zone,the layout boundary was rearranged according to the measured water depth.While for the continent,the start point of the marine layout is obtained by adding one to the maximum shotpoint in every shot.As to the offshore,the design changes with the construction condition and the size of the air gun.
The difficulty of the three-dimensional seismic acquisition lies in the multiple surficial phenomenon in the complex intermediate zone.The seismic project of a complex three-dimensional intermediate zone of BERRT in Saudi Arabia as an example,the theoretical distribution of shotpoint and receiver was loaded to the chart of remotely sensed data.The shotpoint and receiver could be offset to the executable unmapping area based on the geography and obstruction in the satellite image.Afterwards,the design of various installation phase was regulated in accordance with the terrain surface.To design the shotpoint in the sea-land transitional zone,the layout boundary was rearranged according to the measured water depth.While for the continent,the start point of the marine layout is obtained by adding one to the maximum shotpoint in every shot.As to the offshore,the design changes with the construction condition and the size of the air gun.
引文
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[7]全海燕,刘仁武,何文华,等.浅海过渡带地区气枪阵列的设计与优化[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):371-374.
[8]王永刚.过渡带地震勘探的对策分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(增刊):122-125.
[9]王正学.苏丹探区沼泽过渡带地震采集技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[10]冯铁军.卫星遥感技术在石油勘探中的应用[J].江苏测绘,2002,25(1):36-37.
[11]蔡加铭,刘永红,曹孟起,等.兴隆台城区三维炮点偏移校正技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):200-203.
[12]吕公河,邸志欣,朱伟强,等.滩海浅层三维地震勘探技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):613-622.
[2]Riley D,Fleming M,Delvaux J.加蓬Gentil港湾内及周围陆地和过渡带三维地震勘探的一个史例研究[C]∥佚名.美国勘探地球物理学家学会第63届年会.高章伟,译.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1993:271-273.
[3]冯凯,和冠慧.一种优化的过渡带三维观测系统[J].石油物探,2008,47(5):511-518.
[4]岳英,薛广建.滩海过渡带地震采集处理技术及应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):209-212.
[5]印峰.水陆过渡带改进地震施工方法初探[J].上海地质,2008,107:8-10.
[6]刘小明,芮建民,朱峰.浅水及水陆过渡带地震勘探采集技术[J].江汉石油学院学报,2003,25(增刊下):61,75.
[7]全海燕,刘仁武,何文华,等.浅海过渡带地区气枪阵列的设计与优化[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(4):371-374.
[8]王永刚.过渡带地震勘探的对策分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(增刊):122-125.
[9]王正学.苏丹探区沼泽过渡带地震采集技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[10]冯铁军.卫星遥感技术在石油勘探中的应用[J].江苏测绘,2002,25(1):36-37.
[11]蔡加铭,刘永红,曹孟起,等.兴隆台城区三维炮点偏移校正技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):200-203.
[12]吕公河,邸志欣,朱伟强,等.滩海浅层三维地震勘探技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):613-622.
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