重力场动态变化与汶川M_s8.0地震孕育过程
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摘要
基于中国大陆1998-2007年(复测周期2-3年)流动重力观测数据,结合GPS、水准观测成果和区域地质构造动力环境,分析研究了汶川8.0级地震区域重力场动态变化演化特征和孕震机理.结果表明:区域重力场动态演化大体反映了青藏高原物质东流的动态效应和汶川大震孕育的中长期(2-10年)信息;汶川大震孕育的显著重力标志为震中西南持续多年的正重力变化(上升)和出现较大规模的重力变化梯级带,前者有利于地震能量的不断积累,后者有利于地震剪切破裂的发生;与地震孕育相关重力场变化总体呈增大—加速增大—减速增大—发震的过程;8年累积重力变化幅差最大约200×10~(-8)m·s~(-2);2001年昆仑山口8.1级地震孕育发生和震后恢复调整,对区域重力场动态变化和汶川大震的孕育发展具有重要影响;松潘—甘孜块体一般呈现负重力变化,可能反映深部壳幔局部上隆、壳内温度较高而膨胀,有利于逆冲或推覆体运动的形成和大震的发生.
Based on the gravity observations from 1998 to 2007 of China mainland which repeated every 2-3 years, and considering the GPS and leveling measurements and the regional environment of tectonics and geodynamics, we analyze the characteristics of regional dynamic gravity field evolution and the preparation mechanics of the Wenchuan M_s 8. 0 earthquake in 2008. The result shows that variations of the regional gravity field reflect the dynamic effect of eastward flow of the Tibetan plateau and the preparation information of mid-and-long term, that is 2 to 10 years, of the Wenchuan earthquake. The obvious gravity indicators related to the Wenchuan earthquake preparation are the positive gravity changes in southwest of epicenter which lasted many years, which is in favor of the continuous accumulation of seismic energy, and the relatively large-scale gradient zone of gravity changes, which is in favor of occurrence of seismic rupture. The gravity change process associated with the earthquake preparation is increasing, accelerated increasing and decelerated increasing followed by the occurrence of the earthquake. The total gravity change accumulated over 8 years may come up to 200×10~(-8)m • s~(-2). The preparation and occurrence of the Kunlunshan M_s 8. 1 earthquake in 2001 and the adjustment after this earthquake significantly affected the regional dynamic gravity changes and the preparation of the Wenchuan earthquake. The gravity change in the Songpan-Garze block is negative, which may reflects the local uplift of deep crust-mantle and the crust expansion that resulted from the relatively high temperature inside, which might promote the thrust or nappe movement and the occurrence of the large earthquake.
Based on the gravity observations from 1998 to 2007 of China mainland which repeated every 2-3 years, and considering the GPS and leveling measurements and the regional environment of tectonics and geodynamics, we analyze the characteristics of regional dynamic gravity field evolution and the preparation mechanics of the Wenchuan M_s 8. 0 earthquake in 2008. The result shows that variations of the regional gravity field reflect the dynamic effect of eastward flow of the Tibetan plateau and the preparation information of mid-and-long term, that is 2 to 10 years, of the Wenchuan earthquake. The obvious gravity indicators related to the Wenchuan earthquake preparation are the positive gravity changes in southwest of epicenter which lasted many years, which is in favor of the continuous accumulation of seismic energy, and the relatively large-scale gradient zone of gravity changes, which is in favor of occurrence of seismic rupture. The gravity change process associated with the earthquake preparation is increasing, accelerated increasing and decelerated increasing followed by the occurrence of the earthquake. The total gravity change accumulated over 8 years may come up to 200×10~(-8)m • s~(-2). The preparation and occurrence of the Kunlunshan M_s 8. 1 earthquake in 2001 and the adjustment after this earthquake significantly affected the regional dynamic gravity changes and the preparation of the Wenchuan earthquake. The gravity change in the Songpan-Garze block is negative, which may reflects the local uplift of deep crust-mantle and the crust expansion that resulted from the relatively high temperature inside, which might promote the thrust or nappe movement and the occurrence of the large earthquake.
