基于地壳双层结构假设的大陆强震孕震机制探讨
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摘要
通过对地壳低速高导层和地震震源深度等有关资料的分析研究,在对地震发生前兆、特征及物理机制研究的基础上,初步提出了一个简单的地壳双层孕震模式:地壳存在有两层孕震结构,上层为主孕震层,是地震应力集中积聚和发震后释放应变能的地方,主要是岩石发生脆性变形层,深度在中上地壳范围内;下层为低速高导层,是诱发和加强上层脆性层岩石变形、应变能积累和破裂的主要因素之一,处于岩石脆—韧性变形的过渡带,强震的发生与本层有着密切的关系,深度在中下地壳范围内。同时基于该双层孕震假设讨论了强震的孕育环境及作用。
Through detailed analyses for available data concerning low-velocity and high conductive layer beneath the crust and seismic depths,based on the studying of seismic precursors,characteristics and physical mechanisms,a simple double-storey seismogenic hypothesis of the crust for continental strong shocks is preliminarily presented in this paper.The upper layer in mid-upper crust is main earthquake pregnant layer where stress concentrats and strain energy releases in earthquakes events,and is a brittle deformation layer of rocks.The lower one in mid-lower crust with high conductive and low velocity of P wave,is believed that it is one of the most important factors inducing and enhancing brittle deformation,strain energy cumulation and crack in the upper rocks.The latter layer locates in a transitional zone of rock deformation from brittle to ductile,which is closely associated with the occurrence of strong shocks.Meanwhile,seismogenic environment and significance for strong shocks based on the double-storey pattern are discussed in paper.
Through detailed analyses for available data concerning low-velocity and high conductive layer beneath the crust and seismic depths,based on the studying of seismic precursors,characteristics and physical mechanisms,a simple double-storey seismogenic hypothesis of the crust for continental strong shocks is preliminarily presented in this paper.The upper layer in mid-upper crust is main earthquake pregnant layer where stress concentrats and strain energy releases in earthquakes events,and is a brittle deformation layer of rocks.The lower one in mid-lower crust with high conductive and low velocity of P wave,is believed that it is one of the most important factors inducing and enhancing brittle deformation,strain energy cumulation and crack in the upper rocks.The latter layer locates in a transitional zone of rock deformation from brittle to ductile,which is closely associated with the occurrence of strong shocks.Meanwhile,seismogenic environment and significance for strong shocks based on the double-storey pattern are discussed in paper.
引文
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[23]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
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[25]刘俊来,岛田充彦.大陆地壳多震层成因与一个新的地壳断层带模式[J].科学通报,2000,45(10):1085-1091.
[2]郭增建,秦保燕,徐文耀,等.震源孕育模式的初步讨论[J].地球物理学报,1973,16(1):43-48.
[3]Nur A.D ilatancy,pore flu ids and premon itory variations of ts/tptravel tim es[J].Bu ll.Seism.Soc.Am er.,1972,62(5):1217-1222.
[4]W h itcomb J H,Garmany J D,Anderson D L.Earthquake pred ic-tion:a physical basis[J].Science,1973,181:803-809.
[5]Scholtz C H,Sykes L R,Aggrawal Y P.Earthquake pred iction:aphysical basis[J].Science,1973,181:803-809.
[6]Myachk in V I,B race W F,Sobolev G A.Two models for earth-quake forerunners[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,1975,113(1-2):169-182.
[7]牛志仁.构造地震的前兆理论[J].地球物理学报,1978,21(3):199-212.
[8]梅世蓉.地震前兆场物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(一)[J].地震学报,1995,17(3):273-282.
[9]车用太,刘五洲,鱼金子,等.板内强震的中地壳硬夹层孕震与流体促震假设[J].地震学报,2000,22(1):93-101.
[10]顾芷鹃,郭才华,李彪,等.壳内低速高导体成因的初步探讨[J].中国科学B辑,1995,25(1):108-112.
[11]马宗晋,薛峰.中国大陆地震深度分布与“易震层”初探[J].地震科学研究,1983,3:43-46.
[12]段星北.中国地震震源深度的地理分布[J].地震学报,1997,19(6):590-599.
[13]陈立军.中国地震震源深度与强震活动状态研究[J].地震地质,2000,22(4):360-370.
[14]张国民,汪素云,李丽,等.中国大陆地震震源深度及其构造含义[J].科学通报,2002,47(9):663-668.
[15]石耀霖,朱守彪.中国大陆震源机制深度变化反映的地壳-地幔流变特征[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(3):359-365.
[16]徐常芳.地壳内高导层成因、高温高压下卤水物态及其电导率(二)[J].地震学报,1996,18(3):352-357.
[17]施锦,刘耀炜,高安泰.甘肃天水强震多发区中地壳低速高导体的成因探讨[J].地震研究,2004,27(4):318-321.
[18]卢造,姜德禄,白云,等.东北地区地壳上地幔结构的探测与研究[J].东北地震研究,2005,21(1):1-8.
[19]高平.中国华北地区壳内低速高导层(体)成因模式的探讨[J].中国地震,1997,13(3):223-232.
[20]杨文采.全球流体通道网[J].地球物理学报,1998,45(5):621-652.
[21]杨晓松,金振民.壳内部分熔融低速层及其研究意义[J].地球物理学进展,1998,13(3),38-45.
[22]姜本鸿,袁登维,吴玉华.壳内低速层与地震活动关系[J].地质科技情报,1992,11(4):9-15.
[23]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[24]Hyndman R D,W ang K.Thermal constraints on the zone ofma-jor thrust earthquake failure:The Cascad ia subduction zone[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1993,98:2039-2060.
[25]刘俊来,岛田充彦.大陆地壳多震层成因与一个新的地壳断层带模式[J].科学通报,2000,45(10):1085-1091.
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