海岛生活垃圾高温干燥特性的实验研究
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摘要
海岛环境污染治理面临的问题与大陆农村有许多相似性,基础设施落后,人口稀少,生活垃圾含水率高,难以直接焚烧。多数偏远海岛供电依赖柴油发电机组,烟气余热丰富,用烟气干燥海岛垃圾是解决海岛生活垃圾就地焚烧难题的一个途径。为设计柴油发电机烟气干燥生活垃圾装置,在可利用柴油发电机烟气温度条件下,对海岛生活垃圾干燥特性进行实验研究,比较了海岛垃圾和校园垃圾干燥特性的差异,并根据实验结果拟合得到垃圾干燥过程的Arrhenius方程。结果表明:生活垃圾热值随含水率降低而显著增加;校园垃圾与海岛垃圾干燥规律相似,但海岛垃圾干燥所需时间更长;在高温条件下,生活垃圾干燥过程可分为调整阶段和降速阶段,不存在等速阶段;为避免垃圾自燃,干燥温度不能高于220℃;海岛垃圾活化能较高,干燥需要更多热量。
The problem faced by environmental pollution control of island exhibited similarities with those of the inland countryside,such as the backward infrastructure and sparse population. Meanwhile,the property of high moisture content of waste makes it difficult to be incinerated directly. Most remote islands rely on diesel-generator sets to satisfy power demands,which can produce abundant residual heat. Drying waste with the heat can also be a solution for waste incineration on the spot. In order to design the waste drying device,the experiments researching on drying characteristics of the island domestic garbage,were performed under the condition of available diesel generator flue gas temperature. Solid wastes from island and campus were included for comparison and Arrhenius equations which fitted to the waste drying process were obtained. According the results,following conclusions are summarized. The calorific value of solid waste increased significantly with the decrease of water content. Compared with campus solid waste which was treated by similar drying process,island solid wastes took longer time to dry. Under high temperature conditions,the drying process could be divided into adjustment stage and falling-rate stage,without the observation of constant-rate stage. To avoid self-ignition,temperature should be controlled below 220 ℃. The activation energy of island solid wastes is relatively higher,leading to more heat for drying.
The problem faced by environmental pollution control of island exhibited similarities with those of the inland countryside,such as the backward infrastructure and sparse population. Meanwhile,the property of high moisture content of waste makes it difficult to be incinerated directly. Most remote islands rely on diesel-generator sets to satisfy power demands,which can produce abundant residual heat. Drying waste with the heat can also be a solution for waste incineration on the spot. In order to design the waste drying device,the experiments researching on drying characteristics of the island domestic garbage,were performed under the condition of available diesel generator flue gas temperature. Solid wastes from island and campus were included for comparison and Arrhenius equations which fitted to the waste drying process were obtained. According the results,following conclusions are summarized. The calorific value of solid waste increased significantly with the decrease of water content. Compared with campus solid waste which was treated by similar drying process,island solid wastes took longer time to dry. Under high temperature conditions,the drying process could be divided into adjustment stage and falling-rate stage,without the observation of constant-rate stage. To avoid self-ignition,temperature should be controlled below 220 ℃. The activation energy of island solid wastes is relatively higher,leading to more heat for drying.
引文
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[12]陈梅倩,蒙爱红,阮仔龙,等.高水分垃圾基元中温干燥特性的实验研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,50(11):1838-1842.[CHEN Mei-qian,MENG Ai-hong,RUAN Zai-long,et al.Experimental Investigation of Medium-Temperature Drying Behavior of MSW Matrix[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2010,50(11):1838-1842.]
[2]陈金华,陈春梅.海峡西岸小岛礁生活垃圾分类处理实证研究:以福建南日岛为例[J].海洋开发与管理,2010,27(3):59-63.
[3]EVANGELOU A,GERASSIMIDOU S,MAVRAKIS N,et al.Monitoring the Performances of a Real Scale Municipal Solid Waste Composting and a Biodrying Facility Using Respiration Activity Indices[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2016,188(5):302.DOI:10.1007/s10661-016-5303-6.
[4]杨欢,赵荣祥,辛焕海,等.海岛电网发展现状与研究动态[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(11):95-105.[YANG Huan,ZHAORong-xiang,XIN Huan-hai,et al.Development and Research Status of Island Power Systems[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(11):95-105.]
[5]陈梅倩,陈允轩,贾力,等.高水分城市生活垃圾干燥过程的动力学分析[J].华北电力大学学报,2008,35(3):75-78.[CHENMei-qian,CHEN Yun-xuan,JIA Li,et al.Kinetic Analysis on the Drying of the High Moisture MSW[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University,2008,35(3):75-78.]
[6]CHOI K I,LEE S H,LEE D H.Emissions of PCDDs/DFs and Dioxin-Like PCBs From Small Waste Incinerators in Korea[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(5):940-948.
[7]CHEN M W,LIN T C,WANG L C,et al.The PCDD/F Removal Efficiency of a Medical Waste Incinerator Dual-Bag Filter System[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2014,14(4):1223-1231.
[8]RYU J Y,MULHOLLAND J,DUNN J,et al.Potential Role of Chlorination Pathways in PCDD/F Formation in a Municipal Waste Incinerator[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2004,38(19):5112-5119.
[9]BENEROSO D,BERM DEZ J M,ARENILLAS A,et al.Influence of the Microwave Absorbent and Moisture Content on the Microwave Pyrolysis of an Organic Municipal Solid Waste[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2014,105:234-240.
[10]赵哲.颗粒堆积多孔介质干燥过程模拟及试验研究[D].西安:陕西科技大学,2015.[ZHAO Zhe.Simulation and Experimental Research on Drying of Grain Packing Porous Media[D].Xi'an:Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,2015.]
[11]LEE D,LAI J,MUJUMDAR A.Moisture Distribution and Dewatering Efficiency for Wet Materials[J].Drying Technology,2006,24(10):1201-1208.
[12]陈梅倩,蒙爱红,阮仔龙,等.高水分垃圾基元中温干燥特性的实验研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,50(11):1838-1842.[CHEN Mei-qian,MENG Ai-hong,RUAN Zai-long,et al.Experimental Investigation of Medium-Temperature Drying Behavior of MSW Matrix[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2010,50(11):1838-1842.]