论我国新闻媒体监督
摘要
目前，我国社会正处于一个转型时期，人治社会应当逐步向法治社会过渡，而这种过渡的成功与否在很大程度上取决于依法行政的实现程度。行政机关是国家机关中对经济和社会发展影响最大，与公民关系最密切，因而也是权力最大、机构最多、人数最多的一个部门。行政机关在社会生活的极端重要性，决定了依法治国的关键在于依法行政。随着经济全球化、信息网络化、市场国际化的形成，在改革开放、经济快速发展的今天，“制度缺陷”和“制度真空”问题日渐凸现出来，各种腐败现象也日益严重，政府部门出现的“权钱交易”、“权权交易”、滥用权力等现象，迫切需要新闻媒体监督的力量来弥补司法监督、立法监督及其他行政监督的不足。传媒的舆论作为一种社会意识现象和无形的社会力量渗透到社会的各个领域。它不仅影响着人们的思想、观念、情绪和行为，而且对社会权力、公共政策形成某种约束和制衡。无数事实证明，新闻媒体监督已成为世界各国保证公共权力正确使用，促进依法治国和遏制腐败的最有效的措施之一。
近年来，新闻媒体监督一直是我国社会各界关注和思考的热点。新闻媒体监督被看作是：增强新闻媒介权威的关键、揭露社会弊端的利器、正确决策的先导和民主法制建设的动力。探讨在新的历史形势下新闻媒体监督政府行为的具体对策，更是具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。本文总体上分为五个部分：第一部分是论述了新闻媒体监督的含义和特点，第二部分是阐述了我国新闻媒体监督的理论基础，第三部分是概括了我国新闻媒体监督的社会功能，第四部分是分析了我国新闻媒体监督功能发挥的现状，第五部分是提出了完善我国新闻媒体监督的措施探讨。这五个部分形成了本文的逻辑体系，本文在这个逻辑体系上，创造性地提出了我国新闻媒体监督的监测、沟通、督政和制约四方面的社会功能，深入地从监督功能发挥的基础、构架和存在的问题三方面分析了我国新闻媒体监督的现状，并在此基础上提出了完善我国新闻媒体监督的措施：革新体制、科学操作、提高素质、健全法治。
Nowadays, Chinese society is coming to a transforming stage .The humanize managed society should be gradually changed into a monocracy one. And the success of this transformation is highly depended on the realization of legal administration. As the administrative department which is most related with citizens has the strongest influence to national economy and social development, it becomes the most powerful and complicated sector'with the biggest staffs number .The extreme importance of administrative department decides the key for legal governance in our country is legal administration .by the formation of economic globalization, communicatory webbing and market internationalization, in today 's reformation and opening the problems of institutional Defect " and "Institutional Vacuum "have gradually come out .In the mean while corruption has been continuously worsened. Some phoneme happened in the government for examples: "The trade between money and power or power and power", "abuse of power "etc. are immi
nently needed the supervision .As a social ideologues and invisible needed the supervision of press and public opinions to fetch up the deficiency of judicature and legislation supervision .As a social ideology and invisible social power, the opinions of communication media can infiltrate into each area of social life .It will not only influence people's thought, conception, mood and behavior but also provide certain restriction to social power, improving .Legal governance and holding back the corruption for countries all around the world.
In recent years, news and public supervision is the always the social hotspot of our country. This supervision has been viewed as the key improving press authority, the sword of discovering social scandal, the precursor of corrected decision and the power of democratic law's construction. After the entry into the WTO of China, the system of news and public supervision is facing some historical change and decision. Under this situation, news and public supervision has become a noticeable topic of the press and academia. Discussing the idiographic countermeasure of the news and public supervision to the government under new situation is of important academic and practical meaning.
