高陡复杂构造的地震成像技术进展
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摘要
高陡复杂构造及其油气藏是我国特别是西部地区重要的油气勘探领域。高陡复杂构造的准确成像是高陡复杂构造及其油气藏地震勘探面临的关键问题之一。影响高陡复杂构造准确成像的主要问题有 :①山地条件下 ,因地形起伏、表层结构横向剧烈变化所引起的静校正问题 ;②地层速度的各向异性对速度分析和动校叠加的影响 ;③复杂构造对共中心点叠加的影响和复杂波场的准确归位问题。通过多年研究 ,在高陡复杂构造成像技术上取得了四项重要进展 :一是形成了基于大炮初至层析反演表层结构的配套静校正技术 ;二是形成了基于各向异性条件的动校叠加技术 ;三是形成了构造模式指导下的叠后偏移技术和叠前叠后相结合的混合偏移技术 ;四是开发出了复杂构造的变层速度成图技术。应用这些技术取得了很好的实际应用效果。
High-steep complicated structures and relevant oil and gas reservoirs are the important oil and gas exploration fields in China, especially in our west regions. A correct imaging of the high-steep complicated structures is one of the key problems of seismic prospecting for the oil and gas reservoirs in such kind of structures. The major problems of affecting correct imaging of these structures are:① the static correction caused by the terrain relief and the lateral violent change of near-surface structure under mountainous conditions;② the influence of interval velocity anisotropy on velocity analysis and normal moveout correction;③ the effect of complicated structure on common midpoint stack and a correct homing of complex wave field. Through studying for many years, four important aspects of the progress in seismic imaging techniques of high-steep structures have been achieved. They include:① forming the auxiliary static correction technique on the basis of the shooting first-arrival tomographic inversion of near-surface structure;② forming the normal moveout correction stack technique in light of anisotropic conditions;③ forming the post-stack migration technique and mixed migration technique of combining pre-stack with post-stack under the guidance of structural patterns;④ developing the variable interval velocity mapping technique of complicated structures. An excellent result has been achieved by use of these techniques in practice.
High-steep complicated structures and relevant oil and gas reservoirs are the important oil and gas exploration fields in China, especially in our west regions. A correct imaging of the high-steep complicated structures is one of the key problems of seismic prospecting for the oil and gas reservoirs in such kind of structures. The major problems of affecting correct imaging of these structures are:① the static correction caused by the terrain relief and the lateral violent change of near-surface structure under mountainous conditions;② the influence of interval velocity anisotropy on velocity analysis and normal moveout correction;③ the effect of complicated structure on common midpoint stack and a correct homing of complex wave field. Through studying for many years, four important aspects of the progress in seismic imaging techniques of high-steep structures have been achieved. They include:① forming the auxiliary static correction technique on the basis of the shooting first-arrival tomographic inversion of near-surface structure;② forming the normal moveout correction stack technique in light of anisotropic conditions;③ forming the post-stack migration technique and mixed migration technique of combining pre-stack with post-stack under the guidance of structural patterns;④ developing the variable interval velocity mapping technique of complicated structures. An excellent result has been achieved by use of these techniques in practice.
引文
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2 HerberV .F -Kdepthmigration,62ndAnnintSEGMtg.-NewOrleans1992:935～938
3 DruahininA ,PajchelJetal.Second orderBornRytovPrestackdepthimagingdemonstratedonafielddataset,70thAnnuSegIntMtg(Calgary,Canada,8/6-112000)ExpandedAbstr,2000:2428～2431
4 HuangL ,FehlerJetal.Extendedlocalrytovfouriermigration.Geophysics,1999;64(5):1535～1545
5 EkrenBO ,UrsinB .Frequency-Wavenumberconstantoff setmigrationandAVOanalysis,65thSEGAnnualMeetingExpandedTechnicalProgramAbstracts,1995:1377～1380
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