油藏水驱开采时移地震监测岩石物理基础测量
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摘要
岩石物理测量是油藏水驱开采时移地震监测的基础.在实验室对来自胜利油田的5块岩石样品模拟储层条件进行了水驱和气驱动态岩石物理弹性测量,重点分析了流体替换、温度、孔隙压力对岩石纵、横波速度的影响.实验表明,在水驱情形下,由于流体替换和温度、孔隙压力变化所引起的岩石纵横波速度的变化均很小,实施时移地震监测具有较大的风险性.相比之下,气驱可能引起较为明显的纵波速度变化,有利于时移地震监测的实施.进一步完善实验方法、丰富实验内容、是今后时移地震岩石物理实验研究的主要任务.
Petrophysical measurements are the basis of time-lapse seismic monitoring of reservoir waterflood recovery.Under the modeled reservoir conditions as well as performance of water injection and air injection,petrophysical elastic measurements are carried out on five samples from the Shengli oilfield in laboratory.The facus is to analyze the influence of pore fluid substitution and temperature and pore pressure on compressional and shear wave velocities.The experiments show that variations of rock compressional and shear wave velocities caused by pore fluid substitution and temperature as well as pore pressure are very small in the condition of water injection,implying large risk for time-lapse seismic monitoring.In comparison,air injection can produce clear change of compressional wave velocity,which help carry out time-lapse seismic monitoring.Improving experimental methods and enriching experimental contents are the major tasks of petrophysical measurements for time-lapse seismic monitoring in the future.
Petrophysical measurements are the basis of time-lapse seismic monitoring of reservoir waterflood recovery.Under the modeled reservoir conditions as well as performance of water injection and air injection,petrophysical elastic measurements are carried out on five samples from the Shengli oilfield in laboratory.The facus is to analyze the influence of pore fluid substitution and temperature and pore pressure on compressional and shear wave velocities.The experiments show that variations of rock compressional and shear wave velocities caused by pore fluid substitution and temperature as well as pore pressure are very small in the condition of water injection,implying large risk for time-lapse seismic monitoring.In comparison,air injection can produce clear change of compressional wave velocity,which help carry out time-lapse seismic monitoring.Improving experimental methods and enriching experimental contents are the major tasks of petrophysical measurements for time-lapse seismic monitoring in the future.
引文
[1]King.Wave velocities in rocks as a function of changes in overburdenpressure and pore fluid saturants.Geophysics,1966,31(1):50~73
[2]Domenico S N.Effect of brine_gas mixture on velocity in anunconsolidated sand reservoir.Geophysics,1976,41(5):882~894
[3]Gregory A R.Fluid saturation effects on dynamic elastic properties ofsedimentary rocks.Geophysics,1976,41(5):895~921
[4]Clark V A.The properties of oil under in_situ conditions and its effecton the seismic properties of rocks.Geophysics,1992,57(7):894~901
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[6]Wang Z,Nur A M,Batzle M L.Effect of different pore fluids onvelocities in rocks.Expanded Abstracts of 58thAnnual Internat SEGMtg,1988.868~871
[7]韩文功,李红梅,杨云岭等.济阳坳陷岩芯弹性和物性参数的实验测量及分析.石油物探,1997,36(1):21~27Han W G,Li H M,Yang Y L,et al.The laboratorial measurementand analysis for the elastic and physical parameters of drilling cores inJiyang Depression.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(inChinese),1997,36(1):21~27
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[12]刘斌.不同围压下孔隙度不同的干燥及水饱和岩样中的纵横波速度及衰减.地球物理学报,1998,41(4):537~546Liu B.Compressional wave velocity and attenuation in dry and watersaturation samples with different porosity under different overburdenpressure.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(4):537~546
[13]沈联蒂,史讠哥.岩性、含油气性、有效覆盖压力对纵横波速度的影响.地球物理学报,1994,37(3):391~398Shen L D,Shi G.Effects of properties of rock and oil and gas andeffective pressure on compressional and shear wave velocities.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(3):391~398
