猫儿山小鲵(Hynobius maoershanensis)繁殖期生境选择
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摘要
在广西猫儿山自然保护区的山顶湖、三江源、野人湖等地区,基于植被类型、水体类型、岸边条件、卵袋悬挂物、水中覆盖物、人为干扰程度等20种生境因子,通过61个样方(26个选择样方和35个对照样方),对猫儿山小鲵繁殖期的生境选择做进行了研究,并得出以下4个主要结论:(1)在基于描述型生态因子的研究中,结果显示选择样方与对照样方在水体类型、岸边条件、水中覆盖物3种因子上差异显著,而植被类型、卵袋悬挂物、人为干扰程度3种生态因子对其生境选择无显著影响。(2)基于14种数值型生态因子的研究结果显示,选择样方和对照样方间的植被盖度、水体面积、水体流速和水底泥沙比方面具有显著差异。植被盖度较低、水体面积较大的水域、水体流速低和水底泥沙比较低的水域是猫儿山小鲵的优选繁殖地。(3)基于14种数值型生态因子的逐步判别表明,通过植被盖度和水底泥沙比2个生态因子可分辨选择样方和对照样方,正确判别率达80.3%,且对于检验也具有最大的贡献值,分别为0.840和0.622。(4)对猫儿山小鲵卵袋对数和14种数值型生态因子的逐步回归分析结果显示猫儿山小鲵在繁殖期生境选择与地表湿度显著正相关,与植被盖度呈显著负相关,高地表湿度和低植被盖度对猫儿山小鲵的产卵量起促进作用。猫儿山小鲵繁殖期间偏好的微生境为较低植被盖度、较大面积水体和较低流速、低水底泥沙、多水中覆盖物、复杂岸边条件的静水型水塘,与选择偏好的微生境相关的生态因子是猫儿山小鲵繁殖期生境选择的主要因子。
Habitat selection by Hynobius maoershanensis was performed during the reproductive period in Maoershan Natural Reserve in Guangxi, including Peak Lake, Three Rivers, and Savage Lake. Sixty-one plots were randomly set up, with egg bags for the selected plots and no egg bags for the control plots, to survey 20 types of habitat factors(e.g., temperature and humidity, vegetation type, vegetation coverage, water area, water depth, water type, bottom sand ratio, and human disturbance).(1) The results of 6 descriptive ecological factors revealed significant differences among 3 factors(shore condition, water cover, and water body) for selecting quadrats and control plots and no significant differences in the other 3 ecological factors(vegetation type, degree of human disturbance, and egg bag suspension).(2) The results of 9 factors with abnormal distribution showed that vegetation coverage, water-sediment ratio, water flow rate, and water area were significantly different between the selected quadrats and control plots, indicating that H. maoershanensis favored lower vegetation cover, lower water sediment, lower water velocity, and larger water body area to lay eggs.(3) The stepwise discrimination of 14 numerical ecological factors showed that the correct discrimination rate for the selected quadrats and control plots by vegetation coverage(largest contribution, 0.840) and sediment concentration(second largest contribution, 0.622) was 80.3%.(4) Stepwise regression analysis of the number of egg bags and 14 types of ecological factors showed a significant positive correlation between the selected habitat and surface humidity for H. maoershanensis and a significant negative correlation with vegetation cover. The high surface humidity and low vegetation coverage promoted the spawning capacity of H. maoershanensis. In conclusion, the micro-habitat preferred by H. maoershanensis is a hydrostatic pond with low water velocity, low vegetation coverage, large amount of water cover, relatively low sediment concentration, complex shore condition, and large water area, which act as the main factors for habitat selection during the breeding period of H. maoershanensis.