Generally, it is divided into five parts: Firstly, it demonstrates the significance
and characteristic of media supervision; secondly, it expatiates on the theoretical basis of media supervision in our country; thirdly, it summarizes the social functions of media supervision; fourthly, it analyzes the actuality that the functions of media supervision have been exerted in our country; finally, it put forward a research about how to perfect the measures of media supervision. These five parts forms the logical system of this article. It introduces the social functions of mentorship, communication, the supervision of administration and institution in media supervision, and it thoroughly analyzes the actuality of media supervision from such three aspects, as the basis exertion, its inner structure, and the problems exist. At the following, it put forward the measures of perfecting our media supervision system: innovating on the media system, operating scientifically, improving reporter's quality, and perfecting the laws system.
近年来，新闻媒体监督一直是我国社会各界关注和思考的热点。新闻媒体监督被看作是：增强新闻媒介权威的关键、揭露社会弊端的利器、正确决策的先导和民主法制建设的动力。探讨在新的历史形势下新闻媒体监督政府行为的具体对策，更是具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。本文总体上分为五个部分：第一部分是论述了新闻媒体监督的含义和特点，第二部分是阐述了我国新闻媒体监督的理论基础，第三部分是概括了我国新闻媒体监督的社会功能，第四部分是分析了我国新闻媒体监督功能发挥的现状，第五部分是提出了完善我国新闻媒体监督的措施探讨。这五个部分形成了本文的逻辑体系，本文在这个逻辑体系上，创造性地提出了我国新闻媒体监督的监测、沟通、督政和制约四方面的社会功能，深入地从监督功能发挥的基础、构架和存在的问题三方面分析了我国新闻媒体监督的现状，并在此基础上提出了完善我国新闻媒体监督的措施：革新体制、科学操作、提高素质、健全法治。
Nowadays, Chinese society is coming to a transforming stage .The humanize managed society should be gradually changed into a monocracy one. And the success of this transformation is highly depended on the realization of legal administration. As the administrative department which is most related with citizens has the strongest influence to national economy and social development, it becomes the most powerful and complicated sector'with the biggest staffs number .The extreme importance of administrative department decides the key for legal governance in our country is legal administration .by the formation of economic globalization, communicatory webbing and market internationalization, in today 's reformation and opening the problems of institutional Defect " and "Institutional Vacuum "have gradually come out .In the mean while corruption has been continuously worsened. Some phoneme happened in the government for examples: "The trade between money and power or power and power", "abuse of power "etc. are immi
nently needed the supervision .As a social ideologues and invisible needed the supervision of press and public opinions to fetch up the deficiency of judicature and legislation supervision .As a social ideology and invisible social power, the opinions of communication media can infiltrate into each area of social life .It will not only influence people's thought, conception, mood and behavior but also provide certain restriction to social power, improving .Legal governance and holding back the corruption for countries all around the world.
In recent years, news and public supervision is the always the social hotspot of our country. This supervision has been viewed as the key improving press authority, the sword of discovering social scandal, the precursor of corrected decision and the power of democratic law's construction. After the entry into the WTO of China, the system of news and public supervision is facing some historical change and decision. Under this situation, news and public supervision has become a noticeable topic of the press and academia. Discussing the idiographic countermeasure of the news and public supervision to the government under new situation is of important academic and practical meaning.
Generally, it is divided into five parts: Firstly, it demonstrates the significance
and characteristic of media supervision; secondly, it expatiates on the theoretical basis of media supervision in our country; thirdly, it summarizes the social functions of media supervision; fourthly, it analyzes the actuality that the functions of media supervision have been exerted in our country; finally, it put forward a research about how to perfect the measures of media supervision. These five parts forms the logical system of this article. It introduces the social functions of mentorship, communication, the supervision of administration and institution in media supervision, and it thoroughly analyzes the actuality of media supervision from such three aspects, as the basis exertion, its inner structure, and the problems exist. At the following, it put forward the measures of perfecting our media supervision system: innovating on the media system, operating scientifically, improving reporter's quality, and perfecting the laws system.
