工业遗产中桥梁建筑的保护与更新研究
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摘要
目前,对工业遗产建筑的保护更新已经成为世界建筑的潮流之一,而对工业遗产中桥梁建筑的保护更新在我国还处于起步阶段,尚未对桥梁工业建筑遗产的发展进行系统分析研究,而桥梁工业建筑遗产的产生是历史发展的必然趋势,随着一些桥梁建筑使用年限的增加,承受荷载能力随之下降,其使用功能也将发生转换,最终成为一种工业遗迹。本文首先提出了桥梁工业建筑遗产的概念,从总体上探讨了对世界桥梁工业建筑遗产保护更新的背景和动力,浅析对其保护更新的价值,回顾了桥梁工业建筑遗产历史发展进程,在对英国和中国桥梁工业建筑遗产保护更新实践作出研究整理后,提出了若干建议。
首先,以其建造历史、保护进程及开发更新为线索,分析了英国现存具有典型工业遗产性质桥梁建筑的实例,并对其进行了归纳总结。
然后,通过对国内桥梁工业建筑遗产的保护更新的现状和实例进行了整理,考察了我国目前其发展状况,对桥梁修建历史、结构形式及其附属设施等细部进行介绍,分析总结其再开发策略。
最后,通过对国内外现有桥梁工业建筑遗产保护更新发展策略进行比较,并提出了对其再开发的建议。
桥梁工业建筑遗产作为雄伟的构筑物,总能代表一个时期的工业发展水平,其不仅能提供公共的服务功能,在通过保护再开发,赋予桥梁工业建筑遗产新的生命,它以有形的方式随时向人们提醒它的存在,唤起人民对历史的回忆。我国具有丰富的桥梁工业建筑遗产资源,因此充分利用其自身优势,对其进行合理的保护更新,将会使其成为城市景观中新的亮点。
Adaptive reuse of the industrial heritage is becoming one of the major tendencies in the recent world construction,but adaptive reues of the industrial heritage bridge is the start stage in our country. Not yet conducts the development of the system analysis research to the industrial heritage in bridge architecture, but it is the inevitable trend of historical development,As some bridges service life’s increase, decreased ability to bear load, Its function will also conversion,eventually become an industrial relic.This dissertation first proposed the concept of the industrial heritage in bridge architecture, traced back the backgroud and initial causes in general, brief analysis to its adaptive regenertation value,and then had a historic review of the industrial heritage in bridge architecture development. By the research of the British and the Chinese industry inheritance in bridge architecture conservation and regeneration, put forward certain proposals.
Firstly,According to the clue of constrution history,conservation and development process for the regenration, analyzed Britain extant of the typical industrial inheritage nature bridge construction example,carried on the induction summary to it.
Secondly,through carried on the example of the reorganization to the domestic industrial heritage in bridge architecture conservation and regenration, Inspected the development of Chinese current situation, the bridge construction history,conduct detailed of structure and ancillary facilities ,and so on,analysis conclude its redevelopment strategy.
Finally, with carries on the comparison to the domestic and foreign existing industrial heritage bridge adaptive reues development strategy, and proposed redevelop suggestion for it.
Industrial heritage in bridge architecture as the majestic structure, can always represent a period of industrial development level, not only its can provide the public service function, entrusts with its new life, it momentarily reminds its existence by the visible way to the people, arousing the people of history and memories. Our country has a rich industrial heritage in bridge architecture resources, make full use of its advantages, carries on the reasonable protection to reuse, it will become a new urban landscape in the bright lights.
首先,以其建造历史、保护进程及开发更新为线索,分析了英国现存具有典型工业遗产性质桥梁建筑的实例,并对其进行了归纳总结。
然后,通过对国内桥梁工业建筑遗产的保护更新的现状和实例进行了整理,考察了我国目前其发展状况,对桥梁修建历史、结构形式及其附属设施等细部进行介绍,分析总结其再开发策略。
最后,通过对国内外现有桥梁工业建筑遗产保护更新发展策略进行比较,并提出了对其再开发的建议。
桥梁工业建筑遗产作为雄伟的构筑物,总能代表一个时期的工业发展水平,其不仅能提供公共的服务功能,在通过保护再开发,赋予桥梁工业建筑遗产新的生命,它以有形的方式随时向人们提醒它的存在,唤起人民对历史的回忆。我国具有丰富的桥梁工业建筑遗产资源,因此充分利用其自身优势,对其进行合理的保护更新,将会使其成为城市景观中新的亮点。
Adaptive reuse of the industrial heritage is becoming one of the major tendencies in the recent world construction,but adaptive reues of the industrial heritage bridge is the start stage in our country. Not yet conducts the development of the system analysis research to the industrial heritage in bridge architecture, but it is the inevitable trend of historical development,As some bridges service life’s increase, decreased ability to bear load, Its function will also conversion,eventually become an industrial relic.This dissertation first proposed the concept of the industrial heritage in bridge architecture, traced back the backgroud and initial causes in general, brief analysis to its adaptive regenertation value,and then had a historic review of the industrial heritage in bridge architecture development. By the research of the British and the Chinese industry inheritance in bridge architecture conservation and regeneration, put forward certain proposals.
