高压气井修井挤压井井筒流动模型
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摘要
塔里木油田克深气田超深、高温、高压,部分气井在生产过程中环空异常带压,若长期监控生产,井控风险大,需要进行压井以便开展修井作业。高压气井修井挤压井作业过程井筒流动规律复杂,压井风险高。考虑压井过程井筒-地层复杂耦合流动,建立了高压气井挤压井数学模型,模型预测结果与实测数据吻合较好,能够满足高压气井挤压井施工设计的需要。通过数值计算,分析了高压气井挤压井作业井筒流动规律及影响因素。研究表明,挤压井过程中井底压力和油压对地层渗透率、储层厚度、地层压力、压井液排量等参数较为敏感,储层渗透率和厚度越低,地层压力越高,压井井底压力和油压越高。压井液排量越大,压井持续时间越短,产生的井底压力越高。挤压井作业需根据储层渗透率、厚度及地层压力等参数,确定合理的压力液排量等施工参数,在保证压井成功高效的前提下,避免压漏地层。
There is a number of gas well with sustained casing pressure in Keshen gas reservoir,Tarim Oilfield characterized by ultra-deep,high temperature and high pressure. If these well products under monitoring for long term,the risk of well control is very large,so it is needed to carry out well kill. It is difficult to kill well due to the complexity of wellbore flow during well kill operations in high pressure gas well. A mathematical model for predicting the wellbore flow behaviors during well kill with the squeezing method was developed. by taking the complex coupling between wellbore and formation during well kill. The predicted results of the model were in good agreement with the measured data,showing that the model has high forecasting precision. The wellbore flow behaviors and main factors influencing the well killing were discussed. The results show that the bottom hole pressure and tube pressure are sensitive to the thickness and permeability of the reservoir and flow rates of kill fluid. The lower permeability and thickness of the reservoir,and the higher formation pressure,the higher bottom hole pressure and tube pressure. The higher kill fluid flow rates,the shorter kill duration,and the higher the bottom hole pressure. It is needed to determine the reasonable kill fluid flow rates and other construction parameters according to the reservoir permeability and thickness and formation pressure. It is important to kill well efficiently and avoid inducing lost circulation.
There is a number of gas well with sustained casing pressure in Keshen gas reservoir,Tarim Oilfield characterized by ultra-deep,high temperature and high pressure. If these well products under monitoring for long term,the risk of well control is very large,so it is needed to carry out well kill. It is difficult to kill well due to the complexity of wellbore flow during well kill operations in high pressure gas well. A mathematical model for predicting the wellbore flow behaviors during well kill with the squeezing method was developed. by taking the complex coupling between wellbore and formation during well kill. The predicted results of the model were in good agreement with the measured data,showing that the model has high forecasting precision. The wellbore flow behaviors and main factors influencing the well killing were discussed. The results show that the bottom hole pressure and tube pressure are sensitive to the thickness and permeability of the reservoir and flow rates of kill fluid. The lower permeability and thickness of the reservoir,and the higher formation pressure,the higher bottom hole pressure and tube pressure. The higher kill fluid flow rates,the shorter kill duration,and the higher the bottom hole pressure. It is needed to determine the reasonable kill fluid flow rates and other construction parameters according to the reservoir permeability and thickness and formation pressure. It is important to kill well efficiently and avoid inducing lost circulation.
引文
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15 Elsharkawy A M.Efficient methods for calculations of compressibility,density and viscosity of natural gases[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria,2004,218(1):1-13
2赵孟军，鲁雪松，卓勤功，等．库车前陆盆地油气成藏特征与分布规律[J]．石油学报，2015,36(4):395-404Zhao Mengjun,Lu Xuesong,Zhuo Qingong,et al.Characteristics and distribution law of hydrocarbon accumulation in Kuqa foreland basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(4):395-404
3江同文，孙雄伟．库车前陆盆地克深气田超深超高压气藏开发认识与技术对策[J]．天然气工业，2018,38(6):1-9Jiang Tongwen,Sun Xiongwei.Development of Keshen ultra-deep and ultra-high pressure gas reservoirs in the Kuqa foreland basin,Tarim Basin:Understanding points and technical countermeasures[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(6):1-9
4郑如森，高文祥，邹国庆，等．塔里木油田超高压高产气井压井方法初探[J]．油气井测试，2018,26(6):62-76Zheng Rusen,Gao Wenxiang,Zou Guoqing,et al.A preliminary discussion on killing well of super high pressure and high production in Tarim oilfield[J].Oil and Gas Well Test,2018,26(6):62-64,76
5王陶，杨胜来，朱卫红，等．塔里木油田油水井套损规律及对策[J]．石油勘探与开发，2011,38(3):352-361Wang Tao,Yang Shenglai,Zhu Weihong,et al.Law and countermeasures for the casing damage of oil production wells and water injection wells in Tarim Oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(3):352-361
6魏纳，孟英峰，吴鹏程，等．气体钻井空井压井井筒气液两相瞬态流动数学模型[J]．天然气工业，2017,37(6):64-71Wei Na,Meng Yingfeng,Wu Pengcheng,et al.A mathematical model for gas-liquid transient flow in wellbore during empty well killing in gas drilling[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(6):64-71
7 Nickens H V.A dynamic computer model of a kicking well[J].SPEDrilling Engineering,1987,2(2):159-173
8雷宗明，林安村．气井泥浆喷空后的压井[J]．天然气工业，1997,17(2):56-66Lei Zongming,Lin Ancun.Gas well killing method on condition that mud is completely ejected[J].Natural Gas Industry,1997,17(2):56-66
9张世林，陈宝辉，呼桂艳．K13井的压井设计与施工[J]．油气井测试，2008,17(4):35-37Zhang Shilin,Chen Baohui,Hu Guiyan.Killing well design and operation to K13 well[J].Oil and Gas Well Test,2008,17(4):35-37
10 Taitel Y,Dukler A E.A model for predicting flow regime transitions in horizontal and near horizontal gas-liquid flow[J].AICh E Journal,1976,22(1):47-55
11 Hasan A R.Void fraction in bubbly and slug flow in downward vertical and inclined systems[J].SPE Production and Facilities,1995,10(3):172-176
12 Beggs H D.An experimental study of two-phase flow inclined pipes[D].Tulsa:University of Tulsa,1972
13李传亮．油藏工程原理[M]．北京:石油工业出版社，2005Li Chuanliang.Fundamentals of reservoir engineering[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005
14 Nikuradse J.Laws of flow in rough pipes:NACA-TM-1292[R].Washinton,USA:Technical Report Archive&Image Library,1950
15 Elsharkawy A M.Efficient methods for calculations of compressibility,density and viscosity of natural gases[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria,2004,218(1):1-13