三峡重点监视区构造地震与矿震时频谱特征分析
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摘要
基于三峡数字遥测地震台网记录的数字化波形资料,利用谱图时频分析方法,研究了三峡地区构造地震和矿震波谱的时频特征,发现二者的时频谱特征存在着明显的差异:1)构造地震波主频高于矿震;2)构造地震波的频率成分比矿震丰富,能量密度频谱随频率轴展布较宽,前者带宽是后者的4倍;3)矿震能量强度的峰值在整个波列中出现的时间较构造地震早,且能量衰减较快。
There are many kinds of earthquakes in the Three Gorges area,such as tectonic earthquake,mine earthquake,reservoir induced seismicity and so on.And different earthquakes have different characteristics. But as far as this area is concerned,the majority of the earthquakes belong to micro-earthquakes and small earthquakes,so it is comparatively more difficult to identify their causes and types. The Three Gorges seismic network is a very good platform,which offers us very good earthquake data to do some research on the identification.In this paper,time-frequency spectrum method is used to analyze the difference between tectonic earthquake and mine earthquake,and this is the first step.By comparison,it is found there is obvious difference between them.Firstly,the main frequency of mine earthquake wave is lower than that of tectonic earthquake.And the main frequency of the former mainly centers around 2.2Hz,however the latter is around 5.5Hz.Secondly,the frequency component of tectonic earthquake wave is more abundant than that of mine earthquake,the former's energy density spectrum spreads more broadly along frequency and time axes,being 4 times broader than the latter. And it has many frequency segments with intense energy.Thirdly,the maximum value of energy intensity of mine earthquake wave occurs in all wave train earlier than that of tectonic earthquake and the energy decays quickly.
There are many kinds of earthquakes in the Three Gorges area,such as tectonic earthquake,mine earthquake,reservoir induced seismicity and so on.And different earthquakes have different characteristics. But as far as this area is concerned,the majority of the earthquakes belong to micro-earthquakes and small earthquakes,so it is comparatively more difficult to identify their causes and types. The Three Gorges seismic network is a very good platform,which offers us very good earthquake data to do some research on the identification.In this paper,time-frequency spectrum method is used to analyze the difference between tectonic earthquake and mine earthquake,and this is the first step.By comparison,it is found there is obvious difference between them.Firstly,the main frequency of mine earthquake wave is lower than that of tectonic earthquake.And the main frequency of the former mainly centers around 2.2Hz,however the latter is around 5.5Hz.Secondly,the frequency component of tectonic earthquake wave is more abundant than that of mine earthquake,the former's energy density spectrum spreads more broadly along frequency and time axes,being 4 times broader than the latter. And it has many frequency segments with intense energy.Thirdly,the maximum value of energy intensity of mine earthquake wave occurs in all wave train earlier than that of tectonic earthquake and the energy decays quickly.
引文
曹肃朝.1993.构造地震和塌陷地震的特征分析[J].华北地震科学,11(3):52-61.
CAO Su-chao.1993.Analysis of the characteristics of tectonic earthquakes and collapse earthquakes[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,11(3):52- 61(in Chinese).
和雪松,李世愚,沈萍.2006.用小波包识别地震和矿震[J].中国地震,22(4):425-434.
HE Xue-song,LI Shi-yu,SHEN Ping.2006.A wavelet packet approach to wave classification of earthquakes and mining shocks[J].Earthquake Research in China,22(4):425-434(in Chinese).
胡昌华.2002.基于Matlab的系统分析与设计、时频分析[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.
HU Chang-hua.2002.The Time-frequency Analysis Based on System Analysis and Design of Matlab[M].Xidian University Press,Xi'an(in Chinese).
林怀存.1990.构造地震与塌陷地震的对比研究[J].地震学报,12(4):445-448.
LIN Huai-cun.1990.Comparative study of tectonic and collapse earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,12(4): 445- 448(in Chinese ).
刘希强,杜贻合,徐波,等.2005.区域矿震与地震的定量识别方法及其应用[J].中国地震,21(1):50-60.
LIU Xi-qiang,DU Yi-he,XU Bo,et al.2005.The mode identification method and its application to regional mine and nature earthquakes[J].Earthquake Research in China,21(1 ):50-60(in Chinese).
孙甲宁,夏爱国,苏乃秦.2005.地震和爆破时频域能量的分布特征对比[J].华南地震,25(2):68-74.
SUN Jia-ning,XIA Ai-guo,SU Nai-qin.2005.A contrastive study on energy distribution characteristics of earthquake and explosion in T-domain[J].South China Journal of Seismology,25(2):68-74(in Chinese).
张帆,钟羽云,朱新运,等.2006.时频分析方法及在地震波谱研究中的应用[J].地震地磁观测与研究,27(4): 17-22.