引文
1．王小飞：《西方新闻舆论监督透析》，《新闻知识》2001年第7期。
2．唐惠虎著：《舆论监督论》，湖北教育出版社1999年版。
3．尤光付：《中外监督制度比较》，商务印书馆，2003年版。
4．季音：《重视并善待舆论监督》，《人民日报》，2000年10月16日。
5．[英]约翰·邓恩编：《民主的历程》，吉林人民出版社1999年版。
6．[美]迈克尔·罗斯金等著：《政治科学》(第6版)，华夏出版社2Q00年版。
7．刘明波主编：《国外行政监察理论与实践》，山东人民出版社1990年版。
8．马怀平等主编：《监督学概论》，中国财经出版社1990年版。
9．孙逸民主编：《社会主义监督学概论》，中共中央党校出版社1990年版。
10．王华强等主编：《舆论监督与新闻纠纷》，复旦大学出版社2000年版。
11．廖永亮著：《舆论调控学》，新华出版社2003年版。
12．杨明品著：《新闻舆论监督》，中国广播电视出版社2001年版。
13．孙旭培：《舆论监督的回顾与探讨》，中国社会科学文摘2003年第3期。
14．朗劲松：《浅论舆论监督权及其法律保护》，新闻战线2000年第11期。
15．颜世虎：《舆论监督与法治》，新闻战线1999年第12期。
16．尹力：《关于舆论监督的法律界限》，新闻战线2000年第12期。
17．高飞，袁增伟：《新时期舆论监督的新拓展》，《新闻战线》1999年第9期。
18．满运来：《思考新闻媒体的舆论监督》《新闻战线》，1999年第11期。
19．杨立新：《隐性采访的法律共识与分歧》，《中国记者》，2000年第2期。
20．艾丰：《舆论监督十题》，《中国记者》1999年第9期。
21．邵培仁：《论新时期舆论监督与法制建设》，《新闻传播》，2003年2月。
22．王强，祝明：《新世纪舆论监督的几个法律问题》，《中华新闻报》，2001年12月25日。
2．唐惠虎著：《舆论监督论》，湖北教育出版社1999年版。
3．尤光付：《中外监督制度比较》，商务印书馆，2003年版。
4．季音：《重视并善待舆论监督》，《人民日报》，2000年10月16日。
5．[英]约翰·邓恩编：《民主的历程》，吉林人民出版社1999年版。
6．[美]迈克尔·罗斯金等著：《政治科学》(第6版)，华夏出版社2Q00年版。
7．刘明波主编：《国外行政监察理论与实践》，山东人民出版社1990年版。
8．马怀平等主编：《监督学概论》，中国财经出版社1990年版。
9．孙逸民主编：《社会主义监督学概论》，中共中央党校出版社1990年版。
10．王华强等主编：《舆论监督与新闻纠纷》，复旦大学出版社2000年版。
11．廖永亮著：《舆论调控学》，新华出版社2003年版。
12．杨明品著：《新闻舆论监督》，中国广播电视出版社2001年版。
13．孙旭培：《舆论监督的回顾与探讨》，中国社会科学文摘2003年第3期。
14．朗劲松：《浅论舆论监督权及其法律保护》，新闻战线2000年第11期。
15．颜世虎：《舆论监督与法治》，新闻战线1999年第12期。
16．尹力：《关于舆论监督的法律界限》，新闻战线2000年第12期。
17．高飞，袁增伟：《新时期舆论监督的新拓展》，《新闻战线》1999年第9期。
18．满运来：《思考新闻媒体的舆论监督》《新闻战线》，1999年第11期。
19．杨立新：《隐性采访的法律共识与分歧》，《中国记者》，2000年第2期。
20．艾丰：《舆论监督十题》，《中国记者》1999年第9期。
21．邵培仁：《论新时期舆论监督与法制建设》，《新闻传播》，2003年2月。
22．王强，祝明：《新世纪舆论监督的几个法律问题》，《中华新闻报》，2001年12月25日。