地震导致饮水安全问题与应对策略
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摘要
目的了解受灾地区居民饮用水供水方式变化、集中式供水单位设备受损情况,评价受灾地区居民饮用水安全性,探讨地震灾害对饮用水安全的影响及对策。方法调查地震前后灾区居民饮用水供水方式、覆盖人口数变化等情况;对重灾区水厂采取访谈和现场查看的方法收集供水设施受损、消毒、管理等信息;对监测点水样进行检测并与灾前监测资料进行比较。结果震前供水方式为分散式供水及小型集中式供水,震后采用大型集中式、水车、分散式、小型集中式4种供水方式;28个水厂全部受损;地震前后出厂水、末梢水和分散式供水多个检测指标有差异。结论地震前后居民供水方式发生较大变化,地震使水厂受损严重,出厂水、水厂末梢水及分散式供水水样部分监测指标合格率下降。
Objective To study the modes of drinking water supply and the situation of centralized water supply systems and to evaluate the sanitation of drinking water in a serious disaster area after earthquake.Methods The imformation of drinking water supply mode and population coverage were studied before and after the earthquake.Damage,disinfection and management of water supply facilities were collected.The date were compared with the samples before earthquake.Results Before the earthquake,water supply modes were decentralized water supply andsmall-scale centralized water supply.After earthquake,water supply modes were large centralized water supply,water tankers,distributed water supply,small-scale centralized water supply.All of the 28 waterworks were damaged in the earthquake.The qualified rate of drinking water dropped in some monitoring indicators after the earthquake.Conclusions Water supply modes changed greatly after the earthquake.Waterworks were damaged severely.After the earthquake,the quality of drinking water dropped.
Objective To study the modes of drinking water supply and the situation of centralized water supply systems and to evaluate the sanitation of drinking water in a serious disaster area after earthquake.Methods The imformation of drinking water supply mode and population coverage were studied before and after the earthquake.Damage,disinfection and management of water supply facilities were collected.The date were compared with the samples before earthquake.Results Before the earthquake,water supply modes were decentralized water supply andsmall-scale centralized water supply.After earthquake,water supply modes were large centralized water supply,water tankers,distributed water supply,small-scale centralized water supply.All of the 28 waterworks were damaged in the earthquake.The qualified rate of drinking water dropped in some monitoring indicators after the earthquake.Conclusions Water supply modes changed greatly after the earthquake.Waterworks were damaged severely.After the earthquake,the quality of drinking water dropped.
引文
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[2]李树猷,潘顺昌,孙凤英,等.减轻地震灾害的饮水卫生应急措施[J].中国公共卫生,1998(09):548-550.
[3]刘斌,陈俊,杜慧兰,等.2008年地震后成都市重灾区饮用水监测结果分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2010(01):34-36.
[4]黄汝明.地震灾害后的饮水卫生工作体会[J].华南预防医学,2008(04):33-34.
[5]杜慧兰,李明川,马晓军,等“.5.12”特大地震后成都饮水安全保障的紧急应对及反思[J].现代预防医学,2011(03):427-429.
[6]鲁波,徐韬,李镒冲,等.四川地震灾区某市生活用水调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2009(04):358.
[7]康增云,王华,冯玉民,等.地震灾害后农村饮水问题及应对措施[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009(S1):115-119.
[8]李明川,张涛,杜慧兰,等.成都市地震灾害后饮水卫生安全的应急措施[J].预防医学情报杂志,2008(12):933-934.
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