渤海海域晚更新世—全新世的活动构造
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摘要
利用在渤海最新获得的约5 000 km的浅层地震资料,发现在渤海海域发育大量晚更新世—全新世断裂和褶皱,进而对其分布、浅层结构、运动学性质和活动性进行了研究,绘制了渤海海域活动断裂分布图。研究结果表明:渤海晚更新世—全新世活动断裂主要走向为北北东向、北西向和近东西向,东西向断裂数量最多;断裂的形成受区域应力场和早期断裂的控制,而褶皱则以背斜居多,通常沿早期断裂带发育;就分布密度而言,辽东湾内断裂密度远小于其他海域,而同一构造单元其边界部位断裂密度大于单元内部;具继承性发展的断裂多具有复杂的破裂结构,破裂带剖面上呈耙形或"Y"字型,晚更新世沉积层变形明显;受断裂错动地层的形成时代表明,多数断裂的最新活动发生在晚更新世中期-晚期,部分断裂在全新世发生过活动;多数断裂具有明显正断拉张作用,而郯庐断裂带和张家口-蓬莱断裂带内次级断裂还可能具走向滑移分量;渤海浅层断裂的活动性与现代地震震中的分布具有较好的相关性,这对于渤海地震危险性评价具有重要意义。
By using 5 000 km long shallow penetrated seismic data collected in recent years in the Bohai Sea,many active faults and folds were found in Late Pleistocene—Holocene unconsolidated sediments.The distribution map of active faults is plotted.Further,their distribution,shallow structures,kinematics and activities are discussed in detail.The research results show that strikes of active faults express three predominant directions: NNE,E-W and NW.The quantity of faults with an E-W-trending is the most.Fault forming is controlled by regional tectonic stress and the former faults.Most of folds are anticlines and develop along the former faults.The distribution density of active faults in the Liaodong Gulf is smaller than in other sea area.In a same structural unit,more faults developed in the boundary zone than in its inner zone.The inherited fault is usually characterized by complex fracture zone where sedimentary sequences are deformed.Fracture zones usually exhibit rake-shaped or Y-shaped on the section.The formation age of sedimentary sequences offset by faults shows that the latest tectonic movement event of most faults occurs during the middle or the end of the Late Pleistocene and parts of faults are active during the Holocene.Most of faults are dominated by the normal component,but subfaults in the Tan-Lu fault zone and the Zhangjiakou—Penglai fault zone may be with some strike-slip component besides the normal component.Activities of shallow faults in the Bohai Sea have a good correlation with the earthquake epicenter,which is valuable for seismic risk assessment.
By using 5 000 km long shallow penetrated seismic data collected in recent years in the Bohai Sea,many active faults and folds were found in Late Pleistocene—Holocene unconsolidated sediments.The distribution map of active faults is plotted.Further,their distribution,shallow structures,kinematics and activities are discussed in detail.The research results show that strikes of active faults express three predominant directions: NNE,E-W and NW.The quantity of faults with an E-W-trending is the most.Fault forming is controlled by regional tectonic stress and the former faults.Most of folds are anticlines and develop along the former faults.The distribution density of active faults in the Liaodong Gulf is smaller than in other sea area.In a same structural unit,more faults developed in the boundary zone than in its inner zone.The inherited fault is usually characterized by complex fracture zone where sedimentary sequences are deformed.Fracture zones usually exhibit rake-shaped or Y-shaped on the section.The formation age of sedimentary sequences offset by faults shows that the latest tectonic movement event of most faults occurs during the middle or the end of the Late Pleistocene and parts of faults are active during the Holocene.Most of faults are dominated by the normal component,but subfaults in the Tan-Lu fault zone and the Zhangjiakou—Penglai fault zone may be with some strike-slip component besides the normal component.Activities of shallow faults in the Bohai Sea have a good correlation with the earthquake epicenter,which is valuable for seismic risk assessment.
引文
[1]环文林,汪素云,常向东,等.渤海地震活动特征[J].地震研究,1989,12(1):1—9.
