冲绳海槽宫古段西部槽底海底气泉的发现
摘要
中国科学院海洋研究所“科学一号”调查船于2000年在冲绳海槽宫古段进行了地球物理调查.在对调查资料进行了处理以后,在西部槽底近陆坡底部的位置上发现了海底气泉的存在.给出了海底气泉存在的证据,并讨论了海底气泉的成因及水合物存在的可能.指出,模拟测深记录上以及单道地震剖面上出现的气柱现象可能是由地层中的气体从海底逸出引起的;海底气泉控制了直径约2.2km左右的范围,为一个巨型的低温气泉.H14地震剖面上发育典型的帘式反射,标志着异常反射区地层中游离气的存在.H12地震剖面在相近的位置上出现的浊反射进一步印证了地层中游离气的存在.根据地震剖面上异常反射的形式,推测地层中游离气含量比较高,至少超过地层体积的1%.在构造位置上,海底气泉处在海槽西部近陆坡底部一个次一级的盆地当中.该盆地的西侧为东海陆架断隆,而东侧以及南北两侧都被基底隆起所控制.其中南部的基底隆起至今还在明显抬升中.盆地中发育了很厚的沉积地层,地层厚度超过3.5km.由于地层自身的重力负荷,以及周边基底隆起引起的构造挤压,盆地中层D以下发育泥底辟构造.泥底辟构造成为地层中超高压气体及低密度流体向上迁移的有效通道,也是海底气泉发育的直接原因.根据温度和压力条件估算以及地震反射特征,认为气泉处帘式反射顶部以
引文
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26江为为,刘少华,朱东英.东海冲绳海槽地质地球物理调查回顾与研究现状.地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):71~84
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28Yin P,Berne S,Vagner P,et al.Mud volcanoes at the shelf margin of the East China Sea.Marine Geology,2003,194:135~149
29李巍然,杨作升,王琦,等.冲绳海槽陆源碎屑峡谷通道搬运与海底扇沉积.海洋与湖沼,2001,32(4):55~63
30Sibuet J C,Deffontaines B,Hsu S K,et al.Okinawa Trough back arc basin:early tectonic and magnetic evolution.Journal of Geo-physical Research,1998,103:30245~30267
31Clark J F,Washburn L,Hornafius J S,et al.Dissolved hydrocar-bon flux from natural marine seeps to the Southern California Bight.Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105:11509~11522
32Kvenvolden K A,McMenamin M A.Hydrocarbon gases in sedi-ment of the shelf,slope,and basin of the Bering Sea.Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1980,44:1145~1150
33Englezos P,Bishnoi P R.Prediction of gas hydrate formation in aqueous solutions.American Institute of Chemical Engineers,1988,34:1718~1721
34Hyndman R D,Spence G D,Yuan T,et al.Regional geophysics and structural framework of the Vancouver Island margin accre-tionary prism.In:Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Ini-tial Reports,1994,146(part1):399~419
35栾锡武,秦蕴珊,张训华,等.东海陆坡及相邻槽底天然气水合物的稳定域分析.地球物理学报,2003,46(4):467~475
36栾锡武,高德章,赵金海,等.东海陆架盆地新生代沉积层的热导率.海洋与湖沼,2002,2:87~93
37栾锡武,张训华.东海及琉球沟弧盆体系的热流测量及热流分布.地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):670~678
2Hovland M,Judd A G.Seabed pockmarks and seepages.Impact on Geology,Biology and the Marine Environment.London:Graham and Trotman,1988.294
3Fader G B J.Gas-related sedimentary features from the eastern Canadian continental shelf.Continental shelf research,1991,11:1123~1153
4Roberts H H,Cook D J,Sheedlo M K.Hydrocarbon seeps of the Louisiana continental slope:Seismic amplitude signature and sea floor response.Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies XLII,1992.349~361
5Kowsmann R O,Carvalho M D.Erosional event causing gasventing on the upper continental slope,Campos Basin Brazil.Continental Shelf Research,2002,22:2345~2354
6Aloisi G,Pierre C,Rouchy J M,et al.Isotopic evidence of meth-ane related diagenesis in the mud volcanic sediments of the Bar-bados Accretionary Prism.Continental Shelf Research,2002,22:2355~2372
7Kruglyakova R,Gubanov Y,Kruglyakov V,et al.Assessment of technogenic and natural hydrocarbon supply into the Black Sea and seabed sediments.Continental Shelf Research,2002,22:2395~2407
8Orange D L,Yun J,Maher N,et al.Tracking California seafloor seeps with bathymetry,backscatter and ROVs.Continental Shelf Research,2002,22:2273~2290
9Naehr T H,Rodriguez N M,Bohrmann G,et al.Methane derived authigenic carbonates associated with gas hydrate decomposition and fluid venting above the Blake Ridge diapir.In:Paull C K,Matsumoto R,Wallace P J,et al,eds.Proceedings of the ODP(Ocean Drilling Program),Scientific Results,2000,164:285~300
10Pierre C,Rouchy J M,Gaudichet A.Diagenesis in the gas hydrate sediments of the Blake Ridge.Mineralogy and stable isotope compositions of the carbonate and sulphide minerals.In:Paull C K,Matsumoto R,Wallace P J,et al,eds.Proceedings of the ODP(Ocean Drilling Program),Scientific Results,2000,164:139~146
