Use of a dispersed iron catalyst for upgrading extra-heavy crude oil using methane as source of hydrogen

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• 作者：Ovalles ; Cesar ; Filgueiras ; Eduardo ; Morales ; Alfredo ; Scott ; Carlos E. ; Gonzalez-Gimenez ; Fernando ; et. al.
• 关键词：Iron catalyst ; Extra-heavy crude oil ; Methane
• 刊名：Fuel
• 出版年：2003
• 出版时间：May, 2003
• 年：2003
• 卷：82
• 期：8
• 页码：887-892
• 全文大小：231 K

文摘

The use of an iron dispersed catalyst, derived from Fe₃(CO)₁₂, for extra-heavy crude oil upgrading using methane as source of hydrogen was studied. The upgrading reactions were carried out batchwise in a stainless-steel 300ml Parr reactor with 250ppm of Fe at a temperature of 410–420°C, a pressure of 11MPa of CH₄, and a residence time of 1h. In the presence of Fe₃(CO)₁₂, the reaction of Hamaca extra-heavy crude oil led to a reduction of two orders of magnitude in the viscosity (from 500 to 1.3Pas), 14 % reduction in sulfur content, and 41 % conversion of the >500°C fraction in the upgraded product with respect to the original crude. The iron catalyst was isolated from the coke produced from the upgrading reaction and was analyzed by XPS, EDAX, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results indicated the presence of a Fe–V mixed sulfide species with a composition ca. (Fe_0.6V_0.4)_zS, where z is in the range 0.8–0.9.