云南虎跳峡“滑石板”岩质滑坡的基本特征与成因
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摘要
1996年10月28日云南虎跳峡左岸发生"滑石板"顺层岩质滑坡。滑坡体呈不规则菱形,长800多m、宽250m、厚30多m,体积不小于500万m~3,高速下滑300多m入金沙江,并堵江成坝。通过详细野外调查和室内资料对比分析,发现该段斜坡系由内外两层结构组成,内层为原生节理的层状结构,外层为节理裂隙化松散结构。揭示了虎跳峡滑石地段斜坡发生滑坡的复杂成因机制,认为该滑坡是在玉龙—哈巴雪山断块强烈隆升背景下,地震、降雨和深切峡谷的强卸荷改造等地球内、外部动力耦合作用的结果。最后对该段斜坡的稳定性进行了初步评价,认为将来还可能再次发生类似岩质顺层滑坡,其周期长短则受内外动力的联合控制。
Plate type rock landslide occurred on the 28~(th),October 1996 to the left bank of Hutiao-Gorges,Yunnan, just 267 days after the M.7.0 Lijiang earthquake on 3~(rd),February 1996.The landslide is about 800 meters long, 250 meters wide and 30 meter thick,appearing rhombus in geometry.The total 5,000,000 cube meters rock slid for about 300 meters into the Jinsha River and temporarily blocked the river.Through carefully field investigation and indoor data analysis,the principal characteristics and complex formation mechanism of the landslide is dis- cussed in the paper.It is found that the slope there consists of two layers of rock mass,the outer jointed and fis- sured loose rock and the inner original joint sandwich integrate rock.The paper put forwards that the landslide re- sults from the Coupling of the earth's endogenic and exogenic action,such as the strong uplift of Yulong-Haba block,seismic activities,strong unloading of alteration of deep-cut gorge and rainfall.Lastly,stability of the seg- ment is preliminarily analysized and evaluated.It is believed that landslides similar to 1996 plate type rock land- slide will occur periodically on the segment of the left bank of Hutiao-Gorges in the future.The periodicity is con- trolled by the coupling of the earth's endogenic and exogenic action.
Plate type rock landslide occurred on the 28~(th),October 1996 to the left bank of Hutiao-Gorges,Yunnan, just 267 days after the M.7.0 Lijiang earthquake on 3~(rd),February 1996.The landslide is about 800 meters long, 250 meters wide and 30 meter thick,appearing rhombus in geometry.The total 5,000,000 cube meters rock slid for about 300 meters into the Jinsha River and temporarily blocked the river.Through carefully field investigation and indoor data analysis,the principal characteristics and complex formation mechanism of the landslide is dis- cussed in the paper.It is found that the slope there consists of two layers of rock mass,the outer jointed and fis- sured loose rock and the inner original joint sandwich integrate rock.The paper put forwards that the landslide re- sults from the Coupling of the earth's endogenic and exogenic action,such as the strong uplift of Yulong-Haba block,seismic activities,strong unloading of alteration of deep-cut gorge and rainfall.Lastly,stability of the seg- ment is preliminarily analysized and evaluated.It is believed that landslides similar to 1996 plate type rock land- slide will occur periodically on the segment of the left bank of Hutiao-Gorges in the future.The periodicity is con- trolled by the coupling of the earth's endogenic and exogenic action.
引文
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[2]黄润秋．中国西部地区典型岩质滑坡机理研究[J]．地球科学进展，2004，19(3)：443-450．
[3]夏金梧，周乐群，胡宗云．金沙江虎跳峡河段水电开发中存在的主要地质问题[J]．人民长江，1997，28(12)：29-31．
[4]唐川，黄楚兴，万晔．云南省丽江大地震及其诱发的崩塌滑坡灾害特征[J]．自然灾害学报，1997，6(3)：76-84．
[5]刘衡秋，胡瑞林，曾如意．云南虎跳峡两家人松散堆积体的基本特征及成因探讨[J]．第四纪研究，2005，25(1)：100-106．
[6]潘裕生．横断山区地质构造分区[J]．山地研究，1939，7(1)：3-12．
[7]张西娟，曾庆利，马寅生．玉龙—哈巴雪山断块差异隆升的基本特征及其地质灾害效应[J]．中国地质，2006(5)：75-82．
[8]苏生瑞，王士天，王兰生．丽江地震区应力场研究[J]．地质论评，2004，50(1)：57-64．
[9]韩竹军，虢顺民，向宏发，等．1996年2月3日云南丽江7．0级地震发生的构造环境[J]．地震学报，2004，26(4)：410-418．
[10]谷德振．岩体工程地质力学基础[M]．北京：科学出版社，1979：271-290．
[11]张家声，韩竹军．滇西北玉龙-哈巴雪山的递进变形、FT年代和区域构造联系[M]//马宗晋．青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学．北京：地震出版社，2001：136-147．
[12]冯学才．永登5．8级地震的震害与环境工程地质[J]．甘肃科学学报，1996，8(2)：60-63．
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