克希霍夫叠前时间偏移技术在复杂构造带地震资料处理中的应用
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摘要
在辽河盆地东部凹陷中部的A区块地下构造复杂,以往的资料虽然反应了该区的整体面貌,但断裂带的成像效果不是很好,为此,开展了叠前时间偏移处理技术研究.详细介绍了保福克希霍夫叠前时间偏移的原理和数据的预处理,讨论了主要的偏移参数的测试和选取方法,通过Deregowski循环法和百分比偏移扫描速度建立和优化速度模型.处理结果表明,该区三维叠前偏移剖面较常规三维叠后偏移剖面有明显改善.
The area studied is located in the central segment of the eastern subbasin of the Liaohe oilfield.Athough the seismic profile processed before reflects the whole configuration,its imaging effect is not very perfectable.So we develop prestack time migration.We introduce the theory of Kirchhoff PSTM and pre-process steps for PSTM,discussing the primary testing and choice methods of PSTM parameters.We use the Deregowski iterative method and the different percent velocity scanning of PSTM to create and improve the velocity model.The result demonstrates that the method of Kirchhoff PSTM has improved the seismic profile greatly.
The area studied is located in the central segment of the eastern subbasin of the Liaohe oilfield.Athough the seismic profile processed before reflects the whole configuration,its imaging effect is not very perfectable.So we develop prestack time migration.We introduce the theory of Kirchhoff PSTM and pre-process steps for PSTM,discussing the primary testing and choice methods of PSTM parameters.We use the Deregowski iterative method and the different percent velocity scanning of PSTM to create and improve the velocity model.The result demonstrates that the method of Kirchhoff PSTM has improved the seismic profile greatly.
引文
[1]姚继峰,廖兴明,于天欣.辽河盆地构造分析[J].断块油气田,1995,2(5):21~26.Yao J F,Liao X M,Yu T X.Structure analysis about LiaoheBasin[J].Fault-block Oil&Gas Field,1995,2(5):21~26.
[2]张延玲,杨长春,等.辽河油田东部凹陷中段走滑断层与油气的关系[J].地质通报,2006,25(10):1152~1155.Zhang Y L,Yang C C,et al.Relationship between strike-slipfaults and petroleum in the central segment of the eastern sub-basin of the Liaohe oilfield China[J].Geological Bulletin ofChina,2006,25(10):1152~1155.
[3]马在田.地震成像技术[M]北京:石油工业出版社,1989.Ma Z T.Seismic imaging techniques[M].Beijing:Publishedby Petroleum Industry Press,1989.
[4]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.Yu S P.High-resolution seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Published by Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[5]马在田.三维地震勘探数据处理的问题及其解决方法[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(1):99~107.Ma Z T.On the problems of 3-D seismic data processing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1988,31(1):99~107.
[6]王华忠,徐蔚亚等.DMO和叠前时间偏移的共同起点[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):224~229.Wang H Z,Xu W Y,et al.The same start of DMO and pres-tack time migration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1988,31(1):99~107.
[7]陈伟,方伍宝.偏移成像技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,2(6):451~462.Chen W,Fang W B.Migration and imaging techniques[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,1988,31(1):99~107.
[8]刘喜武,刘洪.波动方程地震偏移成像方法的现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(4):582~591.Liu X W,Liu H.Status and progress on wave equation migra-tion methods[J].Progress In Geophysics,2002,17(4):582~591.
[9]方伍宝,等.叠前深度偏移在复杂地区的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):68~71.Fang W B,et al.Application of prestack depth migration incomplex areas[J].2003,42(1):68~71.
[10]Yilmaz.Seismic data analysis:processing,inversion,and in-terpretation of seismic data[M].Tulsa:SEG,2001.
[11]膝佃波,汪鹏程,等.利用叠前KirchhOff积分偏移识别小断裂与低幅度构造[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1035~1038.Teng D B,Wang P C,et al.The identification of small faultsand low-amplitude structures by utilizing prestack Kirchhoffintegral migration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1035~1038.
[12]王锡文,秦广胜,刘向东,等.叠前偏移技术在中原复杂断块区的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1092~1098.Wang X W,Qin G S,Liu X D,et al.The application of pre-stack migration technique in complex Fault-blocks of Zhong-Yuan oilfield[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1092~1098.