Firstly,According to the clue of constrution history,conservation and development process for the regenration, analyzed Britain extant of the typical industrial inheritage nature bridge construction example,carried on the induction summary to it.
Secondly,through carried on the example of the reorganization to the domestic industrial heritage in bridge architecture conservation and regenration, Inspected the development of Chinese current situation, the bridge construction history,conduct detailed of structure and ancillary facilities ,and so on,analysis conclude its redevelopment strategy.
Finally, with carries on the comparison to the domestic and foreign existing industrial heritage bridge adaptive reues development strategy, and proposed redevelop suggestion for it.
Industrial heritage in bridge architecture as the majestic structure, can always represent a period of industrial development level, not only its can provide the public service function, entrusts with its new life, it momentarily reminds its existence by the visible way to the people, arousing the people of history and memories. Our country has a rich industrial heritage in bridge architecture resources, make full use of its advantages, carries on the reasonable protection to reuse, it will become a new urban landscape in the bright lights.
引文
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[12] [英]马修·韦尔斯著. 世界著名桥梁设计[M]. 张慧 黎楠 译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003
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[36] 陈元玉. 武汉长江大桥护栏装饰图案名族风格[J]. 装饰. 2005(11)
[37] 盛洪飞.桥梁建筑美学[M].人民交通出版社,2001
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[39] 万敏,陶碧伟.桥头公园的规划设计初探[J].中国园林. 2004(9)
[40] 李自健.天下黄河第一桥[EB/OL]. http://www.51dh.net/ magazine/html/ 827/82718.htm,2008-3-25
[41] 百科探秘.黄河公路大桥[EB/OL]. http://bk.51player. com/view/ 1159395. htm,2008-3-26
[42] 百度百科.中山桥[EB/OL]. http://bk.baidu.com/view/59031.htm, 2008-3-26
[43] 李自健.天下黄河第一桥[J].丝绸之路, 2005(2)
[44] 刘来君,赵小星.桥梁加固设计施工技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[45] 郭卫东.城市港口区再开发[D].上海:同济大学,2006
[46] Aldous T. Britain's industrial heritage seeks word status[J]. History Today,1999(5)
[47] Binney M.Our Vanishing Heritage[M]. London: London Arlingron,1984
[48] 茅以升.中国古桥技术史[M].北京:北京出版社,1986
[49] 唐寰澄.中国科学技术史 桥梁卷[M].北京: 科学出版社,2000
[50] Eric Delony.Context for World Heritage Bridges[EB/OL]. http://www. icomos.org/ studies/bridges.htm#10,2008-3-16
[51] Ironbridge Gorge World Heritage[EB/OL].http://www.telford.gov.uk/ Leisure+culture+and+tourism/Ironbridge+Gorge+world+heritage+site/Managing+and+Protecting+the+World+Heritage+Site.htm,2008-3-36
[52] Bridge Aesthetics[EB/OL].http://bridgeaesthetics.org,2008-3-12
[2] 唐寰澄. 桥[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2000
[3] 唐寰澄. 世界桥梁趣谈[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2000
[4] 吴冲. 现代钢桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 2006
[5] 万明坤等.桥梁漫笔[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 1997
[6] 和丕壮. 桥梁美学[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 1999
[7] 贺旺. 后工业景观浅析[D].北京: 清华大学, 2004
[8] W·鲍尔. 城市的发展过程[M].北京: 中国建工出版社, 1981
[9] 周耀林. 可移动文化遗产保护策略[M].北京:北京图书馆出版社, 2006
[10] 汤亮. 建筑师和工程师的分野与合流研究[D].长沙: 长沙理工大学, 2006
[11] 陈艾荣,盛勇,钱锋. 桥梁造型[M].人民交通出版社, 2005
