城市灾害应急预案基本要素探讨
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摘要
目前,城市灾害管理正在逐渐受到各级政府的重视,为了有效地减轻城市灾害的损失,一些大中城市开始制定灾害应急预案。然而,在应该制定什么样的城市应急预案才能真正在救灾抢险中发挥最大作用等方面仍缺少必要的论证和探讨。文章从政府灾害应急救灾的基本程序入手,对城市灾害应急预案的基本要素进行了探讨,提出了城市灾害预测评价和防灾规划是制定城市灾害应急预案的基础,而灾害应急指挥系统、灾害情报体系、救灾抢险体系、应急医疗体系、应急避难体系和交通管理体系六大主要因素构成了城市灾害应急预案的基本要素。
Now it is beginning to enact an emergency plan in the metropolis to reduce city damage effectively. But, the discussion of what kind of emergency plan is useful in the measures is still insufficient. The fundamental element of the emergency plan was pointed out by this thesis from the point of view of the fundamental process of the governmental correspondence. A damage assumption and an area disaster plan are the preconditions of the emergency plan. The fundamental element of the emergency plan is composed by an emergency command system, a disaster information system, an urgent help system, an emergency medical system, an emergency evacuation system and a traffic control system.
Now it is beginning to enact an emergency plan in the metropolis to reduce city damage effectively. But, the discussion of what kind of emergency plan is useful in the measures is still insufficient. The fundamental element of the emergency plan was pointed out by this thesis from the point of view of the fundamental process of the governmental correspondence. A damage assumption and an area disaster plan are the preconditions of the emergency plan. The fundamental element of the emergency plan is composed by an emergency command system, a disaster information system, an urgent help system, an emergency medical system, an emergency evacuation system and a traffic control system.
引文
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[2]北京市人民政府.北京市突发公共事件总体应急预案.http://www.beijing.gov.cn/,《首都之窗》网站,2004.12.20.
[3]李保俊、袁艺等.中国自然灾害应急管理研究进展与对策[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(3):18-23.
[4]滕五晓.试论防灾规划与灾害管理体制的建立[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(3):1-7.
[5]小川和久.ロサンゼルス(LA)危机管理マニュアル[M].东京:株式会社集英社、1995年7月31日.
[6]熊谷良雄、田裕行、佐藤茂,阪神·淡路大震以降の紧急へのえ———都道府での地域防画の改と合防训练の改善[J].都市问题,Vol.91,No.6,Jun.2000,15-32.
[7]Asian Disaster Reduction Center,Disaster Emergency Management in China,Total Disaster Risk Management-Good Practices--[R],2005.1.
[8]丁石孙.城市灾害管理(灾害与社会管理专家论坛丛书)[M].北京:群言出版社,2004.
[9]姜立新、聂高众等.我国地震应急指挥技术体系初探[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(2):1-6.
[10]佐々淳行,自然害の危机管理———明日の危机を减せよ———[M].东京:株式会社ぎょうせい,2001.
[11]中央防会议,防基本画[M].内阁府政策统括官(防担当)编集,东京:财务省印刷局,2002.
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