华北克拉通北缘元古宙大庙Fe-Ti-P矿床的挥发份组成和C-H-O同位素研究
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摘要
华北克拉通北缘～1.74Ga大庙斜长岩杂岩体赋含有大型Fe-Ti-P矿床。采用分步加热质谱法分别测定了块状Fe-Ti矿石、块状Fe-Ti-P矿石和浸染状矿石中磁铁矿、磷灰石和斜长石释出的挥发份组成、含量以及C-H-O同位素组成。依据矿物的释气总量变化特征将释气过程分为三个阶段:200～400℃、400～800℃和800～1200℃。根据不同类型矿石中矿物在不同释气阶段的挥发份组成、含量以及C-H-O同位素组成,可将含矿岩体中的流体类型分成四种:(1)斜长石800～1200℃阶段释出的变质流体,主要以H2O、N2+CO和CO2为主;(2)斜长石400～800℃阶段释出的幔源流体组分,主要以H2O、H2、CH4和CO2为主;(3)磁铁矿400～800℃阶段释出的地表流体,主要以H2O、CO2、SO2和H2S为主;(4)所有矿物200～400℃阶段释出的代表后期次生包裹体的组分,以H2O和CO2为主。矿石中的磁铁矿相对富集H2O和CO2等流体组分,是在相对氧化的条件下结晶的;而斜长石释出气体中H2和CH4的含量较高,是在相对还原的环境中结晶的。这反映出斜长石可能是在岩浆早期相对还原的条件下结晶的,而磁铁矿是在岩浆演化晚期相对氧化的条件下结晶的,这一过程的转变可能与岩浆演化晚期,岩浆中的挥发份逐渐聚集以及地表流体的加入有关。岩浆中H2O和CO2等流体含量的不断增加导致岩浆的氧逸度逐渐升高,最终造成磁铁矿的大量结晶并富集成矿。
The ~1.74Ga Damiao massif-type anorthosite complex in the northern margin of the North China Craton hosts a large Fe-Ti-P oxide deposit.Volatiles that were trapped in magnetite,apatite and plagioclase of massive Fe-Ti ore,massive Fe-Ti-P ore and disseminated ore were measured by step heating mass spectrometer at three releasing temperature intervals 200~400℃,400~800℃ and 800~1200℃ to obtain major components and C-H-O isotopic composition.Four types of fluid were identified from the volatiles:(1)metamorphic fluid released from plagioclase at 800~1200℃ temperature interval,mainly composed of H2O,N2+CO and CO2;(2)mantle-derived fluid released from plagioclase at 400~800℃ temperature interval,mainly composed of H2,H2O,CH4 and CO2;(3)surface water released from magnetite at 400~800℃ temperature interval,mainly composed of H2O,CO2,SO2 and H2S;and(4)secondary fluid released from minerals at 200~400℃ temperature interval,mainly composed of H2O and CO2.Magnetite in both massive Fe-Ti ore and massive Fe-Ti-P ore contains high contents of H2O and CO2,indicating a relatively oxidized condition due to concentration of early-formed fluids and surface water at late stage of magma fractionation sequence,whereas plagioclase in disseminated ore contains abundant H2 and CH4,indicating a relative reduced.It is proposed that the parental magma from which the Damiao anorthosite complex formed may have fractionated under a relatively reduced condition at the beginning.The mantle fluids and surface water may have been involved in the later stage of the magma fractionation and fractioned to increase the oxygen fugacity of the magmas,which in turn,triggered the accumulation of magnetite and apatite to form the Damiao Fe-Ti-P oxide deposit.
The ~1.74Ga Damiao massif-type anorthosite complex in the northern margin of the North China Craton hosts a large Fe-Ti-P oxide deposit.Volatiles that were trapped in magnetite,apatite and plagioclase of massive Fe-Ti ore,massive Fe-Ti-P ore and disseminated ore were measured by step heating mass spectrometer at three releasing temperature intervals 200~400℃,400~800℃ and 800~1200℃ to obtain major components and C-H-O isotopic composition.Four types of fluid were identified from the volatiles:(1)metamorphic fluid released from plagioclase at 800~1200℃ temperature interval,mainly composed of H2O,N2+CO and CO2;(2)mantle-derived fluid released from plagioclase at 400~800℃ temperature interval,mainly composed of H2,H2O,CH4 and CO2;(3)surface water released from magnetite at 400~800℃ temperature interval,mainly composed of H2O,CO2,SO2 and H2S;and(4)secondary fluid released from minerals at 200~400℃ temperature interval,mainly composed of H2O and CO2.Magnetite in both massive Fe-Ti ore and massive Fe-Ti-P ore contains high contents of H2O and CO2,indicating a relatively oxidized condition due to concentration of early-formed fluids and surface water at late stage of magma fractionation sequence,whereas plagioclase in disseminated ore contains abundant H2 and CH4,indicating a relative reduced.It is proposed that the parental magma from which the Damiao anorthosite complex formed may have fractionated under a relatively reduced condition at the beginning.The mantle fluids and surface water may have been involved in the later stage of the magma fractionation and fractioned to increase the oxygen fugacity of the magmas,which in turn,triggered the accumulation of magnetite and apatite to form the Damiao Fe-Ti-P oxide deposit.
