昆仑8.1级地震对青藏高原东北缘地壳形变场的影响
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摘要
根据震源区及其附近地震前后的形变观测数据以及震后考察结果,用Okada模型反演发震断层模型参数,模拟2001年11月14日昆仑8.1级地震的同震位移,获得扣除同震形变后的速度场。结果表明:1)昆仑8.1级地震对青藏高原东北缘西部地壳变形影响显著,同震位移在德令哈一带可达40mm左右;2)用这种方法得到的速度场比GPS原始速度场能更真实地反映地震后区域地壳运动状态和应变状态。
The seismic fault parameters can be inversed with Okada model based on the deformation data before and after earthquakes in the focal region and its adjacent area.Co-seismic displacements are simulated by use of these parameters and then the regional velocity field is obtained by deducting the co-seismic displacements from the GPS observation displacements.We processed and analyzed the data in northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau observed during 2001-2003 in two steps: firstly,simulated the displacements generated by Kunlun Ms{8.1 earthquake occurred in 2001 in this region,and then obtained the horizontal crustal velocity field by deducting the co-seismic displacements.The results reveal: 1) the effect of Kunlun Ms8.1 earthquake on the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau is obvious;2) the velocity field obtained with this method is better than the original GPS velocity field for reflecting the status of regional crustal movements and strain.
The seismic fault parameters can be inversed with Okada model based on the deformation data before and after earthquakes in the focal region and its adjacent area.Co-seismic displacements are simulated by use of these parameters and then the regional velocity field is obtained by deducting the co-seismic displacements from the GPS observation displacements.We processed and analyzed the data in northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau observed during 2001-2003 in two steps: firstly,simulated the displacements generated by Kunlun Ms{8.1 earthquake occurred in 2001 in this region,and then obtained the horizontal crustal velocity field by deducting the co-seismic displacements.The results reveal: 1) the effect of Kunlun Ms8.1 earthquake on the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau is obvious;2) the velocity field obtained with this method is better than the original GPS velocity field for reflecting the status of regional crustal movements and strain.
引文
1 Herring TA.Global Kalman filter VLBI and GPS an analysisprogram version 4.10[M].Cambridge:Massachusetts Insti-tute of Technology,2000.
2 Dong D L.QOCA software online manu[M].http://gipsy.jpl.nasa.gov/qoca.
3 Okada Yoshimitsu Y.Surface deformation due to shear andtensile faults in a half-space[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1985,75(4):1 135-1 154.
4 Pollitz F F.Post-seismic relaxation theory on the sphericalEarth[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1992,82:422-453.
5 Pollitz F F.Gravitational viscoelastic postseismic relaxationon a layered spherical Earth[J].J.Geophysics Res.,1997,102:17 921-17 941.
6 King R W and Bock Y.Documentation for the GAMIT GPSan analysis software version 10.3[M].Cambridge:Massa-chusetts Institute of Technology,2000.7万永革,等.用GPS和水准测量资料反演2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震的同震滑动分布[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):397-404.
7 Wan Yongge,et al.Co-seismic slip distribution of the 2001west of Kunlun mountain pass earthquake inverted by GPSand leveling data[J].Seismilogy and Geology,2004,26(3):397-404.(in Chinese)
8陈杰,等.2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震地表破裂带[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(6):629-639.8 Chen Jie,et al.Surface rupture zones of the 2001 earthquakeMs 8.1 west of Kunlun Pass in northern Qinghai-TibetPlateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,23(6):629-639.(inChinese)
9徐锡伟,等.2001年11月14日昆仑山库赛湖地震(Ms8.1)地表破裂带的基本特征[J].地震地质,2002,24(1):1-13.9 Xu Xiwei,et al.Characteristics features of the surface rup-tures of the Ku Sai Hu(Kunlunshan)earthquake(Ms8.1),northern Tibetan plateau,China[J].Seismology and Geolo-gy,2002,24(1):1-13.(in Chinese)
10中国地震局监测预报司.2001年昆仑山口西8.1级大地震[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.10 Department of Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction,CEA.The 2001Ms8.1 large earthquake,west of the Kunlun pass[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2002.(in Chinese)
11单新建,李建华,马超.SPOT和IKONOS影像在昆仑山口西8.1级地震中的应用研究[J].地震地质,2005,27(1):147-152.11 Shan Xinjian,Li Jianhua and Ma Chao.Application ofSPOTand IKONOS images to the study of the west of kun-lunshan pass earthquake(Ms 8.1)[J].Seismology andGeology,2005,27(1):147-152.(in Chinese)
12张晓亮,等.昆仑山口西Ms8.1地震同震形变场的模拟分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(2):16-20.12 Zhang Xiaoliang,et al.Simulation and analysis of co-seis-mic deformation field ofMs8.1 earthquake in western kun-lun mountain pass[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynam-ics,2007,27(2):16-20.(in Chinese)
13谭凯,王琪,申重阳.用大地测量数据反演2001年昆仑山地震[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(3):47-50.13 Tan Kai,Wang Qi and Shen chunyang.Using geodetic datato inverse co-seismic dislocation of2001 Kunlun earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(3):47-50.(in Chinese)
14杨云峰,苏志勋,胡金燕.一种保持边缘特征的图像插值方法[J].中国图象图形学报,2005,10(10):1 249-1251.14 Yang Yunfeng,Su zhixun and Hu Jinyan.A new edge-holding algorithm of image interpolation[J].Journal of Im-age and Graphic,2005,10(10):1 249-1 251.(in Chi-nese)
15杨少敏,等.用双三次样条函数和GPS资料反演现今中国大陆构造形变场[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2OO2,22(1):68-72.15 Yang Shaomin,et al.Contemporary horizontal tectonic de-formation fields in China inversed from GPS observations[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2002,22(1):68-72.(in Chinese)
16陶本藻.自由网平差与变形分析[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2001.16 Tao Benzao.Adjustment of free net and analysis of deform-ation[M].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,2001.(in Chinese)
17崔笃信,等.甘青块体东西部运动分界带的确定[J].大地测量与地球动力学.2007,27(1):24-30.17 Cui Duxin,et al.Determination of movement boundary beltof Gansu-Qinghai block[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geo-dynamics,2007,27(1):24-30.(in Chinese)
