青藏高原的现今地壳活动性
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摘要
古近纪以来,印度板块与欧亚大陆的碰撞和持续的俯冲作用,造成了青藏高原强烈的陆内变形,引起了古造山带的复活;同时也使高原前陆盆地和内部的一些中小型盆地内数百米至数千米厚的新生代地层发生褶皱和冲断,遍布全区的逆冲推覆构造、走滑断裂和活动褶皱,在区域性的北东—南西向的构造应力作用下,导致高原地壳缩短加厚和整体向东滑移。高原的抬升是整体地、间歇性地、不均速地隆升。它经历了古近纪缓慢抬升—新近纪末至更新世快速抬升—全新世地壳振荡运动频繁的三个阶段。自7M a至今,青藏高原累计抬高了3000~3500 m,喜马拉雅山从古地中海崛起以来,至少上升了5000m。现代地热、地震发生,至今没有停止活动。
The collision between Indian plate and Eurasian continent and its continuous subduction have resulted in severe intra-continental deformation in Tibetan plateau since the Paleogene period,leading to a revival of the paleo-orogenic belt,which,in turn,making the Cenozoic strata(hundreds to thousands of meters in thickness and located in foreland basins and in middle-to-small sized basins of the plateau) be folded and thrust.Further more,thrust nappe structures,strik-slip faults,and active folds all over the study area make the crust shortened and eastward slipped as a whole under the NE-SW structural stress.The uplift of the plateau as a whole is discontinuous and uneven,undergoing three stages: a slow uplift in Paleogene,a fast uplift from the end of Neogene to Pleistocene epoch,and a frequent crust oscillatory movement in Holocene epoch.The Tibetan plateau has been uplifted by 3 km to 3.5 km during the last 7 Ma and the Himalaya uplifted by at least 5 km since its rising from the lower mediterranean.In addition,geothermal activity and earthquake keep frequently taking place.
The collision between Indian plate and Eurasian continent and its continuous subduction have resulted in severe intra-continental deformation in Tibetan plateau since the Paleogene period,leading to a revival of the paleo-orogenic belt,which,in turn,making the Cenozoic strata(hundreds to thousands of meters in thickness and located in foreland basins and in middle-to-small sized basins of the plateau) be folded and thrust.Further more,thrust nappe structures,strik-slip faults,and active folds all over the study area make the crust shortened and eastward slipped as a whole under the NE-SW structural stress.The uplift of the plateau as a whole is discontinuous and uneven,undergoing three stages: a slow uplift in Paleogene,a fast uplift from the end of Neogene to Pleistocene epoch,and a frequent crust oscillatory movement in Holocene epoch.The Tibetan plateau has been uplifted by 3 km to 3.5 km during the last 7 Ma and the Himalaya uplifted by at least 5 km since its rising from the lower mediterranean.In addition,geothermal activity and earthquake keep frequently taking place.
引文
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HU Daogong,WU Zhonghai,WU Zhenhan,et al.LateQuaternary paleoseismic history on the Kusai lakesegment of east Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibet[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(1):27-34.
ZHAO Xitao,ZHANG Yongshuang,QU Yongxin,et al.Pleistocene glaciations along the western foot of theYulong mountains and their relationship with theformation and devolopment of the Jinsha river[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(1):35-44.
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张进,马宗晋.西藏高原西、中、东的分段性及其意义[J].地质学报,2004,78(2):218-227.
何顺东,丁林,吴根耀,等.藏南格仁错地区孜桂错断裂的第四纪活动及其构造意义[J].地质科学,2002,37(1):8-12.
廖志杰,张振国.西藏南部地热[J].地质论评,1989,35(4):366-373.
伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,等.帕米尔-西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):260-271.
姚海涛,赵志中,乔彦松,等.四川冕宁昔格达组磁性地层学初步研究及意义[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(1):74-84.
黎兵,李勇,张开均,等.青藏高原东缘晚新生代大邑砾岩的物源分析与水系变迁[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(1):64-73.
孙建博,陈刚,章辉若,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造事件的峰值年龄及其沉积响应[J].西北地质,2006,39(3):91-96.
周荣军,叶友清,李勇,等.理塘断裂带沙湾段的晚第四纪活动性[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(1):45-53.
王二七,周勇,陈智木梁,等.东喜马拉雅缺口的地质与地貌成因[J].地质科学,2001,36(1):122-128.
胡道功,吴中海,吴珍汉,等.东昆仑断裂带库赛湖段晚第四纪古地震研究[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(1):27-34.
赵希涛,张永双,曲永新,等.玉龙山西麓更新世冰川作用及其与金沙江河谷发育的关系[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(1):35-44.
曹兴山,屈君霞,赫明林,等.甘肃第四纪地层的划分[J].甘肃地质学报,2004,13(1):16-37.
YUAN Daoyang,ZHANG Peizhen,LIU Baichi,et al.Geometrical imagery and tectonic transformation of lateQuaternary active tectonies in northeastern margin ofQinghai-Tibet plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(2):270-278.
ZHANG Jin,MA Zongjin.East-west segmentation of theTibetan plateau and its lmplication[J].Acta GeologicaSinica,2004,78(2):218-227.
HE Shundong,DING Lin,WU Genyao,et al.Quaternaryactivity of Ziguicuo fault in Gayringco area,southTibet and its tectonic implications[J].Chinese Journalof Geology,2002,37(1):8-12.
LIAO Zhijie,ZHANG Zhenguo.Geothermics of southernTibet[J].Geological Review,1989,35(4):366-373.
WU Xiufang,LIU Sheng,WANG Xin,et al.Analysis onstructural sections in the Cenozoic Pamir-westernKunlun foreland fold-and-thrust belt[J].ChineseJournal of Geology,2004,439(2):260-271.
YAO Haitao,ZHAO Zhizhong,QIAO Yansong,et al.Magneto strati graphic dating of the Xigeda formationin Mianning Sichuan and its significance[J].QuaternarySciences,2007,27(1):74-84.
LI Bing,LI Yong,ZHANG Kaijun,et al.Provenance of thesilicidstic rocks of the late Cenozoic dayiformation anddrainage change at eastern margin of the Tibetanplateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(1):64-73.
SUN Jianbo,CHEN Gang,ZHANG Huiruo,et al.Peakages and sedimentary responses of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic events in ordos basin[J].Northwestern Geology,2006,39(3):91-96.
ZHOU Rongjun,YE Youging,LI Yong,et al.Late-Quaterrlery activity of the shawan segment of theLiang faulte[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(1):45-53.
WANG Erqi,ZHOU Yong,CHEN Zhiliang,et al.Geologicand geomorphic origins of the east himalayan gap[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2001,36(1):122-128.
HU Daogong,WU Zhonghai,WU Zhenhan,et al.LateQuaternary paleoseismic history on the Kusai lakesegment of east Kunlun fault zone in northern Tibet[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(1):27-34.
ZHAO Xitao,ZHANG Yongshuang,QU Yongxin,et al.Pleistocene glaciations along the western foot of theYulong mountains and their relationship with theformation and devolopment of the Jinsha river[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(1):35-44.
GAO Xingshan,QU Junxin,HE Minglin,et al.Thedivision of Quaterary stratigaphic in Gansu[J].ActaGeologica Gansu,2004,13(1):16-37.
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