巢湖流域氮磷面源污染与水华空间分布遥感解析
摘要
基于遥感监测手段,分别应用DPe RS模型和MODIS水华提取方法对巢湖流域氮磷面源污染特征和巢湖水体水华爆发规律进行遥感像元尺度解析,结果表明:2010年巢湖流域总氮产生量为1900.3t,入河量为846.5t;总磷为244.1t,入河量为76t.巢湖流域农业面源污染对氮素污染贡献最大,而水土流失则对磷面源污染贡献最大;综合巢湖流域氮磷面源污染和水华爆发的时空特征分析,明确氮磷面源污染与巢湖水华具有相关性,并且时间上水华爆发频率较氮磷面源污染具有先滞后后同步的特征,且面源污染负荷与水华爆发面积的相关系数为0.45;在空间上,面源污染负荷较大区域与水华爆发频度较高区域也有较好的匹配性;基于这种相关性,应用DPe RS模型对巢湖流域进行氮磷减排情景分析,结果表明在施肥量减少30%,农村生活垃圾处理率提高到60%,畜禽粪便处理率和城市垃圾处理率提高到80%的情况下,氮磷面源污染平均削减率可以达到50%.
Based on the monitoring with MODIS data, the DPe RS model and algae bloom(AB) information were extracted and were used to assess nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) diffuse pollution(DP) and AB characteristics at pixel scale. Results showed 1) the yearly production of total nitrogen was 1900.3t in 2010 and 846.5 t were discharged. The total phosphorus production was 244.1t and the discharge load was 76 t. 2) Agriculture contributes mostly the N-DP, and the water loss and soil erosion had great effect on P-DP. 3) The spatial-temporal feature analysis on N/P-DP loads and AB frequency confirmed that the N/P-DP related to AB. The AB happening lagged the DP firstly and after AB reaching the maxim. The DP and AB had the same temporal trend. The spatial distribution of AB matched well with DP. The correlation coefficient of bloom areas and NP loads was 0.45. 4) The scenarios analysis was analyzed with DPe RS model due to the dependency between DP and AB. The four scenarios could reduce N/P-DP 50% with reducing the fertilizer application 30%, improving the decontamination rate of urban and livestock refuse to 80% and rural life to 60%.
Based on the monitoring with MODIS data, the DPe RS model and algae bloom(AB) information were extracted and were used to assess nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) diffuse pollution(DP) and AB characteristics at pixel scale. Results showed 1) the yearly production of total nitrogen was 1900.3t in 2010 and 846.5 t were discharged. The total phosphorus production was 244.1t and the discharge load was 76 t. 2) Agriculture contributes mostly the N-DP, and the water loss and soil erosion had great effect on P-DP. 3) The spatial-temporal feature analysis on N/P-DP loads and AB frequency confirmed that the N/P-DP related to AB. The AB happening lagged the DP firstly and after AB reaching the maxim. The DP and AB had the same temporal trend. The spatial distribution of AB matched well with DP. The correlation coefficient of bloom areas and NP loads was 0.45. 4) The scenarios analysis was analyzed with DPe RS model due to the dependency between DP and AB. The four scenarios could reduce N/P-DP 50% with reducing the fertilizer application 30%, improving the decontamination rate of urban and livestock refuse to 80% and rural life to 60%.
引文
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[2]刘枫,王华东,刘培桐.流域面源污染的量化识别方法及其在于桥水库流域的应用[J].地理学报,1988,43(4):329-340.
[3]欧阳威,王玮,郝芳华,等.北京城区不同下垫面降雨径流产污特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(9):328-332.
[4]罗倩,任理,彭文启.辽宁太子河流域非点源氮磷负荷模拟分析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(1):178-186.
[5]李开明,任秀文,黄国如,等.基于Ann AGNPS模型泗合水流域非点源污染模拟研究[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(S1):54-59.
[6]张之源,王培华,张崇岱.巢湖富营养化状况评价及水质恢复探讨[J].环境科学研究,1999,12(5):45-48.
[7]李家科,李怀恩,董雯,等.渭河关中段典型支流非点源污染监测与负荷估算[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(7):1470-1478.
[8]Ji C Y,Sun D F.Non-point source pollution in Chao Lake Basin,Anhui,PRC[R].Anhui:Asian Development Bank,2011.
[9]邱斌,李萍萍,钟晨宇,等.海河流域农村非点源污染现状及空间特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(3):564-570.
[10]欧阳威,黄浩波,蔡冠清.巢湖地区无监测资料小流域面源磷污染输出负荷时空特征[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(4):1024-1031.
[11]孔明,张路,尹洪斌,等.蓝藻暴发对巢湖表层沉积物氮磷及形态分布的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(5):1285-1292.
[12]朱利,王桥,吴传庆,等.巢湖水华遥感监测与年度统计分析研究[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(2):162-166.
[13]郝芳华,杨胜天,程红光,等.大尺度区域面源污染负荷计算方法[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(3):375-383.
[14]郝芳华,杨胜天,程红光,等.大尺度区域非点源污染负荷估算方法研究的意义、难点和关键技术[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(3):362-365.
[15]Wang X L,Wang Q,Wu C Q,et al.A method coupled with remote sensing data to evaluate non-point source pollution in the Xin'anjiang catchment of China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,430:132-143.
[16]王雪蕾,蔡明勇,钟部卿,等.辽河流域面源污染空间特征遥感解析[J].环境科学,2013,34(10):3788-3796.
[17]刘志红,Li L T,Mc Vicar T R,et al.专用气候数据空间插值软件ANUSPLIN及其应用[J].气象,2008,34(2):92-100.
[18]Wang X L,Feng A P,Wang Q,et al.Spatial variability of the nutrient balance and related NPSP risk analysis for agroecosystems in China in 2010.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2014,193:42-52.
[19]王桥,魏斌,王昌佐,等.基于环境一号卫星的生态环境遥感监测[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:221-224.
[20]陈云,戴锦芳.基于遥感数据的太湖蓝藻水华信息识别方法[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(2):179-183.
目录
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