井间地震物理模拟研究
|
摘要
井间地震资料具有极高的分辨率,但是,其波场十分复杂,特别是有效一次反射波场能量较弱,且往往被管波等强相干干扰淹没,波场的识别与分离难度较大.地震物理模拟技术是认识复杂地震波场的有效手段.我们通过单一地质体模型、复杂地质体模型和真实井间模拟模型等多种逼真地质模型的物理模拟,揭示了井间地震观测下直达波、透射波、反射波、折射波,多次波和导波等各类波型的特征.物理模拟试验表明,在炮检域平面上分析直达波的信噪比与能量分布,可以使处理人员对旅行时的误差有更直观的认识.所以识别初至与拾取旅行时间时,不仅要在共震源点道集(CSG)上分析拾取,而且还要在共炮检距道集(COG)上分析拾取,这样就提高了直达波识别的可靠性与拾取时间的精度.
Crosswell seismic data are of very high resolution and complex wavefield.Primaries are usually weak and are tend to be smeared by strong coherent interference such as guide waves,which poses challenges for identification and decomposition of wavefield.In this paper,the author studied the characteristics of different wave modes in crosswell seismic data such as direct wave,transmitted wave,reflected wave,refracted wave,multiples,and guide wave through single geological body models,combined geological body models,and real crosswell seismic physical model.Results show that it provides more reliable estimation of traveltime on shot-receiver domain.First arrivals should be picked and verified on both common shot gathers and common offset gathers to ensure the reliability of direct wave identification and accuracy of travetime picking.
Crosswell seismic data are of very high resolution and complex wavefield.Primaries are usually weak and are tend to be smeared by strong coherent interference such as guide waves,which poses challenges for identification and decomposition of wavefield.In this paper,the author studied the characteristics of different wave modes in crosswell seismic data such as direct wave,transmitted wave,reflected wave,refracted wave,multiples,and guide wave through single geological body models,combined geological body models,and real crosswell seismic physical model.Results show that it provides more reliable estimation of traveltime on shot-receiver domain.First arrivals should be picked and verified on both common shot gathers and common offset gathers to ensure the reliability of direct wave identification and accuracy of travetime picking.
引文
[1]曹辉.井间地震技术发展现状[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(6):6~10.Cao H.Current status of crosswell seismic technology[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(6):6~10.
[2]曹辉.井中地球物理技术综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):235~240.Cao H.A review of borehole geophysics[J].Progress in Ex-ploration Geophysics,2004,27(4):235~240.
[3]曹辉,郭全仕,唐金良,等.井间地震资料特点分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):312~317.Cao H,Guo Q S,Tang J L,et al.Discussion of the charac-teristics of crosswell seismic data[J].Progress in ExplorationGeophysics,2006,29(5):312~317.
[4]Harris J M,Nolen-Hoeksema R,Rector J W,et al.High-res-olution crosswell imaging of a west Texas carbonate reservoir,Part I:Project summary and interpretation[J].Geophysics,1995,60(3):667~681.
[5]李桂花,朱光明.射线法模拟分析井间地震观测的波场特征[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1847~1855.Li G H,Zhu G M.Ray tracing method simulating crosswell seis-mic data and analysis the characteristic of the wavefield[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1847~1855.
[6]窦玉坛,郭常升,毛中华,等.井间地震波动方程正演数值模拟及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1867~1872.Dou Y T,Guo C S,Mao Z H,et al.The wave equation for-ward numerical simulation and application in crosswell seismic[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1867~1872.
[7]赵鸿儒,唐文榜,郭铁栓.超声地震模型实验技术及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986,186~221.Zhao H R,Tang W B,Guo T S.Ultrasonic seismic physicalmodeling and its applications[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1986,186~221.
[8]Luo M,Evans B J.Development of a fracture mapping tech-nique using conventional one-boat multi-streamer seismic data:A physical modeling study[M].Expanded Abstracts of SEGAnnual Meeting,2001.
[9]Chang Y F,Chang C H.The line singularities of the bodywaves in anisotropic media:physical modeling results[M].Expanded Abstracts of SEG Annual Meeting,2000.
[10]M cKenna J,Evans B.Repeatability of physical modelingtime-lapse 3-D seismic data[M].Expanded Abstracts of SEGAnnual Meeting,2000.
[11]Sherlock D H,McKenna J,Evans B J.Seismic physical mod-eling of immiscible fluid flow[M].Expanded Abstracts ofSEG Annual Meeting,2000.
[12]裴正林,牟永光,狄帮让,等.复杂介质小波多尺度井间地震层析成像方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):113~117.Pei Z L,Mu Y G,Di B R,et al.Study on methods of waveletmulti-scale crosshole seismic tomography in complex media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,46(1):113~117.
