汶川大地震陇东黄土高原崩塌滑坡的调查分析
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摘要
通过对甘肃省庆阳市、平凉市5.12汶川大地震地质灾害实地调查,发现此次地震造成的崩塌和滑坡,以小型为主,数量众多,主要分布在现代侵蚀沟边缘部位的断崖和陡坡上。地震在塬面、缓坡丘陵和川台地上所造成的崩塌,与窑洞住宅和采矿业的分布基本一致。此次地震虽未造成大中型崩塌和滑坡,但对该地环境的影响不能忽视——可改变微地貌、使未来几年内的土壤流失量有所增加等。认为在黄土高原地区,地震烈度到达Ⅳ度以上,就会引起较为严重的重力侵蚀。对于我国地震高发区之一的黄土高原而言,探讨水土流失的成因时,须要关注地震的影响。
This paper is based on the field investigation of the geological disaster that caused by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in Qingyang City and Pingliang City,Gansu Province.It is found that the earthquake-induced collapses and landslides are charcterized by small type and large number and are mainly distributed at the of the edges of modern erosion ditch;The earthquake-induced landslides distributed in the tableland surface,gentle slope hills and tableland of the valley,is consistent with the cave dwelling and the engineering construction.Although this earthquake has not caused large or medium-sized landslip,we cnnont neglect the influence of its natural environment,which may change the micro physiognomy and increase the soil erosion etc.in the next few years.It indicates that it will cause more serious gravity erosion once the earthquake intensity over degree Ⅳ in the Loess Plateau area,which slightly has the difference from the former general recognition.For the Loess Plateau that is one of the frequent earthquake areas in China,effects of the earthquakes need to be considered when the genesis of soil erosion discussed.
This paper is based on the field investigation of the geological disaster that caused by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in Qingyang City and Pingliang City,Gansu Province.It is found that the earthquake-induced collapses and landslides are charcterized by small type and large number and are mainly distributed at the of the edges of modern erosion ditch;The earthquake-induced landslides distributed in the tableland surface,gentle slope hills and tableland of the valley,is consistent with the cave dwelling and the engineering construction.Although this earthquake has not caused large or medium-sized landslip,we cnnont neglect the influence of its natural environment,which may change the micro physiognomy and increase the soil erosion etc.in the next few years.It indicates that it will cause more serious gravity erosion once the earthquake intensity over degree Ⅳ in the Loess Plateau area,which slightly has the difference from the former general recognition.For the Loess Plateau that is one of the frequent earthquake areas in China,effects of the earthquakes need to be considered when the genesis of soil erosion discussed.
引文
[1]Liu D S,et al.Loess and Environment.Beijing:Science Press,1985,30.
[2]http://www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/_content/08_08/29/1219979564089.html
[3]http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/shakemap/global/shake/2008ryan/
[4]Chen Y M,Shi Y C,Liu H M,et al.Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors Analysis of Seismic Loess Landslides.Earthquake Research in China,2005,21(2):235-243.
[5]Yao Q L.Distribution Characteristics and Macroscopic Influencing Factors of Seismic Loess Landslides in Northwest China.Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research,2007,30(1):41-47.
[6]Chen Y Z,Jing K,Cai Q G.Contemporary Soil Erosion and Management of Loess Plateau.Beijing:Science Press,1988,95-96.
[7]Zhang Z Z.Seismic Loessal Disaster Prediction.Beijing:Earthquake Publishing House,1999.24-26,79-95.
[8]Zou J C,Shao S M,Jiang R F.Distribution and Tectonic Implications on the Gulang Seismic Landslide.Earthquake Research in China,2005,21(2):168-174.
[9]Wang J D,Zhang Z Y.A Study on the Mechanism of High-Speed Loess Landslide Induced by Earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999(6):670-674.
[1]刘东生,等著.黄土与环境.北京:科学出版社,1985.30.
[4]陈永明,石玉成,刘红玫,等.黄土地区地震滑坡的分布特征及其影响因素分析.中国地震,2005,21(2),235～243.
[5]姚清林.中国西北黄土地区地震崩滑的分布与宏观影响因素.气象与减灾研究,2007,30(1),41～47.
[6]陈永宗,景可,蔡强国.黄土高原现代侵蚀与治理.北京:科学出版社,1988.95～96.
[7]张振中.黄土地震灾害预测.北京:地震出版社,1999.24～26,79～95.
[8]邹谨敞,邵顺妹,蒋荣发.古浪地震滑坡与断裂带的关系.中国地震,1994,10(2),168～174.
[9]王家鼎,张倬元.地震诱发高速黄土滑坡的机理研究.岩土工程学报,1999,21(6),670～674.
[2]http://www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/_content/08_08/29/1219979564089.html
[3]http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/shakemap/global/shake/2008ryan/
[4]Chen Y M,Shi Y C,Liu H M,et al.Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors Analysis of Seismic Loess Landslides.Earthquake Research in China,2005,21(2):235-243.
[5]Yao Q L.Distribution Characteristics and Macroscopic Influencing Factors of Seismic Loess Landslides in Northwest China.Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research,2007,30(1):41-47.
[6]Chen Y Z,Jing K,Cai Q G.Contemporary Soil Erosion and Management of Loess Plateau.Beijing:Science Press,1988,95-96.
[7]Zhang Z Z.Seismic Loessal Disaster Prediction.Beijing:Earthquake Publishing House,1999.24-26,79-95.
[8]Zou J C,Shao S M,Jiang R F.Distribution and Tectonic Implications on the Gulang Seismic Landslide.Earthquake Research in China,2005,21(2):168-174.
[9]Wang J D,Zhang Z Y.A Study on the Mechanism of High-Speed Loess Landslide Induced by Earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999(6):670-674.
[1]刘东生,等著.黄土与环境.北京:科学出版社,1985.30.
[4]陈永明,石玉成,刘红玫,等.黄土地区地震滑坡的分布特征及其影响因素分析.中国地震,2005,21(2),235～243.
[5]姚清林.中国西北黄土地区地震崩滑的分布与宏观影响因素.气象与减灾研究,2007,30(1),41～47.
[6]陈永宗,景可,蔡强国.黄土高原现代侵蚀与治理.北京:科学出版社,1988.95～96.
[7]张振中.黄土地震灾害预测.北京:地震出版社,1999.24～26,79～95.
[8]邹谨敞,邵顺妹,蒋荣发.古浪地震滑坡与断裂带的关系.中国地震,1994,10(2),168～174.
[9]王家鼎,张倬元.地震诱发高速黄土滑坡的机理研究.岩土工程学报,1999,21(6),670～674.
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