极浅水域地震采集气枪震源设计与应用
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摘要
通常对侧吊式气枪来说,很难设计出正方形的气枪阵列,其方向性属性也较难确定。此外,由于近岸水深较浅且水深变化较大,部分水域的水深可能达不到气枪气泡完全释放所需半径大小,从而影响气枪震源激发的实际效果。本文基于自由气泡震荡理论和气枪与气枪阵列理论,介绍了在设计极浅水域气枪震源时如何尽可能地避免上述不利因素,提高气枪震源信号的稳定性和一致性;基于远场子波合成原理,利用监控、记录气枪震源所有单枪或组合枪的近场子波,计算出实际的远场子波,用于确定性反褶积处理,可以进一步消除浅水气枪的非一致性,提高地震资料品质。
Generally for side hung airgun,it is difficult to design the square airgun array,and its directivity attribute is also hard to be determined.As the water is shallow and water depth changes greatly in the nearshore area,and the water depth in some area may be less than the size of the radius which is needed when the airgun bubble fully releases,so the actual effect of the airgun excitation may be affected.Based on free bubbles vibration theory,as well as the airgun and airgun array theory,how to avoid the unfavorable factors above in designing the airgun,and how to raise the stability and consistence of the airgun source signal were introduced in this paper.Based on the far-field wavelet synthetic principle and by monitoring and recording the near-field wavelets of all single airgun and airgun array,the actual far-field wavelet was calculated and used in deterministic deconvolution processing,as a result the non-consistence for shallow water airgun could be further removed,and the data quality in seismic acquisition was greatly improved.
Generally for side hung airgun,it is difficult to design the square airgun array,and its directivity attribute is also hard to be determined.As the water is shallow and water depth changes greatly in the nearshore area,and the water depth in some area may be less than the size of the radius which is needed when the airgun bubble fully releases,so the actual effect of the airgun excitation may be affected.Based on free bubbles vibration theory,as well as the airgun and airgun array theory,how to avoid the unfavorable factors above in designing the airgun,and how to raise the stability and consistence of the airgun source signal were introduced in this paper.Based on the far-field wavelet synthetic principle and by monitoring and recording the near-field wavelets of all single airgun and airgun array,the actual far-field wavelet was calculated and used in deterministic deconvolution processing,as a result the non-consistence for shallow water airgun could be further removed,and the data quality in seismic acquisition was greatly improved.
引文
[1]Keller J B and Kolodner I I.Damping of underwater explosion bubble oscillations.Journal of Applied Physics,1956,27:1152～1162
[2]Bill Dragoset.Introduction to air guns and air-gun ar-rays.The Leading Edge,2000,19(8):892～897
[3]Ziolkowski Aet al.The signature of an air-gun array:computation from near-field measurements including interactions.Geophysics,1982,47(10):1413～1421
[4]Parkes G E et al.The signature of an air-gun array:computation from near-field measurements including interactions-Practical considerations.Geophysics,1984,49(10):105～111
[5]杨怀春等.海洋地震勘探中空气枪震源激发特性研究.石油物探,2004,43(3):323～326
[6]翟鲁飞.论地震生产中气枪震源的沉放深度.石油天然气学报,2006,28(4)
[2]Bill Dragoset.Introduction to air guns and air-gun ar-rays.The Leading Edge,2000,19(8):892～897
[3]Ziolkowski Aet al.The signature of an air-gun array:computation from near-field measurements including interactions.Geophysics,1982,47(10):1413～1421
[4]Parkes G E et al.The signature of an air-gun array:computation from near-field measurements including interactions-Practical considerations.Geophysics,1984,49(10):105～111
[5]杨怀春等.海洋地震勘探中空气枪震源激发特性研究.石油物探,2004,43(3):323～326
[6]翟鲁飞.论地震生产中气枪震源的沉放深度.石油天然气学报,2006,28(4)
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