[13]杨长春,刘兴材,等.地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3):409~415.Yang C C,Liu X C,et al.A methodology for seismic pres-tack depth migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1996,39(3):409~415.
[14]崔兴福,张关泉,吴雅丽.三维非均匀介质中真振幅地震偏移算子研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):509~513.Cui X F,Zhang G Q,Wu Y L.True amplitude seismic mi-gration operator in 3D heterogeneous medium[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2004,47(3):509~513.
[15]陈新荣.叠前时间偏移成像质量影响因素探讨[J].油气地球物理,2007,3(5),40~44.Chen X R.Discussion on influencing factors of PSTM ima-ging quality[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2007,3(5),40~44.
[16]张颖.三维地震叠前时间偏移处理技术应用与展望[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(5):536~541.Zhang Y.Application and prospect of 3D seismic pre-stacktime migration processing technique[J].Petroleum Explora-tion and Development,2006,33(5):536~541.
[17]樊卫花,杨长春,等.三维地震资料叠前时间偏移应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):836~842.Fan W H,Yang C C,et al.Application of prestack time mi-gration for three dimensional seismic data[J].Progress inGeophysics,2007,22(3):836~842.
[18]李幼铭.面向油气勘探开发提高地震偏移及属性刻画水平[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):198~210.Li Y M.Improving the level of Seismic waves migration andattribute's description in face of exploration and exploitation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(2):198~210.
[19]孟凡冰,等.叠前时间偏移在三维连片处理中的应用实例[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(3):211~215.Meng F B,et al.Application of prestack time migration indata processing for piecing together various 3-D data sets[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2003,26(3):211~215.
[20]马丽娟,郑和荣,陈霞.隐蔽油气藏地震预测技术研究新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):294~300.Ma L J,Zheng H R,Chen X.The new progress of seismicforecast technology of subtle traps[J].Progress in Geophys-ics,2007,22(1):294~300.
[21]金胜汶,陈必远,马在田.三维波动方程有限差分正演方法[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(6):804~809.Jin S W,Chen B Y,Ma Z T.Three-dimensional wave equa-tion forward modeling by the finite-difference method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics.1994,37(6):804~809.
[22]薛国强,李貅,底青云.瞬变电磁法理论与应用研究进展[J]地球物理学进展,2007,22(04):1195~1199.Xue G Q,Li X,Di Q Y.The progress of TEM in theory andapplication[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(4):1195~1199.
[23]徐升,杨长春,等.射线追踪的微变网格方法[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(1):97~102.Xu S,Yang C C,et al.A grid-changeable method for raytracing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1996,39(1):97~102.
[24]秦义龙,等.利用单频双程波动方程计算初至走时及其振幅.地球物理学报[J].2005,48(2):423~428.Qin Y L,et al.First-arrival travel time and amplitude calcu-lation from monochromatic two-way wave equation in fre-quency domain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(2):423~428.
[25]刘喜武,刘洪,刘彬.反假频非均匀地震数据重建方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2):299~305.Liu X W,Liu H,Liu B.A study on algorithm for recon-struction of de-alias uneven seismic data[J].Chinese Journalof Geophysics,2004,47(2):299~305.
[26]匡斌,王华忠,季玉新,等.任意复杂介质中主能量法地震波走时计算[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):394~398.Kuang B,Wang H Z,Ji Y X,et al.Main energy travel timecalculation in arbitrary velocity distribution[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2005,48(2):394~398.
[27]杨长春,等.百分比扫描偏移速度分析[A].见:复式油气田论文集(2002)[C].北京:石油工业出版社.Yang C C,et al.migration velocity analysis with percent ofvelocity[A].Thesis collections of multiple-trap oil-gas field(2002)[C].Beijing:Published by Petroleum Industry Press.
[28]陈志德,刘桭宽,李成斌.三维叠前深度偏移速度分析及蒙卡洛自动层速度拾取[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):246~254.Chen Z D,Liu Z K,Li C B.3-D Pre-stack depth migrationvelocity analysis and automatic montecarlo velocity picking indepth[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(2):246~254.
