基于波前面三角形网格剖分的波前重建法三维射线追踪
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摘要
在许多地震反演和偏移成像方法中,都要涉及到射线路径和旅行时的计算.本文将波前面三角形网格剖分和三维波前重建法射线追踪技术结合使用,实现了射线路径和旅行时的准确快速计算.三维波前重建法射线追踪过程中可以保证稳定合理的射线密度,克服了常规射线追踪方法存在阴影区的问题.波前面三角形网格剖分在描述和拆分波前面时更加准确有效,而且不需太多的网格数目,从而提高了射线追踪的精度和效率.该方法在三维复杂构造成像方面有独特的优势,目前在实际的Kirchhoff偏移中的已经有相关应用.
In many seismic inversion and migration imaging methods,we need to calculate ray paths and travel times.This paper applies triangular grids layout on wavefront and the 3D wavefront construction method on ray tracing,actualizes quick and exact calculation of ray paths and travel times.The 3D wavefront construction method ray tracing can ensure stabile and reasonable density of rays,avoid the shadow problems in those traditional methods for ray tracing.Triangular grids layout on wavefront,with few grids,is more exact and effective in description and division of wavefront,and can improve precision and efficiency of ray tracing.This method has particular advantages in 3D migration and imaging of complicated oil and gas structures,and has been practically applied to Kirchhoff migration.
In many seismic inversion and migration imaging methods,we need to calculate ray paths and travel times.This paper applies triangular grids layout on wavefront and the 3D wavefront construction method on ray tracing,actualizes quick and exact calculation of ray paths and travel times.The 3D wavefront construction method ray tracing can ensure stabile and reasonable density of rays,avoid the shadow problems in those traditional methods for ray tracing.Triangular grids layout on wavefront,with few grids,is more exact and effective in description and division of wavefront,and can improve precision and efficiency of ray tracing.This method has particular advantages in 3D migration and imaging of complicated oil and gas structures,and has been practically applied to Kirchhoff migration.
引文
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[2] 张钋.刘洪.李幼铭.射线追踪方法的发展现状[J].地球物理学进展,2000． 15(1) :36-45． Zhang P,Liu H,Li Y M.The situation and progress of ray tracing method research[J].Progress in Geophysics,2000,15(1) : 36-45．
[3] 张建中,陈世军.复杂介质地震初至波数值模拟[J].计算物理,2003,20(5) :429-433． Zhang J Z,Chen S J.Numerical modeling of seismic first break in complex media[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Physics,2003,20(5) :429-433．
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[7] 杨长春,冷传波,李幼铭.适用于复杂地质模型的三维射线追踪方法[J].地球物理学报,1997,5(3) :414-421． Yang C C,Leng C B,Li Y M.Fast and accurate ray tracing in 3-D media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1997,5(3) :414-421．
[8] Mao WJ,Stuart G W.Rapid multi-wave-type ray tracing in complex 2-D and 3-D isotropic media [J].Geophysics,1997,62:298-308．
[9] 高尔根,徐果明,蒋先艺,等.三维结构下逐段迭代射线追踪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1) :11-16． Gao E G,Xu G M,Jiang X Y,et al.Department of Iterative ray-tracing method segment by segment under 3-D construction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37 (1) : 11-16．
[10] Vidale J.Finite-difference calculation of travel time [J].Bulletin of the seisrnological society of America,1988,78 (6) :2067-2076．
[11] Vidale J E.Finite difference calculation of travehimes in three dimension[J].Geophysics,1990,55,521-526．
[12] 朱金明,王丽燕.地震波走时的有限差分法计算[J].地球物理学报.1992,35(1) :86-92． Zhu J M,Wang L Y.Finite difference calculation of seismic travel times[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1992,35 (1) :86-92．
[13] Moser TJ.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays[J].Geophysics,1991,56(1) :59-67．
[14] Fisher R,Lees J M.Shortest path ray tracing with sparse graphs[J].Geophysics ,1993,58(7) : 987-996．
[15] 刘洪.孟凡林,李幼铭.计算最小走时和射线路径的界面网全局算法[J].地球物理学报,1995． 38(6) :823-832． Liu H,Meng F L,Li Y M.[J].Chinese JournaI of Geophysics,1995 ,38(6) :823-832．
[16] 许琨,吴律,王妙月,改进Moser法射线追踪[j].地球物理学进展,1998,13(4) :60-66． Xu K,Wu J,Wang M Y.Improved moser ray trace[J].Progress in Geophysics,1998,13(4) : 60-66．
