“5·12”汶川地震崩塌滑坡危险性评价——以都汶公路沿线为例
摘要
选择地震极重灾区(都汶公路沿线)作为研究区域,利用遥感影像解译和野外调查数据,采用信息量方法,分析地震崩塌滑坡对影响因子的敏感性,结合GIS技术评价地震崩塌滑坡的危险性。研究表明,都汶公路沿线最利于地震崩塌滑坡的条件为:(1)坡度:大于35°;(2)坡向:E,ES和S坡向;(3)坡面粗糙度:大于1.15;(4)距断层距离:5～20km;(5)土地利用类型:林地、灌木林地和疏林地;(6)地层岩性:元古代闪长岩、元古代斜长花岗岩、元古界玄武岩、安山岩、石炭系灰岩、泥灰岩和志留系灰绿色千枚岩及石灰岩,尤其是元古界玄武岩和安山岩。利用信息量综合因子叠加技术,对研究区域崩塌滑坡体进行危险性评价,并将其分为极高度危险区、高度危险区、中度危险区、轻度危险区以及基本无危险区。危险性评价结果表明:研究区域大部分处于中度危险区、高度危险区、极高度危险区,三者面积占总面积的70.34%,其中极高度危险区占到总面积的19.15%,范围较大,在公路修复和重新规划建设中应加强预防这些区域发生崩塌滑坡;基本无危险区范围较小,仅占总面积的11.81%;在分布特征上,极高度危险区和高度危险区主要分布在映秀至草坡河段上,草坡河至汶川段大部分处于轻度危险区及以下。研究结果可为震后公路恢复、重建及灾区重建提供科学指导与技术支持。
Dujiangyan—Wenchuan highway,the serious quake-hit area,was selected as the investigative object to assess the risks of collapses and landslides caused by "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake along the highway,and the sensitivities of collapses and landslides to their impact factors were analyzed by the method of information acquisition analysis. Then,based on remote sense image interpretation and field investigation data,the risks of these geo-hazards were assessed by GIS. The results show that collapses and landslides easily occurr under the following natural conditions:(1) slope gradient:>35°;(2) slope aspect:east,southeast and south;(3) surface roughness:>1.15;(4) the distance to the main fault:5–20 km;(5) land use type:forest,woodland and shrub forest;(6) stratum and lithology:proterozoic diorite,plagiogranite,basalt and andesite,carboniferous limestone and marl and Silurian gray green phyllite and limestone,especially the proterozoic basalt and andesite. The hazard assessment results were given in terms of overlaying the information value of each factor,and then the assessment results were divided into five grades:high intense risk zone,higher risk zone,moderate zone,light risk zone and no risk zone. It is found that the moderate,higher and high intense risk zones account for 70.34% of the study area,the high intense risk zone accounts for 19.15%,and no risk zone only accounts for 11.81%. The high intense and higher risk zones mainly distribute in the areas from Yingxiu to Caopo River and the light risk zone and below light risk zones mostly locate in the section of Caopo River—Wenchuan. The presented results provide a scientific basis for the prevention,elusion and mitigation of geo-hazards and support the recovery and reconstruction of Dujiangyan—Wenchuan highway.
Dujiangyan—Wenchuan highway,the serious quake-hit area,was selected as the investigative object to assess the risks of collapses and landslides caused by "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake along the highway,and the sensitivities of collapses and landslides to their impact factors were analyzed by the method of information acquisition analysis. Then,based on remote sense image interpretation and field investigation data,the risks of these geo-hazards were assessed by GIS. The results show that collapses and landslides easily occurr under the following natural conditions:(1) slope gradient:>35°;(2) slope aspect:east,southeast and south;(3) surface roughness:>1.15;(4) the distance to the main fault:5–20 km;(5) land use type:forest,woodland and shrub forest;(6) stratum and lithology:proterozoic diorite,plagiogranite,basalt and andesite,carboniferous limestone and marl and Silurian gray green phyllite and limestone,especially the proterozoic basalt and andesite. The hazard assessment results were given in terms of overlaying the information value of each factor,and then the assessment results were divided into five grades:high intense risk zone,higher risk zone,moderate zone,light risk zone and no risk zone. It is found that the moderate,higher and high intense risk zones account for 70.34% of the study area,the high intense risk zone accounts for 19.15%,and no risk zone only accounts for 11.81%. The high intense and higher risk zones mainly distribute in the areas from Yingxiu to Caopo River and the light risk zone and below light risk zones mostly locate in the section of Caopo River—Wenchuan. The presented results provide a scientific basis for the prevention,elusion and mitigation of geo-hazards and support the recovery and reconstruction of Dujiangyan—Wenchuan highway.
