滁州花山水文实验流域氮流失特征分析
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摘要
以滁州花山水文实验流域为研究对象,研究不同土地利用类型中各种形态的氮随径流流失的特征。基于2012年10月—2013年9月滁州花山水文实验流域氮素实验观测数据,对流域的氮随径流流失的特征进行了分析。结果表明:林地比重较大的集水区域径流中的TN质量浓度和NO-3-N质量浓度较高,农田比重较大的集水区域径流中的NH3-N质量浓度较高;在林地面积比例较大集水区域,TN质量浓度与NO-3-N质量浓度有较好的相关性;而在耕地面积比例较大的集水区域,TN质量浓度与NH3-N质量浓度表现出较好的相关性。对于嵌套子流域,NO-3-N质量浓度沿河道往下游随集水区域的增大和森林覆被比例的减少而呈逐渐递减趋势;在农田非施肥季节,各个月的TN质量浓度空间上自上而下随森林覆被比例的减少而呈逐渐递减趋势,而NH3-N质量浓度变化较小;在施肥季节,TN质量浓度随NH3-N质量浓度的上升而上升。研究还发现:研究区域汪郢左支断面和军事牌断面的集水区域林地比重高达99.92%以上,虽然人类活动较少,但TN质量浓度较高,分别为2.830 mg/L和4.028 mg/L,高于集水区域农田比重较大的竹园沟断面和新坝断面(两断面农田比重分别为39.59%和35.63%),分别是竹园沟断面和新坝断面的1.42~2.51倍、2.02~3.57倍;这一事实与人们通常的认识不一致,值得进一步深入研究。
In this paper,the characteristics of nitrogen loss with runoff under different land use patterns in Huashan hydrological experimental watershed are studied. Based on the data of sample measurement of nitrogen mass concentrations from October,2012 to September,2013 in Huashan hydrological experimental watershed,the characteristics of nitrogen loss with runoff are analyzed. The results show that,there are higher total nitrogen mass concentration and nitrate nitrogen mass concentration in the runoff of the large proportion of the forest catchment as well as higher ammonia nitrogen mass concentration in the runoff of the large proportion of the farmland catchment.The mass concentration of total nitrogen highly correlates with the mass concentration of nitrate nitrogen in catchments with a higher proportion of forest,while the mass concentration of total nitrogen highly correlates with the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen in catchments with a higher proportion of farmland. For the nested subcatchments the mass concentration of nitrate nitrogen decreased along the river channel downstream with the increase of catchment area and the reduction of forest coverage; in non-fertilization seasons,the mass concentration of total nitrogen decreased along the river channel downstream with the increase of catchment area and the reduction of forest coverage,and the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen has a small change,while in fertilization seasons,the mass concentration of total nitrogen increased with the increase of the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen. The study found that,in the catchment of the Junshipai section and the Wangyingzuozhi section,the proportion of forest is as high as more than 99. 92% and human activities are quite limited,however,the mass concentration of total nitrogen in these sections are 2. 830 mg / L and 4. 039 mg / L respectively,being 1. 42 ~ 2. 51 times and 2. 02 ~ 3. 57 times higher than the one in the catchment of Zhuyuangou section and Xinba section respectively,where the proportion of farmland is 39. 59% and 35. 63% respectively. This fact is inconsistent with the common knowledge of people,which is worth further studying.
In this paper,the characteristics of nitrogen loss with runoff under different land use patterns in Huashan hydrological experimental watershed are studied. Based on the data of sample measurement of nitrogen mass concentrations from October,2012 to September,2013 in Huashan hydrological experimental watershed,the characteristics of nitrogen loss with runoff are analyzed. The results show that,there are higher total nitrogen mass concentration and nitrate nitrogen mass concentration in the runoff of the large proportion of the forest catchment as well as higher ammonia nitrogen mass concentration in the runoff of the large proportion of the farmland catchment.The mass concentration of total nitrogen highly correlates with the mass concentration of nitrate nitrogen in catchments with a higher proportion of forest,while the mass concentration of total nitrogen highly correlates with the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen in catchments with a higher proportion of farmland. For the nested subcatchments the mass concentration of nitrate nitrogen decreased along the river channel downstream with the increase of catchment area and the reduction of forest coverage; in non-fertilization seasons,the mass concentration of total nitrogen decreased along the river channel downstream with the increase of catchment area and the reduction of forest coverage,and the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen has a small change,while in fertilization seasons,the mass concentration of total nitrogen increased with the increase of the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen. The study found that,in the catchment of the Junshipai section and the Wangyingzuozhi section,the proportion of forest is as high as more than 99. 92% and human activities are quite limited,however,the mass concentration of total nitrogen in these sections are 2. 830 mg / L and 4. 039 mg / L respectively,being 1. 42 ~ 2. 51 times and 2. 02 ~ 3. 57 times higher than the one in the catchment of Zhuyuangou section and Xinba section respectively,where the proportion of farmland is 39. 59% and 35. 63% respectively. This fact is inconsistent with the common knowledge of people,which is worth further studying.