Habitat selection by Hynobius maoershanensis was performed during the reproductive period in Maoershan Natural Reserve in Guangxi, including Peak Lake, Three Rivers, and Savage Lake. Sixty-one plots were randomly set up, with egg bags for the selected plots and no egg bags for the control plots, to survey 20 types of habitat factors(e.g., temperature and humidity, vegetation type, vegetation coverage, water area, water depth, water type, bottom sand ratio, and human disturbance).(1) The results of 6 descriptive ecological factors revealed significant differences among 3 factors(shore condition, water cover, and water body) for selecting quadrats and control plots and no significant differences in the other 3 ecological factors(vegetation type, degree of human disturbance, and egg bag suspension).(2) The results of 9 factors with abnormal distribution showed that vegetation coverage, water-sediment ratio, water flow rate, and water area were significantly different between the selected quadrats and control plots, indicating that H. maoershanensis favored lower vegetation cover, lower water sediment, lower water velocity, and larger water body area to lay eggs.(3) The stepwise discrimination of 14 numerical ecological factors showed that the correct discrimination rate for the selected quadrats and control plots by vegetation coverage(largest contribution, 0.840) and sediment concentration(second largest contribution, 0.622) was 80.3%.(4) Stepwise regression analysis of the number of egg bags and 14 types of ecological factors showed a significant positive correlation between the selected habitat and surface humidity for H. maoershanensis and a significant negative correlation with vegetation cover. The high surface humidity and low vegetation coverage promoted the spawning capacity of H. maoershanensis. In conclusion, the micro-habitat preferred by H. maoershanensis is a hydrostatic pond with low water velocity, low vegetation coverage, large amount of water cover, relatively low sediment concentration, complex shore condition, and large water area, which act as the main factors for habitat selection during the breeding period of H. maoershanensis.
引文
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[3] Hutto R L.Habitat selection by nonbreeding,migratory land birds//Cody M L,ed.Habitat Selection in Birds.London:Academic Press,1985:455- 476.
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[12] 刘鹏,张微微.官山自然保护区白颈长尾雉季节性生境选择.生态学报,2017,37(18):6005- 6013.
[13] 陈乐勇,张立世,吴慧,秦博,李时,姜云垒.放牧干扰对栗斑腹鹀繁殖的影响.东北林业大学学报,2017,45(5):96- 100.
[14] 丁虎林,张航,陈旭才,刘伟,李凯,石永志,唐思贤.浙江天童三种鹎科鸟类栖息地利用和季节变化.复旦学报:自然科学版,2013,(6),737- 745.
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[24] 戴建洪,戴强,张明,张晋东,李成,刘兵,刘志军,王跃招.若尔盖湿地国家自然保护区三种无尾两栖类夏秋季生境选择.动物学研究,2005,26(3):263- 271.
[25] 罗玉梅,朴正吉,王卓聪,王超,睢亚橙.长白山两栖类繁殖期路域水生境选择性分析.四川动物,2015,34(4):559- 564.
[26] 吴迪,岳峰,罗祖奎,王天厚.上海大莲湖湖泊湿地两栖动物群落分布及生境选择模式.复旦学报:自然科学版,2011,50(3):268- 273.
[27] 周绍春,孟根同,尹远新,杨娇,于洪伟,任梦飞,刘浩.完达山东部林区生境特征对东北林蛙产卵的影响.生态学报,2016,36(9):2521- 2527.
[28] Keating K A,Cherry S.Use and interpretation of logistic regression in habitat-selection studies.Journal of Wildlife Management,2004,68(4):774- 789.
[29] Garnham J I,Stockwell M P,Pollard C J,et al.Winter microhabitat selection of a threatened pond amphibian in constructed urban wetlands.Austral Ecology,2015,40(7):816- 826.
[30] Sanuy D,Joly P.Olfactory cues and breeding habitat selection in the natterjack toad,Bufo calamita.Amphibia-Reptilia,2009,30(4):555- 559.
[31] Burger R M,Boylan J,Aucone B M.The effects of phototaxis and thigmotaxis on microhabitat selection by a caecilian amphibian (genus Ichthyophis).The Herpetological Journal,2007,17(1):19- 23.
[32] 庾太林,张良建,刘晓辉,吴云韩.广西北部湾海陆交错带两栖动物对生境的选择.四川动物,2013,32(6):883- 888.
[33] Hairston N G.An experimental test of a guild:salamander competition.Ecology,1981,62(1):65- 72.
[34] Keen W H.Habitat selection and interspecific competition in two species of plethodontid salamanders.Ecology,1982,63(1):94- 102.
[35] 叶林骏.安吉小鲵生存现状及其繁殖期生境特征研究[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2012.
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