[2]徐杰,高战武,宋长青,等.营口-潍坊断裂带新生代活动特征[J].地震地质,1999,21(4):289—300.
[3]邓起东.中国活动构造图(1/400万)[M].北京:地震出版社,2007.
[4]顾功叙.中国地震目录[W].北京:科学出版社.1980:856—857.
[5]李德生.渤海湾含油气盆地的地质和构造特征[J].石油学报,1980,1(1):7—20.
[6]赵重远.渤海湾盆地的构造格局及其演化[J].石油学报,1984,5(1):1—18.
[7]田在艺,韩屏.渤海湾盆地构造变形分析及其拗陷机制[J].河北地质学院学报,1991,14(1):1—18.
[8]漆家福,陈发景.下辽河—辽东湾新生代裂陷盆地的构造解析[M].北京:地质出版社,1995:1—152.
[9]陆克政,漆家福,戴俊生,等.渤海湾新生代含油气盆地构造模式[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:72—232.
[10]ALLEN MB,MacDONALDI M,ZHAO X,et al.Early Cenozoic two phase-extension andlate Cenozoic thermal subsidence andinver-sion of the Bohai Basin,northern China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1997,14:951—972.
[11]戴俊生,陆克政,漆家福,等.渤海湾盆地早第三纪构造样式的演化[J].石油学报,1998,19(4):16—20.
[12]池英柳,赵文智.渤海湾盆地新生代走滑构造与油气聚集[J].石油学报,2000,21(2):14—20.
[13]邓起东,闽伟,晁洪太,等.渤海地区新生代构造与地震活动[M]∥卢演俦.新构造与环境.北京:地震出版社,2001:218—233.
[14]YANG Y T,XU T G.Hydrocarbon habitat of the offshore Bohai Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21:691—708.
[15]漆家福,邓荣敬,周心怀,等.渤海海域新生代盆地中的郯庐断裂带构造[J].中国科学:D,2008,38(增刊1):19—29.
[16]胡政,丁东.渤海地震震中附近地区浅层地质构造特征[J].地震学刊,1990,3:26—32.
[17]王志才,邓起东,杜宪宋,等.莱州湾海域郯庐断裂带活断层探测[J].地震学报,2006,28(5):493—501.
[18]李西双,刘保华,赵月霞,等.张家口—蓬莱断裂带渤海段晚第四纪活动特征[J].海洋科学进展,2009,27(3):332—339.
[19]YE H,ZHANG B T,MAO F Y.The Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the great North China:two types of rifting and crustal neckinginthe great North China and their tectonic i mplications[J].Tectonophysics,1987,133:217—227.
[20]刘光夏,赵文俊,任文菊.渤海地壳厚度研究[J].物探与化探,1996,20(4):316—319.
[21]卢造勋,蒋秀琴,白云,等.胶辽渤海地区地壳上地幔结构特征与介质的横向非均匀性[J].华北地震科学,1999,17(2):43—51.
[22]沿海大陆架及毗邻海域油气区石油地质编写组.中国石油地质志[K],卷16.北京:石油工业出版社,1990:3—330.
[23]MA X Y,DENG Q D,WANG YP,et al.Cenozoic graben systemsin North China[J].Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie,1982,42:99—116.
[24]LI U G D.The Cenozoic systemof the North China Plain and the deepinternal process[J].Tectonophysics,1987,133:277—285.
[25]李三忠,周立宏,刘建忠,等.华北板块东部新生代断裂构造特征与盆地成因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(3):57—64.
[26]蔡东升,罗毓晖,武文来,等.渤海浅层构造变形特征、成因机理与渤中坳陷及其周围油气富集的关系[J].中国海上油气:地质,2001,15(1):35—42.
[27]龚再升.中国近海盆地晚期断裂活动和油气成藏[J].中国石油勘探,2004,9(2):12—19.