11Woodside J M,Ivanov M K,Limonov A F.Neotectonics and fluid flow through seafloor sediments in the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Seas-PartⅡ.In:International Oceanographic Comission Technical Series,UNESCO,1997,48:266
12DeLange G,Brunmasck H J.The occurrence of gas hydrates in Eastern Mediterranean mud dome structures as indicated by pore water composition.In:Henriet J P,Mienert J,eds.Gas Hydrates:Relevance to World Margin Stability and Climate Change.Geo-logical Society,London,Special Publications,1998,137:167~1775
13Leifer I,Patro R K.The bubble mechanism for methane transport from the shallow sea bed to the surface:A review and sensitivity study.Continental Shelf Research,2002,22:2409~2428
14Judd A G,Davies G,Wilson J,et al.Contributions to atmospheric methane by natural seepages on the UK continental shelf.Marine Geology,1997,137:165~189
15宋海斌,松林修,吴能友,等.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅰ):岩石物性.地球物理学进展,2001,16(2):118~126
16Taylor D I.Nearshore shallow gas around the UK coast.Conti-nental Shelf Research,1992,12:1135~1144
17Garcia Gil S,Vilas F,Garcia Garcia A.Shallow gas features in in-cised valley fills(Ria de Vigo,NW Spain):A case study.Conti-nental Shelf Reserch,2002,22:2303~2315
18Karisiddaiah S M,Veerayya M,Vora K H,et al.Gas charged sediments on the inner continental shelf off western India.Marine Geology,1993,110:143~152
19Fannin N G T.The use of regional geological surveys in the NorthSea and adjacent areas in recognition of offshore hazards.In:Ar-dus D A,ed.Offshore Site Investigation.London:Graham&Trotman,1980.5~21
20Moore J C,Brown K M,Horath F,et al.Plumbing accretionary prisms.In:Tarney J,Pickering K T,Knipe R J,et al,eds.The Be-havior and Influence of Fluids in Subduction Zones.London:The Royal Society,1991.49~62
21Moore J C,Vrolijk P.Fluids in accretionary prisms.Reviews of Geophysics,1992,30:113~135
22Bray C J,Karig D F.Porosity of sediments in accretionary prisms and some implications for dewatering processes.Journal of Geo-physical Research,1985,90:768~778
23Fertl W H.Abnormal Formation Pressures.New York:Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,1976.382
24Brown K.The nature and hydrogeologic significance of mud dia-pers and diatremes for accretionary systems.Journal of Geophysi-cal Research,1990,95:8969~8982
25Liu G D.Geophysical and Geological exploration and hydrocar-bon prospects of the East China Sea.China Earth Sciences,1989,1(1):43~58
26江为为,刘少华,朱东英.东海冲绳海槽地质地球物理调查回顾与研究现状.地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):71~84
27翟世奎,陈丽蓉,张海启.冲绳海槽的岩浆作用与海底热液活动.北京:海洋出版社,2001.1~200
28Yin P,Berne S,Vagner P,et al.Mud volcanoes at the shelf margin of the East China Sea.Marine Geology,2003,194:135~149
29李巍然,杨作升,王琦,等.冲绳海槽陆源碎屑峡谷通道搬运与海底扇沉积.海洋与湖沼,2001,32(4):55~63
30Sibuet J C,Deffontaines B,Hsu S K,et al.Okinawa Trough back arc basin:early tectonic and magnetic evolution.Journal of Geo-physical Research,1998,103:30245~30267
31Clark J F,Washburn L,Hornafius J S,et al.Dissolved hydrocar-bon flux from natural marine seeps to the Southern California Bight.Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105:11509~11522
32Kvenvolden K A,McMenamin M A.Hydrocarbon gases in sedi-ment of the shelf,slope,and basin of the Bering Sea.Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1980,44:1145~1150
33Englezos P,Bishnoi P R.Prediction of gas hydrate formation in aqueous solutions.American Institute of Chemical Engineers,1988,34:1718~1721
34Hyndman R D,Spence G D,Yuan T,et al.Regional geophysics and structural framework of the Vancouver Island margin accre-tionary prism.In:Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,Ini-tial Reports,1994,146(part1):399~419
35栾锡武,秦蕴珊,张训华,等.东海陆坡及相邻槽底天然气水合物的稳定域分析.地球物理学报,2003,46(4):467~475
36栾锡武,高德章,赵金海,等.东海陆架盆地新生代沉积层的热导率.海洋与湖沼,2002,2:87~93
37栾锡武,张训华.东海及琉球沟弧盆体系的热流测量及热流分布.地球物理学进展,2003,18(4):670~678
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