合肥市春季大气PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中碳组分的污染特征
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摘要
2014年4月,应用热/光碳分析仪测定合肥市春季大气PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中的有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)。结果显示,PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的平均质量浓度分别为(124.0±34.3)μg/m~3和(96.3±29.2)μg/m~3,PM_(10)中OC、EC的平均质量浓度分别为(15.1±5.5)μg/m~3和(6.0±2.1)μg/m~3,PM_(2.5)中OC、EC的平均质量浓度分别为(12.1±3.5)μg/m~3和(5.5±2.1)μg/m~3。OC、EC在PM_(2.5)中所占的比例均高于在PM_(10)中的比例,说明合肥市春季PM_(2.5)中碳的含量更高。通过分析8个碳组分及OC/EC比值,发现燃煤、机动车尾气和生物质燃烧是主要贡献源;OC易形成二次污染,EC排放以焦炭为主。
The atmospheric particle samples PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)in Hefei were collected in April 2014,and the concentrations of organic carbon( OC) and elemental carbon( EC) in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)samples were detected with thermal / optical carbon analyzer. The results indicated that the average mass concentrations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)were( 124. 0 ± 34. 3) μg / m~3 and( 96. 3 ± 29. 2) μg / m~3,respectively. The concentrations of OC,EC in PM_(10)were( 15. 1 ± 5. 5) μg / m~3and( 6. 0 ± 2. 1) μg / m~3. The concentrations of OC,EC in PM_(2.5)were( 12. 1 ± 3. 5) μg /m~3and( 5. 5 ± 2. 1) μg / m~3. The percentage of OC and EC in PM_(2.5)were higher than that in PM_(10),which showed that the concentrations of carbon in PM_(2.5)was serious during the spring of Hefei. Based on the analysis of 8 carbon compounds and the ratios of OC / EC,OC was found to be apt to from secondary pollution,while EC was usually char-EC based. Coal combustion,gasoline exhaust and biomass combustion were the important pollution sources in the spring of Hefei.
The atmospheric particle samples PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)in Hefei were collected in April 2014,and the concentrations of organic carbon( OC) and elemental carbon( EC) in PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)samples were detected with thermal / optical carbon analyzer. The results indicated that the average mass concentrations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)were( 124. 0 ± 34. 3) μg / m~3 and( 96. 3 ± 29. 2) μg / m~3,respectively. The concentrations of OC,EC in PM_(10)were( 15. 1 ± 5. 5) μg / m~3and( 6. 0 ± 2. 1) μg / m~3. The concentrations of OC,EC in PM_(2.5)were( 12. 1 ± 3. 5) μg /m~3and( 5. 5 ± 2. 1) μg / m~3. The percentage of OC and EC in PM_(2.5)were higher than that in PM_(10),which showed that the concentrations of carbon in PM_(2.5)was serious during the spring of Hefei. Based on the analysis of 8 carbon compounds and the ratios of OC / EC,OC was found to be apt to from secondary pollution,while EC was usually char-EC based. Coal combustion,gasoline exhaust and biomass combustion were the important pollution sources in the spring of Hefei.
引文
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[29]CHOW J C,WATSON J G,KUHNS H,et al.Source profiles for industrial,mobile,and area sources in the big bend regional aerosol visibility and observational study[J].Chemosphere,2004,54(2):185-208.
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[2]于建华,虞统,杨晓光,等.北京冬季PM2.5中元素碳、有机碳的污染特征[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(1):48-50,55.
[3]HAN Y M,LEE S C,CAO J J,et al.Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of char-EC and soot-EC in the atmosphere over China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(38):6066-6073.
[4]焦瑞,张金生,李丽华.大气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)中有机碳的研究进展[J].环境科技,2013,26(2):75-78.
[5]段凤魁,贺克斌,刘咸德,等.含碳气溶胶研究进展:有机碳和元素碳[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(8):1-8.
[6]赵秀娟,蒲维维,孟伟,等.北京地区秋季雾霾天PM2.5污染与气溶胶光学特征分布[J].环境科学,2013,34(2):416-423.