[14]Batzle M,Wang Z,et al.Seismic properties of pore fluids.Geophysics,1992,57(11):1396~1408
[15]云美厚,易维启.孔隙流体地震特性的计算.石油物探,2001,40(2):13~20Yun M H,Yi W Q.Computation of seismic properties of pore fluids.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2001,40(2):13~20
[16]Wang Z.The Gassmann equation revisited:Comparing laboratorydata with Gassmann’s predictions.In:Wang Z,Nur A.Eds.Seismic and Acoustic Velocities in Reservoir Rocks,Vol.3:RecentDevelopment.Society of Exploration Geophysicists.2000,8~23
[17]Wang Z.Fundamentals of seismic rock physics.Geophysics,2001,66(2):398~412
[18]云美厚,易维启,庄红艳.砂岩中干岩石弹性模量与孔隙度、泥质含量、有效压力和温度的经验关系.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):308~314Yun M H,Yi W Q,Zhuang H Y.Empirical relationship amongelastic modulus,porosity,clay content,effective pressure andtemperature in dry core samples of sandstone.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2001,36(3):308~314
[19]云美厚,管志宁.储层条件下砂岩纵、横波速度的理论计算.石油物探,2002,41(3):289~298Yun M H,Guan Z N.The estimation of P and S-waves velocities insandstone under in-situ conditions.Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),2002,41(3):289~298
[20]云美厚,管志宁,张国才.油藏注水开发对储层岩石速度和密度的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):280~286Yun M H,Guan Z N,Zhang G C.Effect of waterflood developmenton velocity and density of reservoir rock.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2002,37(3):280~286
[21]云美厚,杨凯,丁伟等.水驱4-D地震监测岩石物理基础研究综述.石油物探,2004,43(3):309~312Yun M H,Yang K,Ding W,et al.A review on rock physicalproperty study for 4-D seismic monitoring in water floodingreservoirs.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(3):309~312
[22]云美厚.油藏注水强化开采地震监测技术的研究与应用[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2001Yun M H.A study and application of seismic monitoring for reservoirwaterflood enhanced recovery[Ph.D.thesis].Beijing:ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,2001
[23]云美厚,管志宁.储层温压变化与油藏地震监测.地球物理学进展,2003,18(1):156~159Yun M H,Guan Z N.Variation of temperature and pressure inreservoir and seismic monitoring.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2003,18(1):156~159
[24]云美厚,张国富,张国才.温度与压力对注水地震监测的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):466~470Yun M H,Zhang G F,Zhang G C.Effects of temperature andpressure on seismic monitoring for waterflooding.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2001,36(4):466~470
[25]曹辉.油藏监测中的时延地震技术.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(5/6):342~348Cao H.Time-lapse seismic techniques in reservoir monitoring.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,26(5/6):342~348
[2]Domenico S N.Effect of brine_gas mixture on velocity in anunconsolidated sand reservoir.Geophysics,1976,41(5):882~894
[3]Gregory A R.Fluid saturation effects on dynamic elastic properties ofsedimentary rocks.Geophysics,1976,41(5):895~921
[4]Clark V A.The properties of oil under in_situ conditions and its effecton the seismic properties of rocks.Geophysics,1992,57(7):894~901
[5]Wang Z,Nur A.Velocities in hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon_saturated rocks and sands.Expanded Abstracts of 57thAnnualInternat SEG Mtg,1987.374~379
[6]Wang Z,Nur A M,Batzle M L.Effect of different pore fluids onvelocities in rocks.Expanded Abstracts of 58thAnnual Internat SEGMtg,1988.868~871
[7]韩文功,李红梅,杨云岭等.济阳坳陷岩芯弹性和物性参数的实验测量及分析.石油物探,1997,36(1):21~27Han W G,Li H M,Yang Y L,et al.The laboratorial measurementand analysis for the elastic and physical parameters of drilling cores inJiyang Depression.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(inChinese),1997,36(1):21~27
[8]黄凯.高温高压岩心测试参数在准葛尔盆地碳氢监测中的应用.石油物探,1998,37(1):21~30Huang K.Application of experimental parameters of cores in HCI inJungger basin.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),1998,37(1):21~30