引文
Ashwal LD.1993.Anorthosite.Minerals and Rocks,21.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer Verlag,83-128
Cao YW.1988.Origin of the Damiao anorthosite and associated Fe-Pdeposit in Chende,Hebei Province,China.Master Degree Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(in Chinese withEnglish summary)
Chen W,Zhao TP,Wei GQand Xu YH.2008.Genesis of nelsonite fromthe Damiao Fe-Ti-P deposit,Heibei Province,China:Evidence fromapatite.Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(10):2301-2312(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Chen W.2009.Origin of the Damiao anorthosite complex and hosted Fe-Ti-P deposit in Hebei Province,North China.Master Degree Thesis.Guangzhou:Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academyof Sciences(in Chinese with English summary)
Darling RS and Florence FP.1995.Apatite light rare earth elementchemistry of the Port Leyden nelsonite,Adirondack Highlands,NewYork:Implication for the origin of nelsonite in anorthosite suiterocks.Economic Geology,90:964-968
Duchesne JC.1999.Fe-Ti deposit in Rogaland anorthosites(SouthNorway):Geochemical characteristic and problems of interpretation.Mineralium Deposita,34:182-198
Dymek RF and Owens BE.2001.Petrogenesis of apatite-rich rocks(nelsonites and oxide-apatite gabbronorite)associated with massifanorthosite.Economic Geology,96:797-815
Eiler JM,Farley KA,Valley JW,Hauri E,Craig H,Hart SR and StolperEM.1997.Oxygen isotope variations in ocean island basaltphenocrysts.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,61:2281-2293
Emslie RF.1975.Major rock units of the Morin Complex,southwesternQuebec.Geological Survey of Canada Paper,74:37-48
Hill R and Roeder PL.1974.The crystallization of spinel from basalticliquid as a function of oxygen fugacity.Journal of Geology,82:709-729
Hu PQ,Zhang MJ,Tang ZL,Li CS and Wang JZ.2007.Chemical andstable isotopic compositions of volatiles in mantle peridotites in theYushigou ophiolite in Qilian orogenic belt,western China.ActaPetrologica Sinica,23(1):169-176
Huebner JS.1975.Oxygen fugacity values of furnace gas mixtures.American Mineralogist,60:815-823
Kolker A.1982.Mineralogy and geochemistry of Fe-Ti oxide and apatite(nelsonite)deposits and evaluation of the liquid immiscibilityhypothesis.Economic Geology,77:1146-1158
Kyser TK.1986.Stable isotope variation in the mantle.In:Valley JW,Taylor Jr HP and O’Neil JR(eds.).Stable Isotopes in HighTemperature Geological Processes.Mineralogical Society of America,16:141-164
Kyser TK and O’Neil TK.1984.Hydrogen isotope systematics ofsubmarine basalt.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,48:2123-2133
Li LX,Li HM,Chen ZL,Wang DHand Chen WS.2010.Hydrothermalmineralization and fluid inclusion study on the Heishan iron deposit,Chende County,Heibei Province,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(3):858-870(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu B.1995.Geochemistry of the Damiao anorthosite and associated Heishan Fe-P deposit.Post-Doctor Research Report.Guangzhou:Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(in Chinese with English summary)
Ma JL,Tao MX,Ye XR and Zhang XJ.2004.Degassing characters andits origin of mantle aenoliths of Yishu Fracture Zone.ActaSedimentologica Sinica,22(1):176-181(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Mattey DP,Carr RH,Wright IP and Pillinger CT.1984.Carbon isotopesin submarine basalts.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,70:196-206
Osborn EF.1959.The role of oxygen pressure in the crystallization anddifferentiation of basaltic magma.American Journal of Science,257:609-647