[28]高祥林.渤海中部郯庐断裂带的近期活动与渤海新近纪新生断裂[J].地质科学,2006,41(2):355—364.
[29]庄振业,许卫东,刘东生,等.渤海南部S3孔晚第四纪海相地层的划分及环境演变[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(2):27—35.
[30]QI N Y S,ZHAO Y Y,CHEN L R,et al.Geology of Bohai Sea[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1990:293—350.
[31]邓起东.张家口—蓬莱断裂带[G]//赵国敏.天津市防震减灾30年纪念论文集.北京:地震出版社,2006:23—29.
[32]周翠英,周焕鹏,李人杰.渤海及其周围地区现代构造应力场特征[J].地震学刊,1990(3):18—25.
[33]陈国光,徐杰,马宗晋,等.渤海盆地现代构造应力场与强震活动[J].地震学报,2004,26(4):396—402.
[34]龚再升,王国纯,贺清.上第三系是渤中坳陷及其周围油气勘探的主要领域[J].中国海上油气:地质,2000,14(3):145—156.
[35]董瑞树,蒋秀琴.渤海周围地区地震震源机制解和应力场特征[J].东北地震研究,1986,2(1):55—62.
[36]李延兴,徐杰,张静华,等.渤海盆地及邻区现今构造运动的基本特征[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(6):1—7.
[37]许忠淮,阎明,赵仲和.由多个小地震推断的华北地区构造应力场的方向[J].地震学报,1983,5(3):268—279.
[38]梁海华,刘树文,侯建军,等.华北地区深、浅部应力状态的差异及其成因研究[J].中国地震,1999,15(4):69—76.
[39]冯向东,魏东平,陈棋福.基于观测应力场的大华北地区动力学机制探讨[J].地震学报,2005,27(1):1—10.
[40]刘峡,傅容珊,杨国华,等.用GPS资料研究华北地区形变场和构造应力场[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(3):34—38.
[41]王志才,邓起东,晁洪太,等.山东半岛北部近海海域北西向蓬莱—威海断裂带的声波探测[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1092—1101.
[2]徐杰,高战武,宋长青,等.营口-潍坊断裂带新生代活动特征[J].地震地质,1999,21(4):289—300.
[3]邓起东.中国活动构造图(1/400万)[M].北京:地震出版社,2007.
[4]顾功叙.中国地震目录[W].北京:科学出版社.1980:856—857.
[5]李德生.渤海湾含油气盆地的地质和构造特征[J].石油学报,1980,1(1):7—20.
[6]赵重远.渤海湾盆地的构造格局及其演化[J].石油学报,1984,5(1):1—18.
[7]田在艺,韩屏.渤海湾盆地构造变形分析及其拗陷机制[J].河北地质学院学报,1991,14(1):1—18.
[8]漆家福,陈发景.下辽河—辽东湾新生代裂陷盆地的构造解析[M].北京:地质出版社,1995:1—152.
[9]陆克政,漆家福,戴俊生,等.渤海湾新生代含油气盆地构造模式[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:72—232.
[10]ALLEN MB,MacDONALDI M,ZHAO X,et al.Early Cenozoic two phase-extension andlate Cenozoic thermal subsidence andinver-sion of the Bohai Basin,northern China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1997,14:951—972.
[11]戴俊生,陆克政,漆家福,等.渤海湾盆地早第三纪构造样式的演化[J].石油学报,1998,19(4):16—20.
[12]池英柳,赵文智.渤海湾盆地新生代走滑构造与油气聚集[J].石油学报,2000,21(2):14—20.
[13]邓起东,闽伟,晁洪太,等.渤海地区新生代构造与地震活动[M]∥卢演俦.新构造与环境.北京:地震出版社,2001:218—233.
[14]YANG Y T,XU T G.Hydrocarbon habitat of the offshore Bohai Basin,China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21:691—708.
[15]漆家福,邓荣敬,周心怀,等.渤海海域新生代盆地中的郯庐断裂带构造[J].中国科学:D,2008,38(增刊1):19—29.
