厦门典型地基土的地震反应分析与评价
摘要
为评价厦门地基抗震的稳定性,用有限元法对4个典型场地进行了地震反应分析,并用《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011–2001)推荐的方法和振动台模型试验结果作了综合评判。第1场地包含1层填土、2层砂土和1层软土,第2场地为厚10 m的填土,第3场地为厚26 m的软土,第4场地为厚15.5 m的饱和含泥中粗砂。各种土的本构关系都采用等效非线性模型,用提出的孔压模型计算砂土的动孔压变化,用模量软化法计算地基永久变形;模型参数主要来自研究成果。场地用八节点等参元剖分,采用单元集中质量矩阵和瑞利阻尼矩阵,用Wilson-θ法和波前法求解动力反应方程。共分析了20种工况:包括3种输入地震波(2种厦门天然波和松潘波)、3种地震加速度峰值(0.15,0.2和0.3 g)、4种静荷载强度(0,50,100,150 kPa),得到了各场地的变形场、孔压场、震陷量、隆起量和液化等级。研究结果表明:在强震作用下,填土地基的震陷量较小,对环岛路影响不大;深厚软粘土地基震陷量较大,从局部剪切破坏向整体剪切破坏发展;埋藏较浅的砂土会发生液化。研究成果对厦门市的地基抗震决策有重要参考价值。
In order to evaluate the seismic stability of foundation soil in Xiamen,earthquake reaction analysis for 4 typical sites were conducted using FEM and the way recommended by code for seismic design of buildings(GB50011–2001 of China) as well as shaking table test.The first site consists of a stratum of fill soil and two layers of sands as well as a layer of soft clay.The second site consists of only a stratum of fill soil with thickness of 10 meters.The third site is just a layer of soft clay with thickness of 26 meters.The fourth site is a middle-coarse sand containing some mud.The equivalent nonlinear constitutive model was adopted to describe the behaviors of various soils mentioned above.The pore water pressure model proposed by the authors was used to analyze the change of dynamic pore water pressure in the sand layers;The modulus softening method was applied to calculate the permanent deformation of the foundation soils.The sites were discreted by isoparameter element with 8 nodes.The dynamic reaction equations were solved with Wilson-θ method and frontal solution technique.Total of 20 cases were simulated numerically and analyzed including of three types of seismic waves(two kinds of natural earthquake waves of Xiamen and the earthquake wave of Songpan),three peak accelerations of earthquake(i.e.,0.15,0.2,0.3 g),4 intensity of static loads(i.e.,0,50,100,150 kPa).And the deformation fields,the pore water pressure fieldst,he seismic depressiont,he heave and the liquefaction grades for the four sites were obtained.The research results show that when strong earthquake takes place,the seismic depression of the fill foundation soil is not obvious and has small effect on the road of circle Amoy island.The seismic depression of the soft clay with large thickness is big;and failure patterns of the soft soil develops from local shear to general shear.The sand buried shallowly may be liquefaction.Above study results have an important consultation value to make aseismic decision of the foundation in Xiamen.
In order to evaluate the seismic stability of foundation soil in Xiamen,earthquake reaction analysis for 4 typical sites were conducted using FEM and the way recommended by code for seismic design of buildings(GB50011–2001 of China) as well as shaking table test.The first site consists of a stratum of fill soil and two layers of sands as well as a layer of soft clay.The second site consists of only a stratum of fill soil with thickness of 10 meters.The third site is just a layer of soft clay with thickness of 26 meters.The fourth site is a middle-coarse sand containing some mud.The equivalent nonlinear constitutive model was adopted to describe the behaviors of various soils mentioned above.The pore water pressure model proposed by the authors was used to analyze the change of dynamic pore water pressure in the sand layers;The modulus softening method was applied to calculate the permanent deformation of the foundation soils.The sites were discreted by isoparameter element with 8 nodes.The dynamic reaction equations were solved with Wilson-θ method and frontal solution technique.Total of 20 cases were simulated numerically and analyzed including of three types of seismic waves(two kinds of natural earthquake waves of Xiamen and the earthquake wave of Songpan),three peak accelerations of earthquake(i.e.,0.15,0.2,0.3 g),4 intensity of static loads(i.e.,0,50,100,150 kPa).And the deformation fields,the pore water pressure fieldst,he seismic depressiont,he heave and the liquefaction grades for the four sites were obtained.The research results show that when strong earthquake takes place,the seismic depression of the fill foundation soil is not obvious and has small effect on the road of circle Amoy island.The seismic depression of the soft clay with large thickness is big;and failure patterns of the soft soil develops from local shear to general shear.The sand buried shallowly may be liquefaction.Above study results have an important consultation value to make aseismic decision of the foundation in Xiamen.