[13]李智宏,胡中平,王辉明,等.含高速层地震物理模型的广角地震波场研究[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(5):345~348.Li Z H,Hu Z P,Wang H M,et al.Investigation of WARRPseismic wavefield on physical model with a high velocity layer[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2005,28(5):345~348.
[14]李智宏,赵群,钱菊华,等.模型材料研制以及在地球物理模型制作中的应用[C].见:中国地球物理第二十二届年会论文集,四川科学技术出版社,2006.Li Z H,Zhao Q,Qian J H,et al.Physical material prepara-tion and application in geophysical physical modeling[C].In:Proceedings of Annual of the Chinese Geophysical Society2006,Sichuan Science and Technology Press,2006.
[15]李智宏,钱菊华,赵群,等.模型材料研制及其在三维复杂介质地震物理模拟中的应用[C].中国地球物理第二十一届年会论文集,吉林大学出版社,2005.Li Z H,Qian J H,Zhao Q,et al.Physical material prepara-tion and modeling of 3-D complex media[C].In:Proceedingsof Annual of the Chinese Geophysical Society 2005,Jilin Uni-versity Press,2005.
[2]曹辉.井中地球物理技术综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):235~240.Cao H.A review of borehole geophysics[J].Progress in Ex-ploration Geophysics,2004,27(4):235~240.
[3]曹辉,郭全仕,唐金良,等.井间地震资料特点分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):312~317.Cao H,Guo Q S,Tang J L,et al.Discussion of the charac-teristics of crosswell seismic data[J].Progress in ExplorationGeophysics,2006,29(5):312~317.
[4]Harris J M,Nolen-Hoeksema R,Rector J W,et al.High-res-olution crosswell imaging of a west Texas carbonate reservoir,Part I:Project summary and interpretation[J].Geophysics,1995,60(3):667~681.
[5]李桂花,朱光明.射线法模拟分析井间地震观测的波场特征[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1847~1855.Li G H,Zhu G M.Ray tracing method simulating crosswell seis-mic data and analysis the characteristic of the wavefield[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1847~1855.
[6]窦玉坛,郭常升,毛中华,等.井间地震波动方程正演数值模拟及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1867~1872.Dou Y T,Guo C S,Mao Z H,et al.The wave equation for-ward numerical simulation and application in crosswell seismic[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1867~1872.
[7]赵鸿儒,唐文榜,郭铁栓.超声地震模型实验技术及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1986,186~221.Zhao H R,Tang W B,Guo T S.Ultrasonic seismic physicalmodeling and its applications[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1986,186~221.
[8]Luo M,Evans B J.Development of a fracture mapping tech-nique using conventional one-boat multi-streamer seismic data:A physical modeling study[M].Expanded Abstracts of SEGAnnual Meeting,2001.
[9]Chang Y F,Chang C H.The line singularities of the bodywaves in anisotropic media:physical modeling results[M].Expanded Abstracts of SEG Annual Meeting,2000.
[10]M cKenna J,Evans B.Repeatability of physical modelingtime-lapse 3-D seismic data[M].Expanded Abstracts of SEGAnnual Meeting,2000.
[11]Sherlock D H,McKenna J,Evans B J.Seismic physical mod-eling of immiscible fluid flow[M].Expanded Abstracts ofSEG Annual Meeting,2000.
[12]裴正林,牟永光,狄帮让,等.复杂介质小波多尺度井间地震层析成像方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):113~117.Pei Z L,Mu Y G,Di B R,et al.Study on methods of waveletmulti-scale crosshole seismic tomography in complex media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,46(1):113~117.
[13]李智宏,胡中平,王辉明,等.含高速层地震物理模型的广角地震波场研究[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(5):345~348.Li Z H,Hu Z P,Wang H M,et al.Investigation of WARRPseismic wavefield on physical model with a high velocity layer[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2005,28(5):345~348.
[14]李智宏,赵群,钱菊华,等.模型材料研制以及在地球物理模型制作中的应用[C].见:中国地球物理第二十二届年会论文集,四川科学技术出版社,2006.Li Z H,Zhao Q,Qian J H,et al.Physical material prepara-tion and application in geophysical physical modeling[C].In:Proceedings of Annual of the Chinese Geophysical Society2006,Sichuan Science and Technology Press,2006.
[15]李智宏,钱菊华,赵群,等.模型材料研制及其在三维复杂介质地震物理模拟中的应用[C].中国地球物理第二十一届年会论文集,吉林大学出版社,2005.Li Z H,Qian J H,Zhao Q,et al.Physical material prepara-tion and modeling of 3-D complex media[C].In:Proceedingsof Annual of the Chinese Geophysical Society 2005,Jilin Uni-versity Press,2005.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心