开挖引起断层活化对井巷围岩的变形破坏
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摘要
断层作为岩体内的低强度带,受开挖影响常常产生活化现象。经验表明,断层活化会对井巷围岩产生较为强烈的变形和破坏作用。通过对受断层影响的竖井和巷道变形、破坏的理论和数值分析,结果表明:断层的活化会引起断层处井壁的水平应力和剪应力增大,严重时会造成竖井破坏,这不同于无断层时岩移造成的竖井破坏;断层附近开挖时,断层的活化,易造成或加重巷道偏压灾害;此外,巷道轴线与断层走向一致并且地应力以铅直应力为最大主应力时,最容易引起断层滑移活化导致巷道围岩产生开裂、塌方等破坏。因此,对断层活化灾害的研究可为合理的工程设计与施工以及工程设施安全性的预测预报提供依据。
Faults are the low intensity belt in rockmass and can often be activated by excavation.The experience indicates that fault activation may lead to strong deformation and destruction of mine workings.The theoretical and numerical analysis of the fault-induced deformation and destruction of mine workings shows that fault activation may augment the horizontal stress and shear stress of the shaft sidewall at the fault,and may destroy the shaft in serious case,which is different from the shaft failure caused by rock displacement without the existence of a fault.The excavation near a fault may lead to the fault activation,which is likely to cause or intensify the partial load on tunnels.When the tunnel axis is consistent with the fault strike and the vertical stress is the maximum principal stress,it is likely to lead to the tunnel rock cracking,collapse and other damages.Therefore,the research on fault activation-caused disasters can be helpful to underground engineering design,construction and safety forecasting for engineering facilities.
Faults are the low intensity belt in rockmass and can often be activated by excavation.The experience indicates that fault activation may lead to strong deformation and destruction of mine workings.The theoretical and numerical analysis of the fault-induced deformation and destruction of mine workings shows that fault activation may augment the horizontal stress and shear stress of the shaft sidewall at the fault,and may destroy the shaft in serious case,which is different from the shaft failure caused by rock displacement without the existence of a fault.The excavation near a fault may lead to the fault activation,which is likely to cause or intensify the partial load on tunnels.When the tunnel axis is consistent with the fault strike and the vertical stress is the maximum principal stress,it is likely to lead to the tunnel rock cracking,collapse and other damages.Therefore,the research on fault activation-caused disasters can be helpful to underground engineering design,construction and safety forecasting for engineering facilities.
引文
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[2]李文秀,赵胜涛,梁旭黎,等·鲁中矿区地下开采对竖井井塔楼的影响分析[J]·岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(1):74-78·
[3]孟凡森,郑庆学,杨中东·立井变形监测与治理[J]·中国煤田地质,2004,16(supp l):59-75·
[4]郑爱珍.井巷工程破坏原因分析与防护[J].中国矿业,2002,11(6):68-69·
[5]Bruneaua G·Tylerb D·B·Hadjigeorgioua J,et al·Influence of faul-ting on a mine shaft a case study:part I-background and instru-mentation[J]·International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min-ing Sciences,2003,40:95-111.
[6]Bruneaua G,Hudymab M R,Hadjige orgioua J,et al·Influence of faulting on a mine shaft a case study:part II-numerical modeling[J]·International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sci-ences,2003,40:113-125.
[7]徐嘉谟·金川矿山边坡岩体工程地质力学[M]·北京:地震出版社,1998·
[8]宋卫东,赵增山,王浩·断层破碎带与采准巷道围岩作用机理模拟研究[J]·金属矿山,2004(2):11-13.
[9]南世卿,赵兴东·断层影响下矿柱稳定性数值分析[J]·金属矿山,2005(3):28-30.
[10]王兴明,付玉华,张耀平·矿房与矿柱稳定性的断层影响数值模拟研究[J]·金属矿山,2006(12):13-17.
[11]王经明,董暑宁,吕玲,等·采矿对断层的扰动及水文地质效应[J]·煤炭学报,1997,22(4):361-364·
[12]李晓昭,罗国煜,陈忠胜·地下工程突水的断裂变形活化导水机制[J]·岩土工程学报,2002,24(6):695-700·
[13]蒋建平,章杨松,阎长虹,等·地下工程中岩移的断层效应探讨[J]·岩石力学与工程学报,2002,20(8):1257-1262·
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