引文
[1]中国人民解放军后勤工程学院,厦门市地质工程勘察院,厦门市建筑科学研究院,等.“厦门市建筑地基抗震稳定性研究”结题报告[R].厦门:中国人民解放军后勤工程学院,厦门市地质工程勘察院,厦门市建筑科学研究院,2003.(Logistical Engineering University of PLA,Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Prospecting of Xiamen City,Institute of Building Science of Xiamen City,et al.Research on the aseismic stability of building sites of Xiamen City[R].Xiamen:Logistical Engineering University of PLA,Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Prospecting of Xiamen City,Institute of Building Science of Xiamen City,2003.(in Chinese))
[2]厦门市抗震防灾办公室.厦门市历史地震调查与地震危险性分析[R].厦门:厦门市抗震防灾办公室,1988.(Office of Aseismic Work of Xiamen City.Investigation on the historic earthquakes and analysis of earthquake dangerous for Xiamen City[R].Xiamen:Office of Aseismic Work of Xiamen City,1988(in Chinese))
[3]福建地震地质工程勘察院.厦门市邮电大厦工程场地地震安全性评价报告[R].厦门:福建地震地质工程勘察院,1997.(Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Prospecting of Fujian Province.Report on earthquake safety evaluation of the Post and Telecommunications Building of Xiamen[R].Xiamen:Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Prospecting of Fujian Province,1997.(in Chinese))
[4]陈运泰,杨智娴.从集集地震和全球的震情与震灾看大中城市的防震减灾[A].见:2000年科学发展报告(中国科学院)[C].北京:科学出版社,2000.168–172.(Cheng Yuntai,Yang Zhixian.The Jiji earthquake,global seismicity and earthquake disaster:Implications to prevention and mitigation of earthquake disaster[A].In:Chinese Academy of Sciences ed.Report on 2000 Science Development[C].Beijing:Science Press,2000.168–172.(in Chinese))
[5]刘惠珊,张在明.地震区的场地与地基基础[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994.(Liu Huishan,Zhang Zaiming.The Building Site and Foundation Soil in Seismic Area[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[6]李刚,陈正汉,王权民.厦门市海积粉细砂动力特性试验研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2002,(2):33–36.(Li Gang,Chen Zhenghan,Wang Quanmin.The experimental study of dynamic characteristic of fine silt in Xiamen[J].Sichuan Building Science,2002,(2):33–36.(in Chinese))
[7]王权民,李刚,陈正汉,等.厦门砂土的动力特性研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(11):1 600–1 606.(Wang Quanmin,Li Gang,Chen Zhenghan,et al.Research on the dynamic characteristics of sands in Xiamen City[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(11):1 600–1 606.(in Chinese))
[8]李刚,陈正汉,王权民.最大往返剪切作用面上应变破坏标准的应力条件[J].岩土力学,2002,23(1):90–92.(Li Gang,Chen Zhenghan,Wang Quanmin.The failure stress condition on the maximum cyclic shear surface associated with the failure strain criterion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(1):90–92.(in Chinese))
[9]王权民,陈正汉,方祥位,等.厦门残积土的静动力学特性与震陷特性研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2005,(3):73–77.(Wang Quanmin,Chen Zhenghan,Fang Xiangwei,et al.Test research on the characteristics of static and dynamics as well as seismic depression of residual soil in Amoy[J].Building Science Research of Sichuan,2005,(3):73–77.(in Chinese))
[10]方祥位,陈正汉,申春妮,等.残积土特殊应力路径的三轴试验特性研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):932–936.(Fang Xiangwei,Chen Zhenghan,Shen Chunni,et al.Test study on residual soil under special stress paths[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):932–936.(in Chinese))
[11]曹继东,陈正汉,王权民.厦门软粘土的振陷特性研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(1):160–164.(Cao Jidong,Chen Zhenghan,Wang Quanmin.Study on characteristics of seismic depression of soft clay in Xiamen[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(1):160–164.(in Chinese))
