有机肥对羊草草原植物群落物种多样性和生物量的影响
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摘要
本研究以呼伦贝尔天然羊草草原退化打草场为研究对象,分析蚯蚓粪和菌渣有机肥对退化草地的响应机制,研究不同处理对草原植物群落特征、生物量和物种多样性的影响。试验采用单因素随机区组设计,设置对照,蚯蚓粪45t·hm~(-2),30t·hm~(-2),15t·hm~(-2),菌渣45t·hm~(-2),30t·hm~(-2),15t·hm~(-2)共7个处理。结果表明:施用菌渣和蚯蚓粪45t·hm~(-2)时地上生物量和群落盖度较对照显著提高(P<0.05),草原植物群落特征和物种多样性明显增加。有机肥对天然草地的恢复有一定促进作用,对羊草草原植物群落物种多样性和地上生物量有显著影响,其中菌渣和蚯蚓粪45t·hm~(-2)施肥量时改良效果较好。
In order to analyze the response mechanism and the effects of sputum and slag organic fertilizer treatments on grassland plant community characteristics,biomass and species diversity were studied in the degraded natural Leymus chinensis steppe in Hulunbeier.The experiment was a single factor randomized block design,and the seven treatments were as follows:control,sputum 45 t·hm~(-2),30 t·hm~(-2),15 t·hm~(-2),slag 45 t·hm~(-2),30 t·hm~(-2),15 t·hm~(-2).In conclusion,organic fertilizer had certain promoting effect on the restoration of natural grassland,and had significant effects on plant species diversity and aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis steppe.Among them,the improvement effects of the slag and sputum manure at 45 t·hm~(-2) were better.
In order to analyze the response mechanism and the effects of sputum and slag organic fertilizer treatments on grassland plant community characteristics,biomass and species diversity were studied in the degraded natural Leymus chinensis steppe in Hulunbeier.The experiment was a single factor randomized block design,and the seven treatments were as follows:control,sputum 45 t·hm~(-2),30 t·hm~(-2),15 t·hm~(-2),slag 45 t·hm~(-2),30 t·hm~(-2),15 t·hm~(-2).In conclusion,organic fertilizer had certain promoting effect on the restoration of natural grassland,and had significant effects on plant species diversity and aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis steppe.Among them,the improvement effects of the slag and sputum manure at 45 t·hm~(-2) were better.
引文
[1]汪恩华,刘杰,刘公社,齐冬梅,李芳芳.形态与分子标记用于羊草种质鉴定与遗传评估的研究[J].草业学报,2002,04:68-75
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[3]孙尧德.草原退化沙化治理问题分析[J].南方农机,2018,49(08):93
[4]郝耀.草原退化原因及治理对策[J].当代畜牧,2017(23):25-26
[5]黄德华,陈佐忠,张鸿芳.内蒙古锡林郭勒盟过牧冷蒿草场休牧后生态效应的调查[J].中国草原,1985(01):21-24
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[11]李凤莲.农用有机肥料资源分析与开发利用[J].农业技术与装备,2017(05):33-35
[12]云玲.有机肥对土壤理化性质的影响[J].农业与技术,2010,30(03):65-66
[13]周美荣,孙振江,申晓强.蚯蚓粪的研究及应用[J].山西农业科学2012,40(08):921-924
[14]王詝.食用菌菌渣利用方向的探讨[J].农民致富之友,2018(17):37
[15]朱立博,郑勇,曾昭海,等.呼伦贝尔典型草原不同植被类型植被与土壤特征研究[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(3):32-36
[16]张凤杰,乌云娜,杨宝灵,等.呼伦贝尔草原土壤养分与植物群落数量特征的空间异质性[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(2):173-177
[17]林璐,乌云娜,田村宪司,等.呼伦贝尔典型退化草原土壤理化与微生物性状[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(12):3407-3414
[18]何兴东,高玉葆,刘惠芬.重要值的改进及其在羊草群落分类中的应用[J].植物研究,2004,24(4):466-472
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[27]程积民,贾恒义,彭祥林.施肥草地植被群落结构和演替的研究[J].水土保持研究,1996(04):124-128
[28]张大勇,姜新华.群落内物种多样性发生与维持的一个假说[J].生物多样性,1997,5(3):161-167
[29]Tilman D.Resource competition and community structure[J].The Quarterly Review of Biology,1984,17(59):1-296
[30]李建东.我国的羊草草原[J].东北师大学报:自然科学版,1978(1):145-159
[31]陈文业,戚登臣,李广宇,等.施肥对甘南高寒草甸退化草地植物群落多样性和生产力的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(6):31-36
[32]代巍,张荣,独占彪,等.土壤肥力和物种属性决定亚高寒草甸实验群落的生产力[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(1):45-52
[33]陈积山,张强,朱瑞芬,等.羊草草甸草原刈割、施氮对物种多样性与生产力关系的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):910-914