2 Dong D L.QOCA software online manu[M].http://gipsy.jpl.nasa.gov/qoca.
3 Okada Yoshimitsu Y.Surface deformation due to shear andtensile faults in a half-space[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1985,75(4):1 135-1 154.
4 Pollitz F F.Post-seismic relaxation theory on the sphericalEarth[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1992,82:422-453.
5 Pollitz F F.Gravitational viscoelastic postseismic relaxationon a layered spherical Earth[J].J.Geophysics Res.,1997,102:17 921-17 941.
6 King R W and Bock Y.Documentation for the GAMIT GPSan analysis software version 10.3[M].Cambridge:Massa-chusetts Institute of Technology,2000.7万永革,等.用GPS和水准测量资料反演2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震的同震滑动分布[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):397-404.
7 Wan Yongge,et al.Co-seismic slip distribution of the 2001west of Kunlun mountain pass earthquake inverted by GPSand leveling data[J].Seismilogy and Geology,2004,26(3):397-404.(in Chinese)
8陈杰,等.2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震地表破裂带[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(6):629-639.8 Chen Jie,et al.Surface rupture zones of the 2001 earthquakeMs 8.1 west of Kunlun Pass in northern Qinghai-TibetPlateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,23(6):629-639.(inChinese)
9徐锡伟,等.2001年11月14日昆仑山库赛湖地震(Ms8.1)地表破裂带的基本特征[J].地震地质,2002,24(1):1-13.9 Xu Xiwei,et al.Characteristics features of the surface rup-tures of the Ku Sai Hu(Kunlunshan)earthquake(Ms8.1),northern Tibetan plateau,China[J].Seismology and Geolo-gy,2002,24(1):1-13.(in Chinese)
10中国地震局监测预报司.2001年昆仑山口西8.1级大地震[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.10 Department of Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction,CEA.The 2001Ms8.1 large earthquake,west of the Kunlun pass[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2002.(in Chinese)
11单新建,李建华,马超.SPOT和IKONOS影像在昆仑山口西8.1级地震中的应用研究[J].地震地质,2005,27(1):147-152.11 Shan Xinjian,Li Jianhua and Ma Chao.Application ofSPOTand IKONOS images to the study of the west of kun-lunshan pass earthquake(Ms 8.1)[J].Seismology andGeology,2005,27(1):147-152.(in Chinese)
12张晓亮,等.昆仑山口西Ms8.1地震同震形变场的模拟分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(2):16-20.12 Zhang Xiaoliang,et al.Simulation and analysis of co-seis-mic deformation field ofMs8.1 earthquake in western kun-lun mountain pass[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynam-ics,2007,27(2):16-20.(in Chinese)
13谭凯,王琪,申重阳.用大地测量数据反演2001年昆仑山地震[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(3):47-50.13 Tan Kai,Wang Qi and Shen chunyang.Using geodetic datato inverse co-seismic dislocation of2001 Kunlun earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(3):47-50.(in Chinese)
14杨云峰,苏志勋,胡金燕.一种保持边缘特征的图像插值方法[J].中国图象图形学报,2005,10(10):1 249-1251.14 Yang Yunfeng,Su zhixun and Hu Jinyan.A new edge-holding algorithm of image interpolation[J].Journal of Im-age and Graphic,2005,10(10):1 249-1 251.(in Chi-nese)
15杨少敏,等.用双三次样条函数和GPS资料反演现今中国大陆构造形变场[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2OO2,22(1):68-72.15 Yang Shaomin,et al.Contemporary horizontal tectonic de-formation fields in China inversed from GPS observations[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2002,22(1):68-72.(in Chinese)
16陶本藻.自由网平差与变形分析[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2001.16 Tao Benzao.Adjustment of free net and analysis of deform-ation[M].Beijing:Surveying and Mapping Press,2001.(in Chinese)
17崔笃信,等.甘青块体东西部运动分界带的确定[J].大地测量与地球动力学.2007,27(1):24-30.17 Cui Duxin,et al.Determination of movement boundary beltof Gansu-Qinghai block[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geo-dynamics,2007,27(1):24-30.(in Chinese)
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