引文
[1]CUI P,CHEN X Q,ZHU Y Y,et al.The Wenchuan earthquake(12May2008),Sichuan Province,China,and resulting geo-hazards[J].Natural Hazards,2010.(to be published)
[2]CUI P,ZHU Y Y,HAN Y S,et al.The12May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes:distribution and preliminary risk evaluation[J].Landslide,2009,6(3):209–223.
[3]吉随旺,唐永建,胡德贵,等.四川省地震灾区国省干线公路典型震害特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1250–1260.(JI Suiwang,TANG Yongjian,HU Degui,et al.Analysis of typical seismic damages of highways in Wenchuan earthquake-induced hazard areas in Sichuan Province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1250–1260.(in Chinese))
[4]KEEFER D K.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(4):406–421.
[5]KEEFER D K.The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions[J].Geomorphology,1994,10(1–4):265–284.
[6]陈晓利,祁生文,叶洪.基于GIS的地震滑坡危险性的模糊综合评价研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(3):434–438.(CHEN Xiaoli,QI Shengwen,YE Hong.Fuzzy comprehensive study on seismic landslide hazard based on GIS[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2008,44(3):434–438.(in Chinese))
[7]王余庆,辛鸿博,高艳平,等.预测岩土边坡地震崩滑的综合指标法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(3):311–314.(WANG Yuqing,XIN Hongbo,GAO Yanping,et al.Study on comprehensive index method for predicting earthquake induced landslides[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(3):311–314.(in Chinese))
[8]唐川,朱静,张翔瑞.GIS支持下的地震诱发滑坡危险区预测研究[J].地震研究,2001,24(1):73–81.(TANG Chuan,ZHU Jing,ZHANG Xiangrui.GIS based earthquake triggered landslide hazard prediction[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2001,24(1):73–81.(in Chinese))
[9]GARCIA-RODRIGUEZ M J,MALPICA J A,BENITO B,et al.Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression[J].Geomorphology,2008,95(3–4):172–191.
[10]DUNNING S A,MITCHELL W A,ROSSER N J,et al.The Hattian Bala rock avalanche and associated landslides triggered by the Kashmir earthquake of8th October2005[J].Engineering Geology,2007,93(3–4):130–144.
[11]MAHDAVIFAR M R,SOLAYMANI S,JAFARI M K.Landslides triggered by the Avaj,Iran earthquake of June22,2002[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2–3):166–182.
[12]LIN M L,TUNG C C.A GIS-based potential analysis of the landslides induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake[J].Engineering Geology,2003,71(1–2):63–77.
[13]CHANG K J,TABOADA A,CHAN Y C,et al.Post-seismic surface processes in the Jiufengershan landslide area,1999Chi-Chi earthquake epicentral zone,Taiwan[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2–3):102–117.
[14]SHOU K J,WANG C F.Analysis of the Chiufengershan landslide triggered by the1999Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan[J].Engineering Geology,2003,68(3–4):237–250.
[15]光磊.基于GIS的信息量法在滑坡危险性评价中的应用[J].地质与资源,2005,14(3):231–233.(GUANG Lei.Application of the GIS-based information acquisition analysis in assessment of landslide hazards[J].Geology and Resources,2005,14(3):231–233.(in Chinese))
[16]高克昌,崔鹏,赵纯勇,等.基于地理信息系统和信息量模型的滑坡危险性评价——以重庆万州为例[J].岩石力学与工程学,2006,25(5):991–996.(GAO Kechang,CUI Peng,ZHAO Chunyong,et al.Landslide hazard evaluation of Wanzhou based on GIS information value method in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):991–996.(in Chinese))
[17]庄建琦,崔鹏,葛永刚,等.5.12汶川地震崩塌滑坡分布特征及影响因子评价[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(2):16–21.(ZHUANG jianqi,CUI Peng,GE Yonggang,et al.Distribution characteristics and impact factors assessment of collapses and landslides caused by5.12Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2002,28(2):16–21.(in Chinese))
[2]CUI P,ZHU Y Y,HAN Y S,et al.The12May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes:distribution and preliminary risk evaluation[J].Landslide,2009,6(3):209–223.