[34]Goldberg D E,Miller T E.Effects of different resource additions of species diversity in an annual plant community[J].E-cology,1990,71(1):213-225
[35]郑华平,陈子首,王生荣,等.施肥对玛曲高寒沙化草地植物多样性和生产力的影响[J].草业学报,2007,16(5):34-39
[36]王鹤龄,牛俊义,郑华平,等.玛曲高寒沙化草地生态位特征及其施肥改良研究[J].草业学报,2008,17(6):18-24
[37]姚静,陈金强,辛晓平,卫智军,乌仁其其格,闫瑞瑞,白玉婷,代景忠.复合微生物肥料对羊草草原植物群落物种多样性和生物量的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(10):108-117
[2]杨允菲,李建东.不同利用方式对羊草繁殖特性的影响及其草地更新的分析[J].中国草地,1994,05:34-37
[3]孙尧德.草原退化沙化治理问题分析[J].南方农机,2018,49(08):93
[4]郝耀.草原退化原因及治理对策[J].当代畜牧,2017(23):25-26
[5]黄德华,陈佐忠,张鸿芳.内蒙古锡林郭勒盟过牧冷蒿草场休牧后生态效应的调查[J].中国草原,1985(01):21-24
[6]Milchunas DG,Lauenroth W K,Burke IC.Livestock grazing Animal and plant biodiversity of short-grass steppe and the relationship to ecosystem function[J].Oikos,1998,83(1):65-74
[7]黄军,王高峰,安沙舟,贠静,李海,张荣华.施氮对退化草甸植被结构和生物量及土壤肥力的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(03):75-78
[8]景美玲,马玉寿,李世雄,王彦龙,李苗.氮肥对大通河上游退化草地的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(03):518-523
[9]黄国勤,王兴祥,钱海燕,等.施用化肥对农业生态环境的负面影响及对策.生态环境学报,2004,13(4):656-660
[10]Solomon S.IPCC(2007):climate change the physical science basis.American Geophysical Union,2007,9(1):123-124
[11]李凤莲.农用有机肥料资源分析与开发利用[J].农业技术与装备,2017(05):33-35
[12]云玲.有机肥对土壤理化性质的影响[J].农业与技术,2010,30(03):65-66
[13]周美荣,孙振江,申晓强.蚯蚓粪的研究及应用[J].山西农业科学2012,40(08):921-924
[14]王詝.食用菌菌渣利用方向的探讨[J].农民致富之友,2018(17):37
[15]朱立博,郑勇,曾昭海,等.呼伦贝尔典型草原不同植被类型植被与土壤特征研究[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(3):32-36
[16]张凤杰,乌云娜,杨宝灵,等.呼伦贝尔草原土壤养分与植物群落数量特征的空间异质性[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(2):173-177
[17]林璐,乌云娜,田村宪司,等.呼伦贝尔典型退化草原土壤理化与微生物性状[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(12):3407-3414
[18]何兴东,高玉葆,刘惠芬.重要值的改进及其在羊草群落分类中的应用[J].植物研究,2004,24(4):466-472
[19]王伯荪.植物群落学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987
[20]孙濡泳,李博,诸葛阳.普通生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993
[21]尚玉昌.普通生态学(第二版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2002
[22]E.C.Pielou.The Measurement of Diversity in different Types of Biological Collections[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology.1966,13:131-144
[23]温从雨,冯敏华.有机肥资源及其利用现状调研[J].农业与技术,2013,33(05):115
[24]邱波,罗燕江,杜国祯.施肥梯度对甘南高寒草甸植被特征的影响[J].草业学报,2004,13(6):65-68
[25]Ditommaso A,Aarssen L W.Resource manipulations in natural vegetation:a review[J].Plant Ecology,1989,84(1):9-29
[26]沈景林,谭刚,乔海龙,等.草地改良对高寒退化草地植被影响的研究[J].中国草地,2000,22(5):49-54
[27]程积民,贾恒义,彭祥林.施肥草地植被群落结构和演替的研究[J].水土保持研究,1996(04):124-128
[28]张大勇,姜新华.群落内物种多样性发生与维持的一个假说[J].生物多样性,1997,5(3):161-167
[29]Tilman D.Resource competition and community structure[J].The Quarterly Review of Biology,1984,17(59):1-296
[30]李建东.我国的羊草草原[J].东北师大学报:自然科学版,1978(1):145-159
[31]陈文业,戚登臣,李广宇,等.施肥对甘南高寒草甸退化草地植物群落多样性和生产力的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(6):31-36
[32]代巍,张荣,独占彪,等.土壤肥力和物种属性决定亚高寒草甸实验群落的生产力[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(1):45-52
[33]陈积山,张强,朱瑞芬,等.羊草草甸草原刈割、施氮对物种多样性与生产力关系的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(4):910-914
[34]Goldberg D E,Miller T E.Effects of different resource additions of species diversity in an annual plant community[J].E-cology,1990,71(1):213-225
[35]郑华平,陈子首,王生荣,等.施肥对玛曲高寒沙化草地植物多样性和生产力的影响[J].草业学报,2007,16(5):34-39
[36]王鹤龄,牛俊义,郑华平,等.玛曲高寒沙化草地生态位特征及其施肥改良研究[J].草业学报,2008,17(6):18-24
[37]姚静,陈金强,辛晓平,卫智军,乌仁其其格,闫瑞瑞,白玉婷,代景忠.复合微生物肥料对羊草草原植物群落物种多样性和生物量的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(10):108-117