基于易损性分析的桁架桥传感器布设方法
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摘要
灾害或材料性能的退化其结构使用功能下降,为了有效地管理大型复杂结构并减少灾害的损失,结构健康监测系统的研发成为目前国际社会研究的热点。传感器的布设不仅决定着监测系统性能的好坏而且还影响着系统的造价与维护成本。该文从传感器布设的常用方法入手,提出了一种基于结构易损性分析的传感器布设方法。它基于构件刚度的重要性系数,通过其与冗余度的关系来搜索、确定结构的失效模式,并提出采用结构应变能来评价失效模式的损伤需求,进而确定最易损结构失效路径,据此布置传感器。最后通过一个桁架桥算例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。研究发现,所提出的方法是可行的、有效的。
To manage a large-scale complex structure effectively and reduce damage lost induced by disasters and structural material deterioration,it is nowadays a focus to investigate and develop a large structural health monitoring(SHM) system.Sensor arrangement takes an important role in the SHM system due to its characteristics not only depending on the system performance but also impacting on the management cost.In this paper,the sensor arrangement methods used commonly were introduced firstly,and then a novel sensor arrangement method based on structural vulnerability analysis was proposed.In which,the important factors of members are calculated first,and the redundancy of each members is obtained by the relation of the redundancy and important factor;then the failure modes are searched and determined by the redundancy;afterwards the strain energy of a structure is presented to evaluate the damage demand of a failure mode;consequently the fragility failure path is determined;furthermore,the sensors are arranged based on the fragility failure path.A truss bridge model was validated the proposed method finally.The results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.
To manage a large-scale complex structure effectively and reduce damage lost induced by disasters and structural material deterioration,it is nowadays a focus to investigate and develop a large structural health monitoring(SHM) system.Sensor arrangement takes an important role in the SHM system due to its characteristics not only depending on the system performance but also impacting on the management cost.In this paper,the sensor arrangement methods used commonly were introduced firstly,and then a novel sensor arrangement method based on structural vulnerability analysis was proposed.In which,the important factors of members are calculated first,and the redundancy of each members is obtained by the relation of the redundancy and important factor;then the failure modes are searched and determined by the redundancy;afterwards the strain energy of a structure is presented to evaluate the damage demand of a failure mode;consequently the fragility failure path is determined;furthermore,the sensors are arranged based on the fragility failure path.A truss bridge model was validated the proposed method finally.The results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.
引文
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[7]李戈,秦权,董聪.用遗传算法选择悬索桥监测系统中传感器的最优布点[J].工程力学,2000,17(1):25―34.Li Ge,Qin Quan,Dong Cong.Optimal placement of sensors for monitoring systems on suspension bridges using genetic algorithms[J].Engineering Mechanics,2000,17(1):25―34.(in Chinese)
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[9]李宁,杨博,姜绍飞.基于构件重要性系数的结构易损性分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2010,29(1):83―86.Li Ning,Yang Bo,Jiang Shaofei.Vulnerability analysis method based on the important factors of members[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2010,29(1):83―86.(in Chinese)
[10]吕大刚,王光远.基于可靠度和灵敏度的结构局部地震易损性分析[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(4):157―162.Lu Dagang,Wang Guangyuan.Local seismic fragility analysis of structures based on reliability and sensitivity[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2006,15(4):157―162.(in Chinese)
[11]柳承茂,刘西拉.基于刚度的构件重要性评估及其与冗余度的关系[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(5):746―750.Liu Chengmao,Liu Xila.Stiffness-based evaluation of component importance and its relationship with redundancy[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005,39(5):746―750.(in Chinese)②③7 1 2 3
[2]张启伟,袁万城,范立础.大型桥梁结构安全监测的研究现状与发展[J].同济大学学报,1997,25(增刊):76―81.Zhang Qiwei,Yuan Wancheng,Fan Lichu.Stat-of-the-art and development on safety monitoring of large-scale structures[J].Journal of Tongji University,1997,25(Supplement):76―81.(in Chinese)
[3]Kammer D C.Sensor placement for on-orbit modal identification and correlation of large space structures[J].Journal of Guidance,Control and Dynamics,1991,14(2):251―259.
[4]Guyan R J.Reduction of stiffness and mass matrices[J].AIAA Journal,1965,3(2):23.
[5]Papadopoulos M,Garcia E.Sensor placement methodologies for dynamic testing[J].AIAA Journal,1998,36(2):256―263.
[6]左云,陈明宪,赵跃宇.桥梁健康监测及传感器的优化布置[J].公路,2004,4(4):90―94.Zuo Yun,Chen Mingxian,Zhao Yueyu.Health monitoring of bridges and optimal arrangement of sensors[J].Highway,2004,4(4):90―94.(in Chinese)
[7]李戈,秦权,董聪.用遗传算法选择悬索桥监测系统中传感器的最优布点[J].工程力学,2000,17(1):25―34.Li Ge,Qin Quan,Dong Cong.Optimal placement of sensors for monitoring systems on suspension bridges using genetic algorithms[J].Engineering Mechanics,2000,17(1):25―34.(in Chinese)
[8]崔飞,袁万城,史家钧.传感器优化布设在桥梁健康监测中的应用[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),1999,27(2):165―169.Cui Fei,Yuan Wancheng,Shi Jiajun.Application of optimal sensor placement on health monitoring for bridges[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),1999,27(2):165―169.(in Chinese)
[9]李宁,杨博,姜绍飞.基于构件重要性系数的结构易损性分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2010,29(1):83―86.Li Ning,Yang Bo,Jiang Shaofei.Vulnerability analysis method based on the important factors of members[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2010,29(1):83―86.(in Chinese)
[10]吕大刚,王光远.基于可靠度和灵敏度的结构局部地震易损性分析[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(4):157―162.Lu Dagang,Wang Guangyuan.Local seismic fragility analysis of structures based on reliability and sensitivity[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2006,15(4):157―162.(in Chinese)
[11]柳承茂,刘西拉.基于刚度的构件重要性评估及其与冗余度的关系[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(5):746―750.Liu Chengmao,Liu Xila.Stiffness-based evaluation of component importance and its relationship with redundancy[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005,39(5):746―750.(in Chinese)②③7 1 2 3
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