[7]黄众思,修光利,朱梦雅,等.上海市夏冬两季PM2.5中碳组分污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(4):124-129.
[8]王平,曹军骥,刘随心,等.西安市春季大气颗粒物PM2.5与PM10的特征[J].中国粉体技术,2013,19(6):58-63.
[9]刘浩,张家泉,张勇,等.黄石市夏季昼间大气PM10与PM2.5中有机碳、元素碳污染特征[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(1):36-42.
[10]顾卓良.灰霾天气不同粒径的颗粒物污染特征分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2012,24(2):31-33.
[11]叶堤,蒋昌潭,赵琦,等.重庆市春季大气PM10中有机碳、元素碳浓度水平及污染特征分析[J].中国环境监测,2007,23(3):69-73.
[12]史美鲜,彭林,刘效峰,等.忻州市环境空气PM10中有机碳和元素碳污染特征分析[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):458-463.
[13]ZHANG R J,HO K F,CAO J J,et al.Organic carbon and elemental carbon associated with PM10in Beijing during spring time[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,172(2-3):970-977.
[14]徐永海,赵雪艳,姬亚芹.东营春季PM10中有机碳和元素碳的污染特征及来源[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(1):8-12.
[15]许丹丹,屈晓萍,汪伟峰,等.宁波PM10中有机碳和元素碳的季节变化及来源分析[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(1):49-52.
[16]韩道汶,王思晴,安伟.济南市环境空气中PM2.5的碳组成与特征分析[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2012,22(4):42-44.
[17]王少毅,曾燕君,琚鸿,等.广州地区秋冬季细颗粒物PM2.5化学组分分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2013,25(4):9-12.
[18]吴琳,冯银厂,戴莉,等.天津市大气中PM10、PM2.5及其碳组分污染特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(11):1134-1139.
[19]刘随心,张二科,曹军骥,等.西安2005年春季大气碳气溶胶的理化特征[J].过程工程学报,2006,6(S2):5-9.
[20]张懿华,王东方,赵倩彪,等.上海城区PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳变化特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,2014,35(9):3263-3270.
[21]TURPIN B J,CARY R A,HUNTZICKER J J.An in-situ,time-resolved analyzed for aerosol organic and elemental carbon[J].Aerosol Science Technology,1990,12(1):161-171.
[22]赖森潮,叶计朋,张颖仪,等.广州夏季大气中碳气溶胶浓度水平及污染特征[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2004,43(5):61-65.
[23]LIN J J,TAI H S.Concentrations and distributions of carbonaceous species in ambient particles in Kaohsiung City,Taiwan[J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(15):2627-2636.
[24]HAN Y M,HAN Z W,CAO J J,et al.Distribution and origin of carbonaceous aerosol over a rural high-mountain lake area,Northern China and its transport significance[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(10):2405-2414.
[25]张予燕,俞美香,任兰,等.南京大气细颗粒中有机碳与元素碳污染特征[J].环境监测管理与技术,2012,24(4):30-32.
[26]CHOW J C,WATSON J G,LU Z Q,et a1.Descriptive analysis of PM2.5and PM10at regionally representative locations during SJVAQS/AUSPEX[J].Atmospheric Environment,1996,30(12):2079-2112.
[27]CASTRO L M,PIO C A,HARRISON R M,et a1.Carbonaceous aerosol in urban and rural European atmospheres:estimation of secondary organic carbon concentrations[J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(17):2771-2781.
[28]李建军,沈振兴,同帜,等.西安冬春季PM10中碳气溶胶的昼夜变化特征[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1506-1513.
[29]CHOW J C,WATSON J G,KUHNS H,et al.Source profiles for industrial,mobile,and area sources in the big bend regional aerosol visibility and observational study[J].Chemosphere,2004,54(2):185-208.
[30]CAO J J,WU F,CHOW J C,et al.Characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during fall and winter of 2003 in Xi'an,China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2005,5(11):3127-3137.
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