[17] 张建中,陈世军,余大祥.最短路径射线追踪方法及其改进[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1) :146-158． Zhang J Z,Chen S J,Yu D Y.Improvement of shortest path ray tracing method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(1) :146-158．
[18] 张建中,陈世军.徐初伟.动态网格最短路径射线追踪[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5) :899-904． Zhang J Z,Chen S J,Xu C W.A method of shortest path ray tracing with dynamic networks [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47 (5) : 899-904．
[19] 张美根,程冰洁,李小凡等.一种最短路径射线追踪的快速算法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1467-1474． Zhang M G,Cheng B J,Li X F.A fast algorithm of shortestpath ray tracing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5) : 1467-1474．
[20] 黄联捷,李幼铭,吴如山.用于图像重建的波前法射线追踪[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(2) :223-233． Huang L J,Li Y M,Wu R S.The wave-front ray tracing method for image reconstruction [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1992,35(2) : 223-233．
[21] Vinj E V,Iversen E,Gjoystdal H.Traveltime and amplitude estimation using wavefront const ruction [J].Geophysics,1993(8) :1157-1166．
[22] Vini E V,Iversen E,Astebol K,Gjoystdal H.Estimation of multivalve arrivals in 3D models using wavefront construction Part Ⅰ[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,4:819-842．
[23] 赵连锋,朱介寿,曹俊兴,郑圻森,有序波前重建法的射线追踪[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(3) :415-420． Zhao L F,Zhu J S,Cao J X,Zheng QS.Ray tracing using ordinal wavefront reconstruction rnethod[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(3) :415-420．
[24] 孙小东,李振春,栗宝鹃,滕厚华.波前构建法三维射线追踪[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):275-277． Sun X D,Li Z C,Li B J.3D ray tracing using wavefront construction method[J].Gas Industries,2007,27 (Sup A) :275-277．
[25] 韩复兴,孙建国,杨昊.基于二维三次卷积插值算法的波前构建射线追踪[J],吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,38(2) :336-346． Han F X,Sun J G,Yang H.Ray-tracing of wavefront construction by bicubic convolution interpolation[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition) ,2008,38(2) :336-346．
[26] 黄中玉,赵金州,矩形网格三点Fermat射线追踪技术[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(1) :201-204． Huang Z Y,Zhao J Z.Three points fermat ray tracing technique[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19 (1) : 201-204．
[27] 高亮,李幼铭,陈旭荣,杨孔庆.地震射线幸几何算法初探[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3) :402-410． Gao L,Li Y M,Chen X R,Yang K Q.An attempt to seismic ray tracing with symplectic algorthm[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(3) : 402-410．
[28] 秦孟兆,陈景渡.Maslov渐近理论与辛几何算法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(4) :522-533． Qin M Z,Chen J B.Maslov asymptotic theory and simplistic algorithm[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43 (4) :522-533．
[2] 张钋.刘洪.李幼铭.射线追踪方法的发展现状[J].地球物理学进展,2000． 15(1) :36-45． Zhang P,Liu H,Li Y M.The situation and progress of ray tracing method research[J].Progress in Geophysics,2000,15(1) : 36-45．
[3] 张建中,陈世军.复杂介质地震初至波数值模拟[J].计算物理,2003,20(5) :429-433． Zhang J Z,Chen S J.Numerical modeling of seismic first break in complex media[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Physics,2003,20(5) :429-433．
[4] 马争鸣,李衍达.二步法射线追踪[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(4) :501-508． Ma Z M,Li Y D.Two-step ray tracing method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1991,34(4) :501-508．
[5] 徐昇,杨长春,刘洪,李幼铭.射线追踪的微变网格方法[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(1) :97-102． Xu S,Yang C C,Liu H,Li Y M.A grid-changeable method for ray tracing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1996,39(1) :97-102
[6] 高尔根,徐果明.二维速度随机分布逐步迭代射线追踪方法[J].地球物理学报,1996． 39(增):302-308． Gao E G,Xu G M.A new kind of step by step iterative ray-tracing method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1996,39(Supp.) :302-308．
[7] 杨长春,冷传波,李幼铭.适用于复杂地质模型的三维射线追踪方法[J].地球物理学报,1997,5(3) :414-421． Yang C C,Leng C B,Li Y M.Fast and accurate ray tracing in 3-D media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1997,5(3) :414-421．
[8] Mao WJ,Stuart G W.Rapid multi-wave-type ray tracing in complex 2-D and 3-D isotropic media [J].Geophysics,1997,62:298-308．