ZHANG Fan,ZHONG Yu-yun,ZHU Xin-yun,et al.2006.Application of time-frequency analysis to seismic wave spectrum research[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,27(4):17-22(in Chinese).
张萍,蒋秀琴,苗春兰,等.2005.爆破、矿震与地震的波谱差异[J].地震地磁观测与研究,26(3):24-34.
ZHANG Ping,JIANG Xiu-qin,MIAO Chun-lan,et al.2005.The differences of wave spectrum among explosion,mine tremor and earthquake[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,26(3 ):24-34(in Chinese ).
赵永,刘卫红,高艳玲.1995.北京地区地震、爆破和矿震的记录图识别[J].地震地磁观测与研究,16(4):48- 54.
ZHAO Yong,LIU Wei-hong,Gao Yan-ling.1995.Distinguishing earthquake,explosion and mine earthquake in Beijing area[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,16(4):48-54(in Chinese).
郑治真.1983.波谱分析基础[M].北京:地震出版社.
ZHENG Zhi-zhen.1993.Basis of Wave Spectrum Analysis[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
周昕,钟羽云,傅建武,等.2006.珊溪水库地震与构造地震波谱时-频特征的对比研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,26(4):86-91.
ZHOU Xin,ZHONG Yu-yun,FU Jian-wu,et al.2006.Contrast of time-frequency characteristics of wave spectrum between Shanxi reservoir induced earthquake and tectonic earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,26 (4):86-91(in Chinese).
CAO Su-chao.1993.Analysis of the characteristics of tectonic earthquakes and collapse earthquakes[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,11(3):52- 61(in Chinese).
和雪松,李世愚,沈萍.2006.用小波包识别地震和矿震[J].中国地震,22(4):425-434.
HE Xue-song,LI Shi-yu,SHEN Ping.2006.A wavelet packet approach to wave classification of earthquakes and mining shocks[J].Earthquake Research in China,22(4):425-434(in Chinese).
胡昌华.2002.基于Matlab的系统分析与设计、时频分析[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.
HU Chang-hua.2002.The Time-frequency Analysis Based on System Analysis and Design of Matlab[M].Xidian University Press,Xi'an(in Chinese).
林怀存.1990.构造地震与塌陷地震的对比研究[J].地震学报,12(4):445-448.
LIN Huai-cun.1990.Comparative study of tectonic and collapse earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,12(4): 445- 448(in Chinese ).
刘希强,杜贻合,徐波,等.2005.区域矿震与地震的定量识别方法及其应用[J].中国地震,21(1):50-60.
LIU Xi-qiang,DU Yi-he,XU Bo,et al.2005.The mode identification method and its application to regional mine and nature earthquakes[J].Earthquake Research in China,21(1 ):50-60(in Chinese).
孙甲宁,夏爱国,苏乃秦.2005.地震和爆破时频域能量的分布特征对比[J].华南地震,25(2):68-74.
SUN Jia-ning,XIA Ai-guo,SU Nai-qin.2005.A contrastive study on energy distribution characteristics of earthquake and explosion in T-domain[J].South China Journal of Seismology,25(2):68-74(in Chinese).
张帆,钟羽云,朱新运,等.2006.时频分析方法及在地震波谱研究中的应用[J].地震地磁观测与研究,27(4): 17-22.
ZHANG Fan,ZHONG Yu-yun,ZHU Xin-yun,et al.2006.Application of time-frequency analysis to seismic wave spectrum research[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,27(4):17-22(in Chinese).
张萍,蒋秀琴,苗春兰,等.2005.爆破、矿震与地震的波谱差异[J].地震地磁观测与研究,26(3):24-34.
ZHANG Ping,JIANG Xiu-qin,MIAO Chun-lan,et al.2005.The differences of wave spectrum among explosion,mine tremor and earthquake[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,26(3 ):24-34(in Chinese ).
赵永,刘卫红,高艳玲.1995.北京地区地震、爆破和矿震的记录图识别[J].地震地磁观测与研究,16(4):48- 54.
ZHAO Yong,LIU Wei-hong,Gao Yan-ling.1995.Distinguishing earthquake,explosion and mine earthquake in Beijing area[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,16(4):48-54(in Chinese).
郑治真.1983.波谱分析基础[M].北京:地震出版社.
ZHENG Zhi-zhen.1993.Basis of Wave Spectrum Analysis[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
周昕,钟羽云,傅建武,等.2006.珊溪水库地震与构造地震波谱时-频特征的对比研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,26(4):86-91.
ZHOU Xin,ZHONG Yu-yun,FU Jian-wu,et al.2006.Contrast of time-frequency characteristics of wave spectrum between Shanxi reservoir induced earthquake and tectonic earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,26 (4):86-91(in Chinese).
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