Philpotts AR.1967.Origin of certain iron-titanium oxide and apatiterocks.Economic Geology,62:303-315
Sheppard SMF.1986.Characterization and isotopic variations in naturalwaters.In:Valley JW,Taylor Jr HP and O’Neil JR(eds.).StableIsotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes.MineralogicalSociety of America,16:165-183
Sun J,Du WH,Wang DZ,Li J,Xu GX and Han YC.2009.Geologicalcharacteristics and genesis of the Heishan V-Timagnetite deposit inDamiao,Chende,Hebei Province.Acta Geologica Sinica,83:1344-1364(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tollari N,Toplis MJ and Barnes SJ.2006.Predicting phosphatesaturation in silicate magmas:An experimental study of the effects ofmelt composition and temperature.Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa,70:1518-1536
Wang GY.1979.The features of rocks and ore deposit in Chende massif-anorthosite in Hebei Province.Hebei Geological Information,4:1-28(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xie GH.2005.The Petrology and Geochemistry of Damiao MassifAnorthosite and Miyun Rapakivi-Granite:Involving Discussion onDistribution and Significance of Global Massif-Anorthosite andRapakivi-Granit.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese)
Ye DH,Yang QW and Xing JR.1996.The Damiao anorthosite andvanadic-titano magnetite and apatite deposits associated with theanorthosite in Chende,Hebei.Field Trip Guide T216,The30thInternational Geological Congress,Beijing,China
Zhang MJ,Wang XB,Li LWand Wang YL.2002.Mode of occerence ofH2in mantle-derived minerals.Acta Geologica Sinica,76(1):39-44(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang MJ,Hu PQ,Niu YL and Su SG.2007.Chemical and stableisotopic constraints on the nature and origin of volatiles in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle beneath eastern China.Lithos,96:55-66
Zhang MJ,Meng GL,Hu PQ,Li LW and Li GZ.2008.Chemicalcompositions of mantle volatiles in ancient Qilian ocean.Journal ofLanzhou University(Natural Sciences Edition),44(4):1-8(inChinese with English abstract)
Zhang MJ,Niu YL and Hu PQ.2009.Volatiles in the mantlelithosphere:Modes of occurrence and chemical compositions.TheLithosphere:Geochemistry,Geology and Geophysics,171-272
Zhang MJ,Li YX,Hu PQ,Wang XB,Niu YL and Fu PE.2009.Recycled crustal volatiles in the subcontinental lithospheric mantlebeneath eastern China.Acta Geologica Sinica,83(3):311-323(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao TP,Chen W and Zhou MF.2009.Geochemical and Nd-Hf isotopicconstraints on the origin of the～17.4Ga Damiao anorthositecomplex,North China Craton.Lithos,113:673-690
Zheng YF and Chen JF.2000.Stable Isotope Geochemistry.Beijing:Science Press,1-316(in Chinese)
曹亚文.1988.河北承德大庙斜长岩体及铁磷矿床成因研究.硕士学位论文.北京:中国地质科学院
陈伟,赵太平,魏庆国,徐勇航.2008.河北大庙Fe-Ti-P矿床中铁钛磷灰石的成因:来自磷灰石的证据.岩石学报,24(10):2301-2312
陈伟.2009.河北大庙斜长岩杂岩体及其Fe-Ti-P矿床的成因研究.硕士学位论文.广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所
李立兴,李厚民,陈正乐,王登红,陈伟十.2010.河北承德黑山铁矿床热液成矿特征及流体包裹体研究.岩石学报,26(3):858-870
卢冰.1995.大庙斜长岩及其中赋存的黑山铁磷矿床的地球化学.博士后出站报告.广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所
马锦龙,陶明信,叶先仁,张小军.2004.郯庐断裂带中段幔源包体单矿物中的气体释放特征和成因.沉积学报,22(1):176-181
孙静,杜维河,王德忠,李健,徐国新,韩玉丑.2009.河北承德大庙黑山钒钛磁铁矿床地质特征与成因探讨.地质学报,83:1344-1364
王关玉.1979.河北承德地区斜长岩体的岩石及矿床成矿特征.河北地质情报,4:1-28
谢广轰.2005.大庙斜长岩和密云环斑花岗岩的岩石学和地球化学-兼论全球岩体型斜长岩和环斑花岗岩类的时空分布及其意义.北京:科学出版社
张铭杰,王先彬,李立武,王永莉.2002.幔源矿物中H2赋存状态的初步研究.地质学报,76(1):39-44
张铭杰,孟广路,胡沛青,李立武,李钢柱.2008.祁连古大洋地幔流体组成.兰州大学学报(自然科学版),44(4):1-8
张铭杰,李延鑫,胡沛青,王先彬,Niu YL,傅飘儿.2009.中国东部陆下岩石圈地幔中的再循环地壳流体组分.地质学报,83(3):311-323