[9] 高尔根,徐果明,蒋先艺,等.三维结构下逐段迭代射线追踪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1) :11-16． Gao E G,Xu G M,Jiang X Y,et al.Department of Iterative ray-tracing method segment by segment under 3-D construction[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37 (1) : 11-16．
[10] Vidale J.Finite-difference calculation of travel time [J].Bulletin of the seisrnological society of America,1988,78 (6) :2067-2076．
[11] Vidale J E.Finite difference calculation of travehimes in three dimension[J].Geophysics,1990,55,521-526．
[12] 朱金明,王丽燕.地震波走时的有限差分法计算[J].地球物理学报.1992,35(1) :86-92． Zhu J M,Wang L Y.Finite difference calculation of seismic travel times[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1992,35 (1) :86-92．
[13] Moser TJ.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays[J].Geophysics,1991,56(1) :59-67．
[14] Fisher R,Lees J M.Shortest path ray tracing with sparse graphs[J].Geophysics ,1993,58(7) : 987-996．
[15] 刘洪.孟凡林,李幼铭.计算最小走时和射线路径的界面网全局算法[J].地球物理学报,1995． 38(6) :823-832． Liu H,Meng F L,Li Y M.[J].Chinese JournaI of Geophysics,1995 ,38(6) :823-832．
[16] 许琨,吴律,王妙月,改进Moser法射线追踪[j].地球物理学进展,1998,13(4) :60-66． Xu K,Wu J,Wang M Y.Improved moser ray trace[J].Progress in Geophysics,1998,13(4) : 60-66．
[17] 张建中,陈世军,余大祥.最短路径射线追踪方法及其改进[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1) :146-158． Zhang J Z,Chen S J,Yu D Y.Improvement of shortest path ray tracing method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(1) :146-158．
[18] 张建中,陈世军.徐初伟.动态网格最短路径射线追踪[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5) :899-904． Zhang J Z,Chen S J,Xu C W.A method of shortest path ray tracing with dynamic networks [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47 (5) : 899-904．
[19] 张美根,程冰洁,李小凡等.一种最短路径射线追踪的快速算法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5) :1467-1474． Zhang M G,Cheng B J,Li X F.A fast algorithm of shortestpath ray tracing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5) : 1467-1474．
[20] 黄联捷,李幼铭,吴如山.用于图像重建的波前法射线追踪[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(2) :223-233． Huang L J,Li Y M,Wu R S.The wave-front ray tracing method for image reconstruction [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1992,35(2) : 223-233．
[21] Vinj E V,Iversen E,Gjoystdal H.Traveltime and amplitude estimation using wavefront const ruction [J].Geophysics,1993(8) :1157-1166．
[22] Vini E V,Iversen E,Astebol K,Gjoystdal H.Estimation of multivalve arrivals in 3D models using wavefront construction Part Ⅰ[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,4:819-842．
[23] 赵连锋,朱介寿,曹俊兴,郑圻森,有序波前重建法的射线追踪[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(3) :415-420． Zhao L F,Zhu J S,Cao J X,Zheng QS.Ray tracing using ordinal wavefront reconstruction rnethod[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(3) :415-420．
[24] 孙小东,李振春,栗宝鹃,滕厚华.波前构建法三维射线追踪[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊A):275-277． Sun X D,Li Z C,Li B J.3D ray tracing using wavefront construction method[J].Gas Industries,2007,27 (Sup A) :275-277．
[25] 韩复兴,孙建国,杨昊.基于二维三次卷积插值算法的波前构建射线追踪[J],吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,38(2) :336-346． Han F X,Sun J G,Yang H.Ray-tracing of wavefront construction by bicubic convolution interpolation[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition) ,2008,38(2) :336-346．
[26] 黄中玉,赵金州,矩形网格三点Fermat射线追踪技术[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(1) :201-204． Huang Z Y,Zhao J Z.Three points fermat ray tracing technique[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19 (1) : 201-204．
[27] 高亮,李幼铭,陈旭荣,杨孔庆.地震射线幸几何算法初探[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3) :402-410． Gao L,Li Y M,Chen X R,Yang K Q.An attempt to seismic ray tracing with symplectic algorthm[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(3) : 402-410．
[28] 秦孟兆,陈景渡.Maslov渐近理论与辛几何算法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(4) :522-533． Qin M Z,Chen J B.Maslov asymptotic theory and simplistic algorithm[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43 (4) :522-533．
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