引文
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[11]郎海鸥,王文杰,王维,等.基于土地利用变化的小江流域非点源污染特征[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(9):1158-1166.(LANG Haiou,WANG Wenjie,WANG Wei,et al.Effect of land use change on spatial-temporal characteristics of non-point source pollution in Xiaojiang Watershed[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2010,23(9):1158-1166.(in Chinese))
[12]黄金良,李青生,洪华生,等.九龙江流域土地利用景观格局-水质的初步关联分析[J].环境科学,2011,32(1):64-71.(HUANG Jinliang,LI Qingsheng,HONG Huasheng,et al.Preliminary study on linking land use&landscape pattern and water quality in the Jiulong River Watershed[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(1):64-71.(in Chinese))
[2]PRAKASH B,LAWRENCE B,GRAEME L.Relationships between landscape characteristics and nonpoint source pollution inputs to coastal estuaries[J].Environmental Management,1999,23(4):539-549.
[3]WANG X.Integrating water quality management and landuse planning in a watershed context[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2001,61(1):25-36.
[4]TONG S T Y,CHEN Wenli.Modeling the relationship between land use and surface water quality[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2002,66(4):377-393.
[5]李俊然,陈利顶,郭旭东,等.土地利用结构对非点源污染的影响[J].中国环境科学,2000,20(6):506-510.(LI Junran,CHEN Liding,GUO Xudong,et al.Effect of land use structure on non-point source pollution[J].China Environmental Science,2000,20(6):506-510.(in Chinese))
[6]LEE S W,HWANG S J,LEE S B,et al.Landscape ecological approach to the relationships of land use patterns in watersheds to water quality characteristics[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2009,92:80-89.
[7]郝敬锋,刘红玉,胡俊纳,等.南京东郊城市湿地水质多尺度空间分异[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1799-1804.(HAO Jingfeng,LIU Hongyu,HU Junna,et al.Multi-scale spatial heterogeneity of urban wetland water quality in east suburb of Nanjing City[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,21(7):1977-1804.(in Chinese))
[8]李杨,马晓明.深圳坪山河流域土地利用变化对流域非点源污染负荷的影响[J].水资源保护,2012,28(2):42-45.(LI Yang,MA Xiaoming.Impacts of land-use change on non-point source pollution load in Pingshan River Watershed in Shenzhen City[J].Water Ressources Protection,2012,28(2):42-45.(in Chinese))
[9]宋泽芬,王克勤,杨云华,等.澄江尖山河小流域不同土地利用类型面源污染输出特征[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(2):98-101.(SONG Zefen,WANG Keqin,YANG Yunhua,et al.Characteristics of non-point source pollution output of different lands utilization pattern in small watersheds in Jianshan River,Chengjiang[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(2):98-101.(in Chinese))
[10]冯明磊,胡荣桂,许克翠,等.三峡小流域水体NO-3-N含量变化特征及其影响因素研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(1):13-18.(FENG Minglei,HU Ronggui,XU Kecui,et al.Variations and influencing factors of nitrate nitrogen concentration in water in a small watershed of Three Gorges Area[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(1):13-18.(in Chinese))
[11]郎海鸥,王文杰,王维,等.基于土地利用变化的小江流域非点源污染特征[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(9):1158-1166.(LANG Haiou,WANG Wenjie,WANG Wei,et al.Effect of land use change on spatial-temporal characteristics of non-point source pollution in Xiaojiang Watershed[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2010,23(9):1158-1166.(in Chinese))
[12]黄金良,李青生,洪华生,等.九龙江流域土地利用景观格局-水质的初步关联分析[J].环境科学,2011,32(1):64-71.(HUANG Jinliang,LI Qingsheng,HONG Huasheng,et al.Preliminary study on linking land use&landscape pattern and water quality in the Jiulong River Watershed[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(1):64-71.(in Chinese))
目录
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