郑永飞,陈江峰.2000.稳定同位素地球化学.北京:科学出版社,1-316
Cao YW.1988.Origin of the Damiao anorthosite and associated Fe-Pdeposit in Chende,Hebei Province,China.Master Degree Thesis.Beijing:Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(in Chinese withEnglish summary)
Chen W,Zhao TP,Wei GQand Xu YH.2008.Genesis of nelsonite fromthe Damiao Fe-Ti-P deposit,Heibei Province,China:Evidence fromapatite.Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(10):2301-2312(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Chen W.2009.Origin of the Damiao anorthosite complex and hosted Fe-Ti-P deposit in Hebei Province,North China.Master Degree Thesis.Guangzhou:Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academyof Sciences(in Chinese with English summary)
Darling RS and Florence FP.1995.Apatite light rare earth elementchemistry of the Port Leyden nelsonite,Adirondack Highlands,NewYork:Implication for the origin of nelsonite in anorthosite suiterocks.Economic Geology,90:964-968
Duchesne JC.1999.Fe-Ti deposit in Rogaland anorthosites(SouthNorway):Geochemical characteristic and problems of interpretation.Mineralium Deposita,34:182-198
Dymek RF and Owens BE.2001.Petrogenesis of apatite-rich rocks(nelsonites and oxide-apatite gabbronorite)associated with massifanorthosite.Economic Geology,96:797-815
Eiler JM,Farley KA,Valley JW,Hauri E,Craig H,Hart SR and StolperEM.1997.Oxygen isotope variations in ocean island basaltphenocrysts.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,61:2281-2293
Emslie RF.1975.Major rock units of the Morin Complex,southwesternQuebec.Geological Survey of Canada Paper,74:37-48
Hill R and Roeder PL.1974.The crystallization of spinel from basalticliquid as a function of oxygen fugacity.Journal of Geology,82:709-729
Hu PQ,Zhang MJ,Tang ZL,Li CS and Wang JZ.2007.Chemical andstable isotopic compositions of volatiles in mantle peridotites in theYushigou ophiolite in Qilian orogenic belt,western China.ActaPetrologica Sinica,23(1):169-176
Huebner JS.1975.Oxygen fugacity values of furnace gas mixtures.American Mineralogist,60:815-823
Kolker A.1982.Mineralogy and geochemistry of Fe-Ti oxide and apatite(nelsonite)deposits and evaluation of the liquid immiscibilityhypothesis.Economic Geology,77:1146-1158
Kyser TK.1986.Stable isotope variation in the mantle.In:Valley JW,Taylor Jr HP and O’Neil JR(eds.).Stable Isotopes in HighTemperature Geological Processes.Mineralogical Society of America,16:141-164
Kyser TK and O’Neil TK.1984.Hydrogen isotope systematics ofsubmarine basalt.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,48:2123-2133
Li LX,Li HM,Chen ZL,Wang DHand Chen WS.2010.Hydrothermalmineralization and fluid inclusion study on the Heishan iron deposit,Chende County,Heibei Province,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(3):858-870(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu B.1995.Geochemistry of the Damiao anorthosite and associated Heishan Fe-P deposit.Post-Doctor Research Report.Guangzhou:Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(in Chinese with English summary)
Ma JL,Tao MX,Ye XR and Zhang XJ.2004.Degassing characters andits origin of mantle aenoliths of Yishu Fracture Zone.ActaSedimentologica Sinica,22(1):176-181(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Mattey DP,Carr RH,Wright IP and Pillinger CT.1984.Carbon isotopesin submarine basalts.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,70:196-206
Osborn EF.1959.The role of oxygen pressure in the crystallization anddifferentiation of basaltic magma.American Journal of Science,257:609-647