引文
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[4] 申重阳.地壳形变与密度变化耦合运动探析.大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25(3) :7-12 Shen C Y. Preliminary analysis of coupling movement between crustal deformation and density change. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese) ,2005,25(3) :7-12
[5] 申重阳,李辉.研究现今地壳运动和强震机理的一种方法.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :49-56 Shen C Y, Li H. A method of analyzing the present crustal movement and the mechanism of strong shocks. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese), 2007,22(1) :49-56
[6] Fujii Y. Gravity changes in the shock area of the Niigata earthquake,16 June 1964． Zisin, 1966,19(3) :200-216
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[12] 李瑞浩,黄建梁,李辉等.唐山地震前后区域重力场变化机制.地震学报,1997,19(4) :399-407 Li R H, Huang J L, Li H,et al. . The mechanism of regional gravity changes before and after the Tangshan earthquake. Ada Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) , 1997,19(4) :399-407
[13] 吴国华,罗增雄,赖群.丽江7． 0级地震前后滇西实验场的重力异常变化特征.地震研究,1997,20(1) :101-107 Wu G H, Luo Z X, Lai Q. The variation characteristics of gravity anomaly in the earthquake prediction test site in western Yunnan before and after the M7． 0 Lijiang earthquake. Journal of Seismological Research (in Chinese) , 1997,20(1) :101-107
[14] Nur A. The Matsushiro earthquake swarm: a confirmation of the dilatancy-fluid flow model. Geology, 1974,2:217-221
[15] Okubo S. Gravity and potential changes due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. J. Geophys. Res. , 1992, 97; 7137-7144
[16] 申重阳,李辉,付广裕.丽江7． 0级地震重力前兆模式研究.地震学报,2003,25(2) :163-171 Shen C Y, Li H, Fu G Y. Study on a gravity precursor mode of the M_s7． 0 Lijiang earthquake. Acta Seismologica Sinica , 2003,16(2) :175-184
[17] 李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L等.青藏高原东缘龙门山晚新生代走滑-逆冲作用的地貌标志.第四纪研究,2006,26(1) :40-51 Li Y, Zhou R J, Densmore A L, et al. Geomorphic evidence for the late Cenozoic strike-slipping and thrusting in Longmen Mountain at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Quaternary Sciences (in Chinese), 2006,26(1) : 40-51
[18] 张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽等.2008年汶川8． 0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因.地球物理学报,2008,5(4) :1066-1073 Zhang P Z, Xu X W, Wen X Z, et al. Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone, and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, Sichuan, China. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008,51(4) :1066-1073
[19] 滕吉文,白登海,杨辉等.2008汶川M_s8． 0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应.地球物理学报,2008,51(5) :1385-1402 Teng J W, Bai D H, Yang H, et al. Deep processes and dynamic responses associated with the Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake of 2008． Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008,51(5) :1385-1402
[20] 朱守彪,张培震.2008年汶川M_s8． 0地震发生过程的动力学机制研究.地球物理学报,2009． 52(2) :418-427 Zhu S B, Zhang P Z. A study on the dynamical mechanisms of the Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquke, 2008． Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) , 2009,52(2) :418-427
[21] Tapponnier P, Molnar P. Active faulting and tectonics in China. J. Geophys. Res, 1977,82:2905
[22] 中国岩石圈动力学图集编委会.中国岩石圈动力学概论.北京:地震出版社,1991 China Lithosphere Dynamics Atlas Compilation Committee. China lithosphere dynamics outline. Beijing:Seismological Press, 1991
[23] 邓起东,陈社发,赵小麟.龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学.地震地质,1994,16(4) :389-403 Deng Q D, Chen S F, Zhao X L. Tectonics, seismicity and dynamics of Longmenshan Mountains and its adjacent regions. Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 1994,16(4) : 389-403
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