[12]曹继东,王权民,陈正汉.厦门填海土的振动台试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程,2004,23(20):3 529–3 535.(Cao Jidong,Wang Quanmin,Chen Zhenghan.`Testing study of shaking table on made-land in seabeach of Amoy[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(20):3 529–3 535.(in Chinese))
[13]曹继东,陈正汉,王权民.软粘土的共振柱试验研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2004,(4):69–71.(Cao Jidong,Chen Zhenghan,Wang Quanmin.The resonant column test study of soft clay in Amoy[J].Sichuan Building Science,2004,(4):69–71.(in Chinese))
[14]顾淦臣.土石坝地震工程[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1989.(Gu Ganchen.Seismic Engineering of Earth-rockfill Dam[M].Nanjing:Hohai University Press,1989.(in Chinese))
[15]史宏彦.土体动力反应的瞬态有效应力分析法及其计算程序的研究[硕士学位论文][D].西安:陕西机械学院,1987.(Shi Hongyan.Research on analysis methods and computation program for transient dynamics reaction of soil mass based on effective stress[M.S.Thesis][D].Xi′an:Shaanxi Institute of Mechanical Engineering,1987.(in Chinese))
[16]周健,白冰,许建平.土动力学理论与计算[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.(Zhou Jian,Bai Bing,Xu Jianping.Theory and Calculation of Soil Dynamics[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[17]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011–2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB50011–2001)[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[18]谢定义.土动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1988.(Xie Dingyi.Dynamics for Soil[M].Xi′an:Xi′an Jiaotong University Press,1988.(in Chinese))
[19]林成功.台湾921集集大地震滑坡动力分析研究[博士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2003.(Lin Chenggong.A study on the dynamic of slope stability at the 921 Jiji earthquake in Taiwan[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2003.(in Chinese))
[20]李刚.厦门地基砂土的动力特性及其地震反应分析[硕士学位论文][D].重庆:解放军后勤工程学院,2001.(Li Gang.Dynamics characteristics and earthquake reaction analysis of sands in Amoy[M.S.Thesis][D].Chongqing:Logistic Engineering University of PLA,2001.(in Chinese))
[2]厦门市抗震防灾办公室.厦门市历史地震调查与地震危险性分析[R].厦门:厦门市抗震防灾办公室,1988.(Office of Aseismic Work of Xiamen City.Investigation on the historic earthquakes and analysis of earthquake dangerous for Xiamen City[R].Xiamen:Office of Aseismic Work of Xiamen City,1988(in Chinese))
[3]福建地震地质工程勘察院.厦门市邮电大厦工程场地地震安全性评价报告[R].厦门:福建地震地质工程勘察院,1997.(Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Prospecting of Fujian Province.Report on earthquake safety evaluation of the Post and Telecommunications Building of Xiamen[R].Xiamen:Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Prospecting of Fujian Province,1997.(in Chinese))
[4]陈运泰,杨智娴.从集集地震和全球的震情与震灾看大中城市的防震减灾[A].见:2000年科学发展报告(中国科学院)[C].北京:科学出版社,2000.168–172.(Cheng Yuntai,Yang Zhixian.The Jiji earthquake,global seismicity and earthquake disaster:Implications to prevention and mitigation of earthquake disaster[A].In:Chinese Academy of Sciences ed.Report on 2000 Science Development[C].Beijing:Science Press,2000.168–172.(in Chinese))
[5]刘惠珊,张在明.地震区的场地与地基基础[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994.(Liu Huishan,Zhang Zaiming.The Building Site and Foundation Soil in Seismic Area[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[6]李刚,陈正汉,王权民.厦门市海积粉细砂动力特性试验研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2002,(2):33–36.(Li Gang,Chen Zhenghan,Wang Quanmin.The experimental study of dynamic characteristic of fine silt in Xiamen[J].Sichuan Building Science,2002,(2):33–36.(in Chinese))
