Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices?

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• 作者：Nigel C Rollins ; MD^a ; ^{rollinsn@who.int" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Nita Bhandari ; PhD^c ; Nemat Hajeebhoy ; MHS^d ; Susan Horton ; PhD^e ; Chessa K Lutter ; PhD^b ; Jose C Martines ; PhD^f ; Ellen G Piwoz ; ScD^g ; Linda M Richter ; PhD^h ; Cesar G Victora ; MDⁱ ; on behalf of The Lancet Breastfeeding Series Group^&dagger ;
• 刊名：The Lancet
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：30 January-5 February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：387
• 期：10017
• 页码：491-504
• 全文大小：357 K

文摘

Despite its established benefits, breastfeeding is no longer a norm in many communities. Multifactorial determinants of breastfeeding need supportive measures at many levels, from legal and policy directives to social attitudes and values, women's work and employment conditions, and health-care services to enable women to breastfeed. When relevant interventions are delivered adequately, breastfeeding practices are responsive and can improve rapidly. The best outcomes are achieved when interventions are implemented concurrently through several channels. The marketing of breastmilk substitutes negatively affects breastfeeding: global sales in 2014 of US$44·8 billion show the industry's large, competitive claim on infant feeding. Not breastfeeding is associated with lower intelligence and economic losses of about $302 billion annually or 0·49% of world gross national income. Breastfeeding provides short-term and long-term health and economic and environmental advantages to children, women, and society. To realise these gains, political support and financial investment are needed to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding.