从“舆”“轮”论车的起源——科技史语言研究视角
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摘要
"车"的起源问题,是科技史研究中的重要问题,"本土论"与"西来说"的争论由来已久,尚难达成共识。因《说文》"车,舆轮之总名",而"舆"既是构车的基本要素,同时在造字结构上,也表现出极特殊之处,与《说文》车部其他字如轴、辕、轮等截然不同,因此,有非常重要的研究价值。今从科技史语言研究视角,试以"舆"解析中国古车之自行起源。又"舆"虽可证,"轮"却难解,故再上溯而得"专"。既知"专",则可明"轮"不害"舆",二者综之,冀为中国古车自行起源一事之翼佐。
The origin of"Che"is an important issue in the research of science and technology history. The controversy between Nativism and originating from the West is long and difficult to reach consensus."Yu"is not only the basic elements of the"Che",but also shows a very special character in the structure of the word-making at the same time,appearing very different with the other words such as"Zhou","Yuan"in Che Parts of"Shuowen",so there is very important research value. From the perspective of exegesis,this article tries to analyze the origin of Chinese ancient Che by the word " Yu".Although"Yu"can be verified,"Lun"is difficult to understand,so then traced back to"Zhuan".Knowing"Zhuan"and then knowing"Lun"does not hinder understading"Yu",it maybe helpful for the research of the origin of Chinese ancient Che.
The origin of"Che"is an important issue in the research of science and technology history. The controversy between Nativism and originating from the West is long and difficult to reach consensus."Yu"is not only the basic elements of the"Che",but also shows a very special character in the structure of the word-making at the same time,appearing very different with the other words such as"Zhou","Yuan"in Che Parts of"Shuowen",so there is very important research value. From the perspective of exegesis,this article tries to analyze the origin of Chinese ancient Che by the word " Yu".Although"Yu"can be verified,"Lun"is difficult to understand,so then traced back to"Zhuan".Knowing"Zhuan"and then knowing"Lun"does not hinder understading"Yu",it maybe helpful for the research of the origin of Chinese ancient Che.
引文
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[2]王海城.中国马车的起源[C]//余太山.欧亚学刊.第三辑.北京:中华书局,2002;郭物.国之大事·中国古代战车战马[M].成都:四川人民出版社,2004;龚缨晏.车子的演进与传播——兼论中国古代马车的起源问题[J].浙江大学学报,2003(3):21-31;韦静雯.中国古代车的渊源探究[J].南京艺术学院学报,2012(6):101-105;金玉国.古代车战考究[J].军事历史研究,2007(2):110-120.
[3]翟德芳.商周时期马车起源初探[J].华夏考古,1988(1):95-106.
[4]吴于廑.世界历史上的游牧世界与农耕世界[J].云南社会科学,1983(1):47-57.
[5]郑若葵.论中国古代马车的渊源[J].华夏考古,1995(3):41-56.
[6]许慎.说文解字[M].北京:中华书局,1963.
[7]李毅忠.春秋战国“舆人”辨正[J].古代文明,2017(1):33-41.
[8]翟惠林.基础汉字形音义说解[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,2011.
[9]王力.王力古汉语字典[M].北京:中华书局,2002.
[10]谷衍奎.汉字源流字典[M].北京:华夏出版社,2003.
[11]王朝忠.汉字形义演释字典[M].成都:四川出版集团,四川辞书出版社,2006.
[12]吴哲,丁牧羊.中国古代“舆图”一词源流考[J].档案学通讯,2017(6):91-96.
[13]罗振玉.增订殷墟书契考释(中)[M].北京:中华书局,2006.
[14]李孝定.甲骨文字集释[M].台北:艺文图书馆,1981.
[15]朱谦之.老子校释[M].北京:中华书局,2000.
[16]吴毓江.墨子校注[M].北京:中华书局,2006.
[17]王先谦.荀子集解[M].北京:中华书局,1988.
[18]焦循.孟子正义[M].北京:中华书局,1987.
[19]王力.同源字典[M].北京:商务印书馆,1982.
[20]王安石.王安石全集·下[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,1996.
[21]王力.汉语史稿[M].北京:中华书局,2013.
[22]戴吾三.考工记图说[M].济南:山东画报出版社,2003.
[23]马如森.殷墟甲骨文实用字典[M].上海:上海大学出版社,2008.
[24][德]利普斯.事物的起源[M].汪宁生,译.成都:四川民族出版社,1982.
[25]王若愚.纺轮与纺专[J].文物,1980(3):75-77.
[26]陈维稷.中国纺织科学技术史(古代部分)[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1984.
[27]任万明,王吉怀,郑乃武.1979年裴李岗遗址发掘报告[J].考古学报,1984(1):23-52.
[28]河南省文物研究所.河南舞阳贾湖新石器时代遗址的第二至第六次发掘简报[J].文物,1989(10):1-14.