水盐梯度对滨海湿地土壤养分指标和酶活性的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究海水入侵对滨海湿地土壤性质的影响,为分析水盐梯度对土壤养分指标和酶活性的影响机制提供依据。[方法]采集胶州湾滨海湿地表层土壤并设计室内模拟试验,测定不同水盐梯度上的土壤养分指标和酶活性。[结果]盐分和水分对土壤pH值和容重(BD)的影响显著;土壤有机质(TOM)、氨氮(NH_4~+-N)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、蔗糖酶(SA)、脲酶(UA)、碱性磷酸酶(APA)均随水梯度的增加表现为先升高后降低的趋势,在30%水梯度时达到最高值;土壤TOM,AP,AK,SA,UA,APA均随盐梯度的增加而降低,NH_4~+-N随盐梯度的增加而增加。土壤SA与TOM,AP,AK存在显著正相关关系;APA与TOM,AP,AK,BD显著正相关;UA与pH值,BD显著正相关,与NH_4~+-N具有一定的相关性。[结论]在一定范围内,土壤中水分过高或过低、盐分增加均会对土壤养分含量和酶活性产生抑制作用;土壤养分和酶活性之间存在密切的相关关系。
[Objective]To analyze the influence mechanism of water and salt contents on soil nutrient and enzymatic activity,in order to provide scientific basis for exploring the effect of seawater intrusion on coastal wetland soil.[Methods]The surface soil of the coastal wetland in Jiaozhou Bay was collected and the simulation experiments were conducted in laboratory to determine the soil nutrient index and enzymatic activity under different water salt gradients.[Results]Soil pH value and bulk density(BD)were significantly affected by salinity and moisture,respectively.With the increase of soil water gradient,the total organic matter(TOM),ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),sucrase activity(SA),urease activity(UA) and alkaline phosphatase activity(APA) increased initially and then decreased,reaching the maximum value at 30% water gradient.TOM,AP,AK,SA,UA and APA decreased with the increase of soil salinity gradient,while NH_4~+-N showed an opposite variation trend.The correlation analysis showed that SA was positively correlated with TOM,AP and AK,and APA was positively correlated with TOM,AP,AK and BD.In addition,UA was positively correlated with soil pH value and BD,and had a certain correlation with NH_4~+-N.[Conclusion]In a certain range,excessive or low water content and increased salt content can inhibit the soil nutrient contents and enzymatic activities,and there is a close relationship between soil nutrients and enzyme activities.
[Objective]To analyze the influence mechanism of water and salt contents on soil nutrient and enzymatic activity,in order to provide scientific basis for exploring the effect of seawater intrusion on coastal wetland soil.[Methods]The surface soil of the coastal wetland in Jiaozhou Bay was collected and the simulation experiments were conducted in laboratory to determine the soil nutrient index and enzymatic activity under different water salt gradients.[Results]Soil pH value and bulk density(BD)were significantly affected by salinity and moisture,respectively.With the increase of soil water gradient,the total organic matter(TOM),ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),sucrase activity(SA),urease activity(UA) and alkaline phosphatase activity(APA) increased initially and then decreased,reaching the maximum value at 30% water gradient.TOM,AP,AK,SA,UA and APA decreased with the increase of soil salinity gradient,while NH_4~+-N showed an opposite variation trend.The correlation analysis showed that SA was positively correlated with TOM,AP and AK,and APA was positively correlated with TOM,AP,AK and BD.In addition,UA was positively correlated with soil pH value and BD,and had a certain correlation with NH_4~+-N.[Conclusion]In a certain range,excessive or low water content and increased salt content can inhibit the soil nutrient contents and enzymatic activities,and there is a close relationship between soil nutrients and enzyme activities.
引文
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[6]张文,周广威,闵伟,等.长期咸水滴灌对棉花产量、土壤理化性质和N2O排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(8):1583-1590.
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[12]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[13]王雅,刘爽,郭晋丽,等.黄土高原不同植被类型对土壤养分、酶活性及微生物的影响[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):62-68.
[14]于天仁,王振权.土壤分析化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:192-262.
[15]邵文静,宋垠先,王成,等.近30年来苏南耕地土壤pH时空变化特征及影响因素分析[J].高校地质学报,2016,22(2):264-273.
[16]程瑞梅,刘泽彬,肖文发,等.三峡库区典型消落带土壤化学性质变化[J].林业科学,2017,53(2):19-25.
[17]乔宇鑫,朱华忠,钟华平,等.内蒙古地区草地表层土壤容重空间格局分析[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):793-801.
[18]张余良,陆文龙,张伟,等.长期微咸水灌溉对耕地土壤理化性状的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):969-973.
[19]单世平,黄军,刘前刚,等.淹水条件对稻田土壤肥力及理化性质的影响研究进展[J].农学学报,2014,4(10):46-49.
[20]齐兴国.土壤氮素矿化与固定及其影响因素的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(21):7005-7006.
[21]马朋,李昌晓,任庆水,等.模拟水淹-干旱胁迫对水杉幼树实生土壤营养元素含量的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):7763-7773.
[22]Brockett B F T,Prescott C E,Grayston S J.Soil moisture is the major factor influencing microbial community structure and enzyme activities across seven biogeoclimatic zones in western Canada[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2012,44(1):9-20.
[23]Wong V N L,Greene R S B,Dalal R C,et al.Soil carbon dynamics in saline and sodic soils:a review[J].Soil Use&Management,2010,26(1):2-11.
[24]李建兵,黄冠华.NaCl对粉壤土氨挥发及硝化、反硝化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):945-948.
[25]冯棣,张俊鹏,孙池涛,等.长期咸水灌溉对土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):171-176.
[26]朱同彬,诸葛玉平,刘少军,等.不同水肥条件对土壤酶活性的影响[J].山东农业科学,2008(3):74-78.
[27]万忠梅,宋长春,郭跃东,等.毛苔草湿地土壤酶活性及活性有机碳组分对水分梯度的响应[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5980-5986.
[28]田幼华,吕光辉,杨晓东,等.水盐胁迫对干旱区植物根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(3):156-163.
[29]翟红梅,曹彩云,刘孟雨.长期咸水灌溉对土壤酶活性及反应动力学的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):95-101.
[30]崔东,邓霞,闫俊杰,等.伊犁河谷不同土地利用方式对土壤养分与酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(2):371-374.
[2]Xi Min,Kong Fanlong,Li Yue.Temporal variations in growth and aboveground biomass of phragmites australis and EVI Analysis in Jiaozhou Bay Coastal Salt Marshes,China[J].Journal of Resources and Ecology,2017,8(6):641-647.
[3]Xi Min,Zi Yuanyuan,Wang Qinggai,et al.Assessment of the content,structure,and source of soil dissolved organic matter in the coastal wetlands of Jiaozhou Bay,China[J].Physics&Chemistry of the Earth,2018,103:35-44.
[4]操庆.盐分对土壤电化学、结构和生物学相关性质的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2015.
[5]张娜,潘瑞瑞,周增辉,等.充分湿润与淹水栽培对土壤养分与酶活性的影响[J].江西农业学报,2016,28(4):28-31.
[6]张文,周广威,闵伟,等.长期咸水滴灌对棉花产量、土壤理化性质和N2O排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(8):1583-1590.
[7]王维奇,王纯,仝川,等.闽江河口区盐-淡水梯度下芦苇沼泽土壤有机碳特征[J].湿地科学,2012,10(2):164-169.
[8]Li Jianguo,Pu Lijie,Zhu Ming,et al.Evolution of soil properties following reclamation in coastal areas:A review[J].Geoderma,2014,226-227(1):130-139.
[9]Li Qifei,Xi Min,Wang Qinggai,et al.Characterization of soil salinization in typical estuarine area of the Jiaozhou Bay,China[J].Physics&Chemistry of the Earth,2018,103:51-61.
[10]Badiane N N Y,Chotte J L,Pate E,et al.Use of soil enzyme activities to monitor soil quality in natural and improved fallows in semi-arid tropical regions[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2001,18(3):229-238.
[11]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[12]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[13]王雅,刘爽,郭晋丽,等.黄土高原不同植被类型对土壤养分、酶活性及微生物的影响[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(1):62-68.
[14]于天仁,王振权.土壤分析化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:192-262.
[15]邵文静,宋垠先,王成,等.近30年来苏南耕地土壤pH时空变化特征及影响因素分析[J].高校地质学报,2016,22(2):264-273.
[16]程瑞梅,刘泽彬,肖文发,等.三峡库区典型消落带土壤化学性质变化[J].林业科学,2017,53(2):19-25.
[17]乔宇鑫,朱华忠,钟华平,等.内蒙古地区草地表层土壤容重空间格局分析[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):793-801.
[18]张余良,陆文龙,张伟,等.长期微咸水灌溉对耕地土壤理化性状的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):969-973.
[19]单世平,黄军,刘前刚,等.淹水条件对稻田土壤肥力及理化性质的影响研究进展[J].农学学报,2014,4(10):46-49.
[20]齐兴国.土壤氮素矿化与固定及其影响因素的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(21):7005-7006.
[21]马朋,李昌晓,任庆水,等.模拟水淹-干旱胁迫对水杉幼树实生土壤营养元素含量的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):7763-7773.
[22]Brockett B F T,Prescott C E,Grayston S J.Soil moisture is the major factor influencing microbial community structure and enzyme activities across seven biogeoclimatic zones in western Canada[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2012,44(1):9-20.
[23]Wong V N L,Greene R S B,Dalal R C,et al.Soil carbon dynamics in saline and sodic soils:a review[J].Soil Use&Management,2010,26(1):2-11.
[24]李建兵,黄冠华.NaCl对粉壤土氨挥发及硝化、反硝化的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(4):945-948.
[25]冯棣,张俊鹏,孙池涛,等.长期咸水灌溉对土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):171-176.
[26]朱同彬,诸葛玉平,刘少军,等.不同水肥条件对土壤酶活性的影响[J].山东农业科学,2008(3):74-78.
[27]万忠梅,宋长春,郭跃东,等.毛苔草湿地土壤酶活性及活性有机碳组分对水分梯度的响应[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5980-5986.
[28]田幼华,吕光辉,杨晓东,等.水盐胁迫对干旱区植物根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(3):156-163.
[29]翟红梅,曹彩云,刘孟雨.长期咸水灌溉对土壤酶活性及反应动力学的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(1):95-101.
[30]崔东,邓霞,闫俊杰,等.伊犁河谷不同土地利用方式对土壤养分与酶活性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(2):371-374.