Philpotts AR.1967.Origin of certain iron-titanium oxide and apatiterocks.Economic Geology,62:303-315
Sheppard SMF.1986.Characterization and isotopic variations in naturalwaters.In:Valley JW,Taylor Jr HP and O’Neil JR(eds.).StableIsotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes.MineralogicalSociety of America,16:165-183
Sun J,Du WH,Wang DZ,Li J,Xu GX and Han YC.2009.Geologicalcharacteristics and genesis of the Heishan V-Timagnetite deposit inDamiao,Chende,Hebei Province.Acta Geologica Sinica,83:1344-1364(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tollari N,Toplis MJ and Barnes SJ.2006.Predicting phosphatesaturation in silicate magmas:An experimental study of the effects ofmelt composition and temperature.Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa,70:1518-1536
Wang GY.1979.The features of rocks and ore deposit in Chende massif-anorthosite in Hebei Province.Hebei Geological Information,4:1-28(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xie GH.2005.The Petrology and Geochemistry of Damiao MassifAnorthosite and Miyun Rapakivi-Granite:Involving Discussion onDistribution and Significance of Global Massif-Anorthosite andRapakivi-Granit.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese)
Ye DH,Yang QW and Xing JR.1996.The Damiao anorthosite andvanadic-titano magnetite and apatite deposits associated with theanorthosite in Chende,Hebei.Field Trip Guide T216,The30thInternational Geological Congress,Beijing,China
Zhang MJ,Wang XB,Li LWand Wang YL.2002.Mode of occerence ofH2in mantle-derived minerals.Acta Geologica Sinica,76(1):39-44(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang MJ,Hu PQ,Niu YL and Su SG.2007.Chemical and stableisotopic constraints on the nature and origin of volatiles in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle beneath eastern China.Lithos,96:55-66
Zhang MJ,Meng GL,Hu PQ,Li LW and Li GZ.2008.Chemicalcompositions of mantle volatiles in ancient Qilian ocean.Journal ofLanzhou University(Natural Sciences Edition),44(4):1-8(inChinese with English abstract)
Zhang MJ,Niu YL and Hu PQ.2009.Volatiles in the mantlelithosphere:Modes of occurrence and chemical compositions.TheLithosphere:Geochemistry,Geology and Geophysics,171-272
Zhang MJ,Li YX,Hu PQ,Wang XB,Niu YL and Fu PE.2009.Recycled crustal volatiles in the subcontinental lithospheric mantlebeneath eastern China.Acta Geologica Sinica,83(3):311-323(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao TP,Chen W and Zhou MF.2009.Geochemical and Nd-Hf isotopicconstraints on the origin of the～17.4Ga Damiao anorthositecomplex,North China Craton.Lithos,113:673-690
Zheng YF and Chen JF.2000.Stable Isotope Geochemistry.Beijing:Science Press,1-316(in Chinese)
曹亚文.1988.河北承德大庙斜长岩体及铁磷矿床成因研究.硕士学位论文.北京:中国地质科学院
陈伟,赵太平,魏庆国,徐勇航.2008.河北大庙Fe-Ti-P矿床中铁钛磷灰石的成因:来自磷灰石的证据.岩石学报,24(10):2301-2312
陈伟.2009.河北大庙斜长岩杂岩体及其Fe-Ti-P矿床的成因研究.硕士学位论文.广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所
李立兴,李厚民,陈正乐,王登红,陈伟十.2010.河北承德黑山铁矿床热液成矿特征及流体包裹体研究.岩石学报,26(3):858-870
卢冰.1995.大庙斜长岩及其中赋存的黑山铁磷矿床的地球化学.博士后出站报告.广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所
马锦龙,陶明信,叶先仁,张小军.2004.郯庐断裂带中段幔源包体单矿物中的气体释放特征和成因.沉积学报,22(1):176-181
孙静,杜维河,王德忠,李健,徐国新,韩玉丑.2009.河北承德大庙黑山钒钛磁铁矿床地质特征与成因探讨.地质学报,83:1344-1364
王关玉.1979.河北承德地区斜长岩体的岩石及矿床成矿特征.河北地质情报,4:1-28
谢广轰.2005.大庙斜长岩和密云环斑花岗岩的岩石学和地球化学-兼论全球岩体型斜长岩和环斑花岗岩类的时空分布及其意义.北京:科学出版社
张铭杰,王先彬,李立武,王永莉.2002.幔源矿物中H2赋存状态的初步研究.地质学报,76(1):39-44
张铭杰,孟广路,胡沛青,李立武,李钢柱.2008.祁连古大洋地幔流体组成.兰州大学学报(自然科学版),44(4):1-8
张铭杰,李延鑫,胡沛青,王先彬,Niu YL,傅飘儿.2009.中国东部陆下岩石圈地幔中的再循环地壳流体组分.地质学报,83(3):311-323
郑永飞,陈江峰.2000.稳定同位素地球化学.北京:科学出版社,1-316
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