[7]王权民,李刚,陈正汉,等.厦门砂土的动力特性研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(11):1 600–1 606.(Wang Quanmin,Li Gang,Chen Zhenghan,et al.Research on the dynamic characteristics of sands in Xiamen City[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(11):1 600–1 606.(in Chinese))
[8]李刚,陈正汉,王权民.最大往返剪切作用面上应变破坏标准的应力条件[J].岩土力学,2002,23(1):90–92.(Li Gang,Chen Zhenghan,Wang Quanmin.The failure stress condition on the maximum cyclic shear surface associated with the failure strain criterion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(1):90–92.(in Chinese))
[9]王权民,陈正汉,方祥位,等.厦门残积土的静动力学特性与震陷特性研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2005,(3):73–77.(Wang Quanmin,Chen Zhenghan,Fang Xiangwei,et al.Test research on the characteristics of static and dynamics as well as seismic depression of residual soil in Amoy[J].Building Science Research of Sichuan,2005,(3):73–77.(in Chinese))
[10]方祥位,陈正汉,申春妮,等.残积土特殊应力路径的三轴试验特性研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):932–936.(Fang Xiangwei,Chen Zhenghan,Shen Chunni,et al.Test study on residual soil under special stress paths[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):932–936.(in Chinese))
[11]曹继东,陈正汉,王权民.厦门软粘土的振陷特性研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(1):160–164.(Cao Jidong,Chen Zhenghan,Wang Quanmin.Study on characteristics of seismic depression of soft clay in Xiamen[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(1):160–164.(in Chinese))
[12]曹继东,王权民,陈正汉.厦门填海土的振动台试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程,2004,23(20):3 529–3 535.(Cao Jidong,Wang Quanmin,Chen Zhenghan.`Testing study of shaking table on made-land in seabeach of Amoy[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(20):3 529–3 535.(in Chinese))
[13]曹继东,陈正汉,王权民.软粘土的共振柱试验研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2004,(4):69–71.(Cao Jidong,Chen Zhenghan,Wang Quanmin.The resonant column test study of soft clay in Amoy[J].Sichuan Building Science,2004,(4):69–71.(in Chinese))
[14]顾淦臣.土石坝地震工程[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1989.(Gu Ganchen.Seismic Engineering of Earth-rockfill Dam[M].Nanjing:Hohai University Press,1989.(in Chinese))
[15]史宏彦.土体动力反应的瞬态有效应力分析法及其计算程序的研究[硕士学位论文][D].西安:陕西机械学院,1987.(Shi Hongyan.Research on analysis methods and computation program for transient dynamics reaction of soil mass based on effective stress[M.S.Thesis][D].Xi′an:Shaanxi Institute of Mechanical Engineering,1987.(in Chinese))
[16]周健,白冰,许建平.土动力学理论与计算[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.(Zhou Jian,Bai Bing,Xu Jianping.Theory and Calculation of Soil Dynamics[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[17]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011–2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB50011–2001)[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[18]谢定义.土动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1988.(Xie Dingyi.Dynamics for Soil[M].Xi′an:Xi′an Jiaotong University Press,1988.(in Chinese))
[19]林成功.台湾921集集大地震滑坡动力分析研究[博士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2003.(Lin Chenggong.A study on the dynamic of slope stability at the 921 Jiji earthquake in Taiwan[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2003.(in Chinese))
[20]李刚.厦门地基砂土的动力特性及其地震反应分析[硕士学位论文][D].重庆:解放军后勤工程学院,2001.(Li Gang.Dynamics characteristics and earthquake reaction analysis of sands in Amoy[M.S.Thesis][D].Chongqing:Logistic Engineering University of PLA,2001.(in Chinese))
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心