[29]李振春,媱云霞,马在田,等.波动方程法共成像点道集偏移速度建模[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):86~93.Li Z C,Yao Y X,Ma Z T,et al.Common imaging pointgather migration velocity modeling based on wave equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(1):86~93.
[30]王成祥,赵波,张关泉.地下复杂介质地震处理中的CFP技术[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):30~34.Wang C X,Zhao B,Zhang G Q.The CFP technology in seis-mic processing of complex media[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(3):30~34.
[31]李景叶,陈小宏,芮振华.基于匹配滤波的多次波压制方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):200~206.Li J Y,Chen X H,Rui Z H.Study on multiple attenuationmethod based on match filter[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(1):200~206.
[32]何际平,鲁烈琴,王红旗.复杂地区速度场建立与变速构造成图方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2003,21(3):167~172.He J P,Lu L Q,Wang H Q.Methodology of establishingvelocity field and velocity variant depth Mapping[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics,2003,21(3):167~172.
[2]张延玲,杨长春,等.辽河油田东部凹陷中段走滑断层与油气的关系[J].地质通报,2006,25(10):1152~1155.Zhang Y L,Yang C C,et al.Relationship between strike-slipfaults and petroleum in the central segment of the eastern sub-basin of the Liaohe oilfield China[J].Geological Bulletin ofChina,2006,25(10):1152~1155.
[3]马在田.地震成像技术[M]北京:石油工业出版社,1989.Ma Z T.Seismic imaging techniques[M].Beijing:Publishedby Petroleum Industry Press,1989.
[4]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.Yu S P.High-resolution seismic exploration[M].Beijing:Published by Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[5]马在田.三维地震勘探数据处理的问题及其解决方法[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(1):99~107.Ma Z T.On the problems of 3-D seismic data processing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1988,31(1):99~107.
[6]王华忠,徐蔚亚等.DMO和叠前时间偏移的共同起点[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):224~229.Wang H Z,Xu W Y,et al.The same start of DMO and pres-tack time migration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1988,31(1):99~107.
[7]陈伟,方伍宝.偏移成像技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,2(6):451~462.Chen W,Fang W B.Migration and imaging techniques[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,1988,31(1):99~107.
[8]刘喜武,刘洪.波动方程地震偏移成像方法的现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(4):582~591.Liu X W,Liu H.Status and progress on wave equation migra-tion methods[J].Progress In Geophysics,2002,17(4):582~591.
[9]方伍宝,等.叠前深度偏移在复杂地区的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):68~71.Fang W B,et al.Application of prestack depth migration incomplex areas[J].2003,42(1):68~71.
[10]Yilmaz.Seismic data analysis:processing,inversion,and in-terpretation of seismic data[M].Tulsa:SEG,2001.
[11]膝佃波,汪鹏程,等.利用叠前KirchhOff积分偏移识别小断裂与低幅度构造[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1035~1038.Teng D B,Wang P C,et al.The identification of small faultsand low-amplitude structures by utilizing prestack Kirchhoffintegral migration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1035~1038.
[12]王锡文,秦广胜,刘向东,等.叠前偏移技术在中原复杂断块区的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1092~1098.Wang X W,Qin G S,Liu X D,et al.The application of pre-stack migration technique in complex Fault-blocks of Zhong-Yuan oilfield[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1092~1098.
[13]杨长春,刘兴材,等.地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3):409~415.Yang C C,Liu X C,et al.A methodology for seismic pres-tack depth migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1996,39(3):409~415.
[14]崔兴福,张关泉,吴雅丽.三维非均匀介质中真振幅地震偏移算子研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):509~513.Cui X F,Zhang G Q,Wu Y L.True amplitude seismic mi-gration operator in 3D heterogeneous medium[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2004,47(3):509~513.
[15]陈新荣.叠前时间偏移成像质量影响因素探讨[J].油气地球物理,2007,3(5),40~44.Chen X R.Discussion on influencing factors of PSTM ima-ging quality[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2007,3(5),40~44.
[16]张颖.三维地震叠前时间偏移处理技术应用与展望[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(5):536~541.Zhang Y.Application and prospect of 3D seismic pre-stacktime migration processing technique[J].Petroleum Explora-tion and Development,2006,33(5):536~541.