[16]胡政,丁东.渤海地震震中附近地区浅层地质构造特征[J].地震学刊,1990,3:26—32.
[17]王志才,邓起东,杜宪宋,等.莱州湾海域郯庐断裂带活断层探测[J].地震学报,2006,28(5):493—501.
[18]李西双,刘保华,赵月霞,等.张家口—蓬莱断裂带渤海段晚第四纪活动特征[J].海洋科学进展,2009,27(3):332—339.
[19]YE H,ZHANG B T,MAO F Y.The Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the great North China:two types of rifting and crustal neckinginthe great North China and their tectonic i mplications[J].Tectonophysics,1987,133:217—227.
[20]刘光夏,赵文俊,任文菊.渤海地壳厚度研究[J].物探与化探,1996,20(4):316—319.
[21]卢造勋,蒋秀琴,白云,等.胶辽渤海地区地壳上地幔结构特征与介质的横向非均匀性[J].华北地震科学,1999,17(2):43—51.
[22]沿海大陆架及毗邻海域油气区石油地质编写组.中国石油地质志[K],卷16.北京:石油工业出版社,1990:3—330.
[23]MA X Y,DENG Q D,WANG YP,et al.Cenozoic graben systemsin North China[J].Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie,1982,42:99—116.
[24]LI U G D.The Cenozoic systemof the North China Plain and the deepinternal process[J].Tectonophysics,1987,133:277—285.
[25]李三忠,周立宏,刘建忠,等.华北板块东部新生代断裂构造特征与盆地成因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(3):57—64.
[26]蔡东升,罗毓晖,武文来,等.渤海浅层构造变形特征、成因机理与渤中坳陷及其周围油气富集的关系[J].中国海上油气:地质,2001,15(1):35—42.
[27]龚再升.中国近海盆地晚期断裂活动和油气成藏[J].中国石油勘探,2004,9(2):12—19.
[28]高祥林.渤海中部郯庐断裂带的近期活动与渤海新近纪新生断裂[J].地质科学,2006,41(2):355—364.
[29]庄振业,许卫东,刘东生,等.渤海南部S3孔晚第四纪海相地层的划分及环境演变[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(2):27—35.
[30]QI N Y S,ZHAO Y Y,CHEN L R,et al.Geology of Bohai Sea[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,1990:293—350.
[31]邓起东.张家口—蓬莱断裂带[G]//赵国敏.天津市防震减灾30年纪念论文集.北京:地震出版社,2006:23—29.
[32]周翠英,周焕鹏,李人杰.渤海及其周围地区现代构造应力场特征[J].地震学刊,1990(3):18—25.
[33]陈国光,徐杰,马宗晋,等.渤海盆地现代构造应力场与强震活动[J].地震学报,2004,26(4):396—402.
[34]龚再升,王国纯,贺清.上第三系是渤中坳陷及其周围油气勘探的主要领域[J].中国海上油气:地质,2000,14(3):145—156.
[35]董瑞树,蒋秀琴.渤海周围地区地震震源机制解和应力场特征[J].东北地震研究,1986,2(1):55—62.
[36]李延兴,徐杰,张静华,等.渤海盆地及邻区现今构造运动的基本特征[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(6):1—7.
[37]许忠淮,阎明,赵仲和.由多个小地震推断的华北地区构造应力场的方向[J].地震学报,1983,5(3):268—279.
[38]梁海华,刘树文,侯建军,等.华北地区深、浅部应力状态的差异及其成因研究[J].中国地震,1999,15(4):69—76.
[39]冯向东,魏东平,陈棋福.基于观测应力场的大华北地区动力学机制探讨[J].地震学报,2005,27(1):1—10.
[40]刘峡,傅容珊,杨国华,等.用GPS资料研究华北地区形变场和构造应力场[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(3):34—38.
[41]王志才,邓起东,晁洪太,等.山东半岛北部近海海域北西向蓬莱—威海断裂带的声波探测[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1092—1101.
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