塔中地区中—上奥陶统内波内潮汐沉积与油气勘探
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摘要
现代海底普遍发育由内波、内潮汐引起的深水牵引流,内波、内潮汐不仅可形成各种小规模、分散的深水牵引流沉积,而且还可建造千米级的大型沉积物波。在古代地层记录中已发现各种厘米级的内波、内潮汐沉积单元,但尚未发现内波成因的大型沉积物波。通过对塔中地区中—上奥陶统碎屑岩段岩心观察和地震剖面的系统分析,发现了该岩段内由内波和内潮汐作用形成的各种牵引流沉积构造单元。已识别出4种内波、内潮汐沉积微相类型及5种基本垂向沉积层序,同时还在研究区中一上奥陶统陆坡相中识别出了内波成因的大型沉积物波。这些内波、内潮汐沉积具有较好的油气潜能,是该区中—上奥陶统潜在的油气勘探新领域。
Internal-wave and internal-tide deposits are a new type of deep-water traction current ones found and studied during the last 10 years Deep-water traction currents of internal-wave/ internal-tide ongin are well developed on modern sea floors of the oceans,They can not only produce cm-sized sedimentary structures but also build huge kin-sized sediment waves.Most of these sediment waves migrate up towards slopes.In an- cient stratigraphic record,small-scaled sedimentation units of internal-wave/internal-tide origin have been recognized but large-scaled sediment waves of internal-wave ongin have not Based on detailed studies of rock cores and seismic profiles, different kinds of internal-wave/internal-tide deposits have been recognized in the Middle-Upper Ordovician clastic rock members in the central Tarim Basin.Four basic sedimentary microfacies and five vertical successions of internal-wave/in- ternal-tide deposits have been recognized and summarized. Especially,according on detailed studies of seismic profiles, the large-scared upslope-migrating sediment wave,which can be explained as the origin of internal waves,was discovered in the Middle-Upper Ordovician continental slope facies These internal-wave/internal-tide deposits have good capability of reservoirs and may be a new potential field of petroleum explo- ration in this study area.
Internal-wave and internal-tide deposits are a new type of deep-water traction current ones found and studied during the last 10 years Deep-water traction currents of internal-wave/ internal-tide ongin are well developed on modern sea floors of the oceans,They can not only produce cm-sized sedimentary structures but also build huge kin-sized sediment waves.Most of these sediment waves migrate up towards slopes.In an- cient stratigraphic record,small-scaled sedimentation units of internal-wave/internal-tide origin have been recognized but large-scaled sediment waves of internal-wave ongin have not Based on detailed studies of rock cores and seismic profiles, different kinds of internal-wave/internal-tide deposits have been recognized in the Middle-Upper Ordovician clastic rock members in the central Tarim Basin.Four basic sedimentary microfacies and five vertical successions of internal-wave/in- ternal-tide deposits have been recognized and summarized. Especially,according on detailed studies of seismic profiles, the large-scared upslope-migrating sediment wave,which can be explained as the origin of internal waves,was discovered in the Middle-Upper Ordovician continental slope facies These internal-wave/internal-tide deposits have good capability of reservoirs and may be a new potential field of petroleum explo- ration in this study area.
引文
1 LaFond E C.Internal waves.In:Hill M N ed.The sea.Vol 1． London:wiley Interscience,1962:731-751
2 LaFond E C.Internal Waves.In:Feirbridge G W ed.The encyclopedia of oceanography.New York:Reinhold,1966:40
3 Munk W.Internal waves and small-scale processes.In:Warren B A,Wunseh C eds.Evolution of physical oceanography.Cambridge,:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1981:191
4 Shepard F P,Marshall N F,McLoughlin P A et al.Currents in submarine canyons and other seavalleys.AAPG Studies in Geology,1979:173
5 Gao Zhenzhong,Eriksson K A.Internal-tide deposits in an Ordovician submarine channel:previously unrecognized facies?.Geology,1991,19(7) :734-737
6 高振中,Eriksson K A.美国阿巴拉契亚山脉芬卡苏地区奥陶纪海底水道中的内潮汐沉积.沉积学报,1993,11(1) :12-22
7 高振中,何幼斌,罗顺社等.深水牵引流沉积--内潮汐、内波和等深流沉积研究.北京:科学出版社,1996
8 高振中,何幼斌,李建明等.我国发现内潮汐沉积.科学通报,1997,42(13) :1418-1421
9 高振中,彭德堂,刘学锋等.塔里木盆地 TZ30井中奥陶统内潮汐沉积.江汉石油学院学报,1996,18(4) :9-14