[12] [英]马修·韦尔斯著. 世界著名桥梁设计[M]. 张慧 黎楠 译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003
[13] Ashworth G. Building A New Heritage.Tourism,Culture and Identity in the New Europe[M]. London: London Routledge, 1994
[14] Soyez D. Industrial Heritage in Old Industrialized Areas, 2003
[15] Goodey B. Interpret Britain Series[J]. Planning for the Interpretation of Industrial Heritage,1993,(54)
[16] 景观中国.为工业遗产制定的《下塔吉尔宪章》[EB/OL].http://ih. Landscape.cn/tagil.htm,2008-2-23
[17] Clard C. Ironbridge Gorge[M]. London: Batsford, 1993
[18] Ironbridge[EB/OL].http://www.ironbridge.org.uk,2007-12-23
[19] Pat Y. From Tourism Attractions to Heritage Tourism[M]. Huntingdom Elm, 1991
[20] [日]伊藤学. 桥梁造型[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 1998
[21] 杨士金,唐虎翔. 景观桥梁设计[M].上海:同济大学出版社, 2003
[22]Forthbridge[EB/OL].http://www.forthbridges.org.uk/railbridgemain. htm,2007-12-25
[23] 钱冬生,陈仁福.大跨悬索桥的设计与施工[M].成都: 西南交通大学出版社, 1999
[24] 中国桥梁信息[EB/OL].http://www.chinabridge.org.cn,2008-3-9
[25] 百度百科.爱丁堡[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/42485.htm?fr=topic,2008-3-13
[26] 潘世建,杨盛福.桥梁景观[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[27] 中华人民共和国国家文物局.国务院关于核定并公布第六批全国重点文物保护单位的通知[EB/OL]. http://www.sach.gov.cn/tabid/96/InfoID/60/frtid/ 134/Default.aspx,2007-11-14
[28] 百度百科.钱塘江大桥[EB/OL]. http://bk.baidu.com/view/139752.htm, 2008-3-16
[29] 筑龙新闻.钱塘江大桥安全通车天数创中国特大桥梁之最[EB/OL]. http://news.zhulong.com/ dongtai/read22231.htm,2008-3-18
[30] 杭州市地方志编篡委员会.重点工程建设[EB/OL]. http://www.hz.cn/ main/zjhz/hzlj/2001/250/T85098.shtml,2008-3-19
[31] 全球旅游指南.钱塘江大桥—浙江旅游介绍[EB/OL]. http://www.it8it. com/_cn/site/cn2225.htm,2008-3-16
[32] 百度百科.钱塘江二桥[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1051329. htm,2008-3-20
[33] 新华社. 钱江铁路新桥开工通行时速250公里动车组[EB/OL]. http://www. 21-sun.com/THENEWS/WebNewsView20040604.ASP?findid=30838
[34] 钟光明.桥魂永恒—记钱塘江大桥纪念馆[EB/OL]. http://zjww.gov.cn/ magazine/2006-11-14/4351494.shtml,2008-3-20
[35] 新华网,武汉长江大桥是我国第一座铁路、公路两用桥[EB/OL]. http://www. hb.xinhuanet.com/zhuanti/2007-10/15/content_11403356.htm,2008-3-23
[36] 陈元玉. 武汉长江大桥护栏装饰图案名族风格[J]. 装饰. 2005(11)
[37] 盛洪飞.桥梁建筑美学[M].人民交通出版社,2001
[38] 新华社.专家称武汉长江大桥主体结构可使用百年以上[EB/OL]. http://www. hb.xinhuanet.com/zhuanti/2007-10/16/content_11416092.htm,2008-3-23
[39] 万敏,陶碧伟.桥头公园的规划设计初探[J].中国园林. 2004(9)
[40] 李自健.天下黄河第一桥[EB/OL]. http://www.51dh.net/ magazine/html/ 827/82718.htm,2008-3-25
[41] 百科探秘.黄河公路大桥[EB/OL]. http://bk.51player. com/view/ 1159395. htm,2008-3-26
[42] 百度百科.中山桥[EB/OL]. http://bk.baidu.com/view/59031.htm, 2008-3-26
[43] 李自健.天下黄河第一桥[J].丝绸之路, 2005(2)
[44] 刘来君,赵小星.桥梁加固设计施工技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[45] 郭卫东.城市港口区再开发[D].上海:同济大学,2006
[46] Aldous T. Britain's industrial heritage seeks word status[J]. History Today,1999(5)
[47] Binney M.Our Vanishing Heritage[M]. London: London Arlingron,1984
[48] 茅以升.中国古桥技术史[M].北京:北京出版社,1986
[49] 唐寰澄.中国科学技术史 桥梁卷[M].北京: 科学出版社,2000
[50] Eric Delony.Context for World Heritage Bridges[EB/OL]. http://www. icomos.org/ studies/bridges.htm#10,2008-3-16
[51] Ironbridge Gorge World Heritage[EB/OL].http://www.telford.gov.uk/ Leisure+culture+and+tourism/Ironbridge+Gorge+world+heritage+site/Managing+and+Protecting+the+World+Heritage+Site.htm,2008-3-36
[52] Bridge Aesthetics[EB/OL].http://bridgeaesthetics.org,2008-3-12