[17]樊卫花,杨长春,等.三维地震资料叠前时间偏移应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):836~842.Fan W H,Yang C C,et al.Application of prestack time mi-gration for three dimensional seismic data[J].Progress inGeophysics,2007,22(3):836~842.
[18]李幼铭.面向油气勘探开发提高地震偏移及属性刻画水平[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):198~210.Li Y M.Improving the level of Seismic waves migration andattribute's description in face of exploration and exploitation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(2):198~210.
[19]孟凡冰,等.叠前时间偏移在三维连片处理中的应用实例[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(3):211~215.Meng F B,et al.Application of prestack time migration indata processing for piecing together various 3-D data sets[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2003,26(3):211~215.
[20]马丽娟,郑和荣,陈霞.隐蔽油气藏地震预测技术研究新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):294~300.Ma L J,Zheng H R,Chen X.The new progress of seismicforecast technology of subtle traps[J].Progress in Geophys-ics,2007,22(1):294~300.
[21]金胜汶,陈必远,马在田.三维波动方程有限差分正演方法[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(6):804~809.Jin S W,Chen B Y,Ma Z T.Three-dimensional wave equa-tion forward modeling by the finite-difference method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics.1994,37(6):804~809.
[22]薛国强,李貅,底青云.瞬变电磁法理论与应用研究进展[J]地球物理学进展,2007,22(04):1195~1199.Xue G Q,Li X,Di Q Y.The progress of TEM in theory andapplication[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(4):1195~1199.
[23]徐升,杨长春,等.射线追踪的微变网格方法[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(1):97~102.Xu S,Yang C C,et al.A grid-changeable method for raytracing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1996,39(1):97~102.
[24]秦义龙,等.利用单频双程波动方程计算初至走时及其振幅.地球物理学报[J].2005,48(2):423~428.Qin Y L,et al.First-arrival travel time and amplitude calcu-lation from monochromatic two-way wave equation in fre-quency domain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(2):423~428.
[25]刘喜武,刘洪,刘彬.反假频非均匀地震数据重建方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(2):299~305.Liu X W,Liu H,Liu B.A study on algorithm for recon-struction of de-alias uneven seismic data[J].Chinese Journalof Geophysics,2004,47(2):299~305.
[26]匡斌,王华忠,季玉新,等.任意复杂介质中主能量法地震波走时计算[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):394~398.Kuang B,Wang H Z,Ji Y X,et al.Main energy travel timecalculation in arbitrary velocity distribution[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geophysics,2005,48(2):394~398.
[27]杨长春,等.百分比扫描偏移速度分析[A].见:复式油气田论文集(2002)[C].北京:石油工业出版社.Yang C C,et al.migration velocity analysis with percent ofvelocity[A].Thesis collections of multiple-trap oil-gas field(2002)[C].Beijing:Published by Petroleum Industry Press.
[28]陈志德,刘桭宽,李成斌.三维叠前深度偏移速度分析及蒙卡洛自动层速度拾取[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):246~254.Chen Z D,Liu Z K,Li C B.3-D Pre-stack depth migrationvelocity analysis and automatic montecarlo velocity picking indepth[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(2):246~254.
[29]李振春,媱云霞,马在田,等.波动方程法共成像点道集偏移速度建模[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):86~93.Li Z C,Yao Y X,Ma Z T,et al.Common imaging pointgather migration velocity modeling based on wave equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(1):86~93.
[30]王成祥,赵波,张关泉.地下复杂介质地震处理中的CFP技术[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):30~34.Wang C X,Zhao B,Zhang G Q.The CFP technology in seis-mic processing of complex media[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(3):30~34.
[31]李景叶,陈小宏,芮振华.基于匹配滤波的多次波压制方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):200~206.Li J Y,Chen X H,Rui Z H.Study on multiple attenuationmethod based on match filter[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(1):200~206.
[32]何际平,鲁烈琴,王红旗.复杂地区速度场建立与变速构造成图方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2003,21(3):167~172.He J P,Lu L Q,Wang H Q.Methodology of establishingvelocity field and velocity variant depth Mapping[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics,2003,21(3):167~172.
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