10 Howe J A.Turbidite and contourite sediment waves in the northern Rockall Trough,North Atlantic Ocean.Sedimentology,1996,43:219-234
11 Richard P C,Ritchie J D,Thomson A R.Evolution of deep-water climbing dunes in the Rokall Trough--implications for overflow currents across the Wyville-Thomson Ridge in the Late Miocene.Marine Geology,1987,76:177-183
12 Damuth J E.Migrating sediment waves created by turbidity currents in the northemsouth China sea.Geology,1979,7:520-523
13 Normark W R,Hess G R,Stow D A V et al.Sediment waves on the monterey fanlevee:a preliminary physical interpretation.Marine Geology,1980,37:1-18
14 Flood R D,Shor A N.Mud waves in the Argentine basin and their relationship to regional bottomcirculation patterns.Deep-sea Res.,1988,35:943-971
15 Gao Zhenzhong,Eriksson K A,He Youbin et al.Deep-water traction current deposits-A:study of internal tides, internal waves,contour currents and their deposits.Beijing and New York:Science Press,Utrecht and Tokyo:VSP,1998
16 Karl H A.Internal-wave currents as a mechanism to account for large sand waves in Navarinsky Canyon Head,Bering Sea.J.Sediment.Petrol.,1986,56(5) :706-714
17 张兴阳,高振中,姚雪根.北大西洋洛克尔海槽东北部内波沉积.沉积学报,1999,17(3) :464-472
18 张兴阳.深水牵引流形成的床形单元组合.古地理学报,2000,2(2) :29-36
19 何幼斌,罗顺社,高振中.深水牵引流沉积研究进展与展望.地球科学进展,1997,12(3) :247-252
20 何幼斌,高振中.内波、内潮汐沉积的特征与鉴别.科学通报,1998,43(9) :903-908
21 Shanmugam G,Spalding T D,Rofheart D H.Process sedimentology and reservoir quality of deep-marine bottom-current reworked sands(sandy contourites):an example from the Gulf of Mexico.AAPG Bulletin,1993． 77:1241-1259
22 扬殿荣.海洋学.北京:高等教育出版社,1985
2 LaFond E C.Internal Waves.In:Feirbridge G W ed.The encyclopedia of oceanography.New York:Reinhold,1966:40
3 Munk W.Internal waves and small-scale processes.In:Warren B A,Wunseh C eds.Evolution of physical oceanography.Cambridge,:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1981:191
4 Shepard F P,Marshall N F,McLoughlin P A et al.Currents in submarine canyons and other seavalleys.AAPG Studies in Geology,1979:173
5 Gao Zhenzhong,Eriksson K A.Internal-tide deposits in an Ordovician submarine channel:previously unrecognized facies?.Geology,1991,19(7) :734-737
6 高振中,Eriksson K A.美国阿巴拉契亚山脉芬卡苏地区奥陶纪海底水道中的内潮汐沉积.沉积学报,1993,11(1) :12-22
7 高振中,何幼斌,罗顺社等.深水牵引流沉积--内潮汐、内波和等深流沉积研究.北京:科学出版社,1996
8 高振中,何幼斌,李建明等.我国发现内潮汐沉积.科学通报,1997,42(13) :1418-1421
9 高振中,彭德堂,刘学锋等.塔里木盆地 TZ30井中奥陶统内潮汐沉积.江汉石油学院学报,1996,18(4) :9-14
10 Howe J A.Turbidite and contourite sediment waves in the northern Rockall Trough,North Atlantic Ocean.Sedimentology,1996,43:219-234
11 Richard P C,Ritchie J D,Thomson A R.Evolution of deep-water climbing dunes in the Rokall Trough--implications for overflow currents across the Wyville-Thomson Ridge in the Late Miocene.Marine Geology,1987,76:177-183
12 Damuth J E.Migrating sediment waves created by turbidity currents in the northemsouth China sea.Geology,1979,7:520-523
13 Normark W R,Hess G R,Stow D A V et al.Sediment waves on the monterey fanlevee:a preliminary physical interpretation.Marine Geology,1980,37:1-18
14 Flood R D,Shor A N.Mud waves in the Argentine basin and their relationship to regional bottomcirculation patterns.Deep-sea Res.,1988,35:943-971
15 Gao Zhenzhong,Eriksson K A,He Youbin et al.Deep-water traction current deposits-A:study of internal tides, internal waves,contour currents and their deposits.Beijing and New York:Science Press,Utrecht and Tokyo:VSP,1998
16 Karl H A.Internal-wave currents as a mechanism to account for large sand waves in Navarinsky Canyon Head,Bering Sea.J.Sediment.Petrol.,1986,56(5) :706-714
17 张兴阳,高振中,姚雪根.北大西洋洛克尔海槽东北部内波沉积.沉积学报,1999,17(3) :464-472
18 张兴阳.深水牵引流形成的床形单元组合.古地理学报,2000,2(2) :29-36
19 何幼斌,罗顺社,高振中.深水牵引流沉积研究进展与展望.地球科学进展,1997,12(3) :247-252
20 何幼斌,高振中.内波、内潮汐沉积的特征与鉴别.科学通报,1998,43(9) :903-908
21 Shanmugam G,Spalding T D,Rofheart D H.Process sedimentology and reservoir quality of deep-marine bottom-current reworked sands(sandy contourites):an example from the Gulf of Mexico.AAPG Bulletin,1993． 77:1241-1259
22 扬殿荣.海洋学.北京:高等教育出版社,1985
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