[3]吉随旺,唐永建,胡德贵,等.四川省地震灾区国省干线公路典型震害特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1250–1260.(JI Suiwang,TANG Yongjian,HU Degui,et al.Analysis of typical seismic damages of highways in Wenchuan earthquake-induced hazard areas in Sichuan Province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1250–1260.(in Chinese))
[4]KEEFER D K.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95(4):406–421.
[5]KEEFER D K.The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions[J].Geomorphology,1994,10(1–4):265–284.
[6]陈晓利,祁生文,叶洪.基于GIS的地震滑坡危险性的模糊综合评价研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(3):434–438.(CHEN Xiaoli,QI Shengwen,YE Hong.Fuzzy comprehensive study on seismic landslide hazard based on GIS[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2008,44(3):434–438.(in Chinese))
[7]王余庆,辛鸿博,高艳平,等.预测岩土边坡地震崩滑的综合指标法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(3):311–314.(WANG Yuqing,XIN Hongbo,GAO Yanping,et al.Study on comprehensive index method for predicting earthquake induced landslides[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2001,23(3):311–314.(in Chinese))
[8]唐川,朱静,张翔瑞.GIS支持下的地震诱发滑坡危险区预测研究[J].地震研究,2001,24(1):73–81.(TANG Chuan,ZHU Jing,ZHANG Xiangrui.GIS based earthquake triggered landslide hazard prediction[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2001,24(1):73–81.(in Chinese))
[9]GARCIA-RODRIGUEZ M J,MALPICA J A,BENITO B,et al.Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression[J].Geomorphology,2008,95(3–4):172–191.
[10]DUNNING S A,MITCHELL W A,ROSSER N J,et al.The Hattian Bala rock avalanche and associated landslides triggered by the Kashmir earthquake of8th October2005[J].Engineering Geology,2007,93(3–4):130–144.
[11]MAHDAVIFAR M R,SOLAYMANI S,JAFARI M K.Landslides triggered by the Avaj,Iran earthquake of June22,2002[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2–3):166–182.
[12]LIN M L,TUNG C C.A GIS-based potential analysis of the landslides induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake[J].Engineering Geology,2003,71(1–2):63–77.
[13]CHANG K J,TABOADA A,CHAN Y C,et al.Post-seismic surface processes in the Jiufengershan landslide area,1999Chi-Chi earthquake epicentral zone,Taiwan[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2–3):102–117.
[14]SHOU K J,WANG C F.Analysis of the Chiufengershan landslide triggered by the1999Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan[J].Engineering Geology,2003,68(3–4):237–250.
[15]光磊.基于GIS的信息量法在滑坡危险性评价中的应用[J].地质与资源,2005,14(3):231–233.(GUANG Lei.Application of the GIS-based information acquisition analysis in assessment of landslide hazards[J].Geology and Resources,2005,14(3):231–233.(in Chinese))
[16]高克昌,崔鹏,赵纯勇,等.基于地理信息系统和信息量模型的滑坡危险性评价——以重庆万州为例[J].岩石力学与工程学,2006,25(5):991–996.(GAO Kechang,CUI Peng,ZHAO Chunyong,et al.Landslide hazard evaluation of Wanzhou based on GIS information value method in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):991–996.(in Chinese))
[17]庄建琦,崔鹏,葛永刚,等.5.12汶川地震崩塌滑坡分布特征及影响因子评价[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(2):16–21.(ZHUANG jianqi,CUI Peng,GE Yonggang,et al.Distribution characteristics and impact factors assessment of collapses and landslides caused by5.12Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2002,28(2):16–21.(in Chinese))
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心