[9]赵发展,蔡敏龙,赛飞雅.高温高压下岩石声波及电阻率实验研究.测井技术,1998,22(A1):3~5Zhao F Z,Cai M L,Sai F Y.Experimental study on acoustic andresistivity parameters of rocks under high temperature and pressure.Well Logging Technique(in Chinese),1998,22(A1):3~5
[10]史讠哥,沈文略,杨东全.岩石弹性波速度和饱和度、孔隙流体分布的关系.地球物理学报,2003,46(1):138~142Shi G,Shen W L,Yang D Q.The relationship of wave velocities withsaturation and fluid distribution in pore space.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(1):138~142
[11]张元中,楚泽涵,李铭等.岩石声频散的实验研究及声波速度的外推.地球物理学报,2001,44(1):103~111Zhang Y Z,Chu Z H,Li M,et al.An experimental study on acousticdispersion of rock and extrapolation of the velocity.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(1):103~111
[12]刘斌.不同围压下孔隙度不同的干燥及水饱和岩样中的纵横波速度及衰减.地球物理学报,1998,41(4):537~546Liu B.Compressional wave velocity and attenuation in dry and watersaturation samples with different porosity under different overburdenpressure.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(4):537~546
[13]沈联蒂,史讠哥.岩性、含油气性、有效覆盖压力对纵横波速度的影响.地球物理学报,1994,37(3):391~398Shen L D,Shi G.Effects of properties of rock and oil and gas andeffective pressure on compressional and shear wave velocities.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(3):391~398
[14]Batzle M,Wang Z,et al.Seismic properties of pore fluids.Geophysics,1992,57(11):1396~1408
[15]云美厚,易维启.孔隙流体地震特性的计算.石油物探,2001,40(2):13~20Yun M H,Yi W Q.Computation of seismic properties of pore fluids.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2001,40(2):13~20
[16]Wang Z.The Gassmann equation revisited:Comparing laboratorydata with Gassmann’s predictions.In:Wang Z,Nur A.Eds.Seismic and Acoustic Velocities in Reservoir Rocks,Vol.3:RecentDevelopment.Society of Exploration Geophysicists.2000,8~23
[17]Wang Z.Fundamentals of seismic rock physics.Geophysics,2001,66(2):398~412
[18]云美厚,易维启,庄红艳.砂岩中干岩石弹性模量与孔隙度、泥质含量、有效压力和温度的经验关系.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):308~314Yun M H,Yi W Q,Zhuang H Y.Empirical relationship amongelastic modulus,porosity,clay content,effective pressure andtemperature in dry core samples of sandstone.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2001,36(3):308~314
[19]云美厚,管志宁.储层条件下砂岩纵、横波速度的理论计算.石油物探,2002,41(3):289~298Yun M H,Guan Z N.The estimation of P and S-waves velocities insandstone under in-situ conditions.Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum(in Chinese),2002,41(3):289~298
[20]云美厚,管志宁,张国才.油藏注水开发对储层岩石速度和密度的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):280~286Yun M H,Guan Z N,Zhang G C.Effect of waterflood developmenton velocity and density of reservoir rock.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2002,37(3):280~286
[21]云美厚,杨凯,丁伟等.水驱4-D地震监测岩石物理基础研究综述.石油物探,2004,43(3):309~312Yun M H,Yang K,Ding W,et al.A review on rock physicalproperty study for 4-D seismic monitoring in water floodingreservoirs.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(3):309~312
[22]云美厚.油藏注水强化开采地震监测技术的研究与应用[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2001Yun M H.A study and application of seismic monitoring for reservoirwaterflood enhanced recovery[Ph.D.thesis].Beijing:ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,2001
[23]云美厚,管志宁.储层温压变化与油藏地震监测.地球物理学进展,2003,18(1):156~159Yun M H,Guan Z N.Variation of temperature and pressure inreservoir and seismic monitoring.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2003,18(1):156~159
[24]云美厚,张国富,张国才.温度与压力对注水地震监测的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):466~470Yun M H,Zhang G F,Zhang G C.Effects of temperature andpressure on seismic monitoring for waterflooding.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2001,36(4):466~470
[25]曹辉.油藏监测中的时延地震技术.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(5/6):342~348Cao H.Time-lapse seismic techniques in reservoir monitoring.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,26(5/6):342~348
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