安徽沿长江东部春季一次大范围雾天气过程诊断分析
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摘要
利用地面气象观测资料、高空探测资料、NCEP再分析资料、芜湖市边界层风廓线雷达资料和高速公路气象观测站资料,分析了2012年3月6日安徽省沿长江东部大范围雾天气过程形成的环流背景及雾生消的物理条件。结果表明:安徽沿长江东部地区此次春季大范围雾的性质为辐射雾,雾发生时雾区上空以西到西南风为主,无明显冷空气影响,地面为高压控制的均压场,有利于雾的生成和维持。由雾生消的物理条件可知,近地面水汽条件较好和长波辐射降温造成的水汽凝结是此次大范围雾形成的重要原因。地面辐射降温形成的近地面逆温层有利于雾的维持,且随着近地面逆温层的抬升,雾层变厚并发展。低空的逆温层则形成稳定的层结,阻止水汽向上传输。近地面风速大小合适,风垂直切变小,低层有湍流,中层无明显上升运动,构成雾形成的有利动力条件;使湿层变厚的同时也阻止了水汽向高层交换,有利于雾的生成和维持。日出后,太阳辐射增强,有利于雾发生和维持的地面辐射降温、逆温和动力条件逐渐消失,雾逐渐消散。
Using surface observed data,upper sounding data,NCEP reanalysis data,wind profile radar data and meteorological station data along the motorway in Wuhu,the circulation and physical conditions about formation and dissipation of a fog process on March 6 2012 along the eastern Yangtze river in Anhui province were analyzed.The results show that this spring fog process belongs to radiative fog.There are mainly westerly to southwesterly winds over the fog area when the heavy fog occurs,without significant cold air.It is controlled by the equal high pressure field in Anhui province,so it is beneficial to the formation and maintenance of fog.The physical conditions about formation and dissipation of the fog show that enough water vapor and moisture condensation caused by long wave radiative cooling are important reasons of the heavy fog formation.The inversion layer formed by radiative cooling near the ground benefits the maintenance of fog,and the fog becomes thicken and develops with rising of the inversion layer near the ground.Stability stratification formed by the inversion layer of low level prevents moisture transports upwards.Low wind speed near the surface,weak vertical shear of wind in middle and low atmosphere,turbulence in low layer,no obviously ascending motion in middle atmosphere,these all constitute the favorable dynamical conditions of fog formation,and they can make the wet layer thickened and prevent moisture transport upwards,which is also beneficial to formation and maintenance of fog.After sunrise,the solar radiation becomes stronger,and conditions beneficial to formation and maintenance of fog like radiation cooling,inversion layer and dynamical conditions disappear,so the fog dissipates.
Using surface observed data,upper sounding data,NCEP reanalysis data,wind profile radar data and meteorological station data along the motorway in Wuhu,the circulation and physical conditions about formation and dissipation of a fog process on March 6 2012 along the eastern Yangtze river in Anhui province were analyzed.The results show that this spring fog process belongs to radiative fog.There are mainly westerly to southwesterly winds over the fog area when the heavy fog occurs,without significant cold air.It is controlled by the equal high pressure field in Anhui province,so it is beneficial to the formation and maintenance of fog.The physical conditions about formation and dissipation of the fog show that enough water vapor and moisture condensation caused by long wave radiative cooling are important reasons of the heavy fog formation.The inversion layer formed by radiative cooling near the ground benefits the maintenance of fog,and the fog becomes thicken and develops with rising of the inversion layer near the ground.Stability stratification formed by the inversion layer of low level prevents moisture transports upwards.Low wind speed near the surface,weak vertical shear of wind in middle and low atmosphere,turbulence in low layer,no obviously ascending motion in middle atmosphere,these all constitute the favorable dynamical conditions of fog formation,and they can make the wet layer thickened and prevent moisture transport upwards,which is also beneficial to formation and maintenance of fog.After sunrise,the solar radiation becomes stronger,and conditions beneficial to formation and maintenance of fog like radiation cooling,inversion layer and dynamical conditions disappear,so the fog dissipates.
引文
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[19]陈晓红,朱佳宁,周扬帆.细网格数值预报产品在大雾预报中的释用[C]//第29届中国气象学会年会S1灾害天气研究与预报分会场论文集.北京,2012:2-9.
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[21]陆春松,牛生杰,杨军,等.南京冬季一次雾过程宏微观结构的突变特征及成因分析[J].大气科学,2010,34(4):681-690.
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[23]濮梅娟,严文莲,商兆堂,等.南京冬季雾爆发性增强的物理特征研究[J].高原气象,2008,27(5):1111-1118.
[24]严文莲,濮梅娟,王巍巍,等.一次罕见的辐射—平流雾研究(Ⅰ)—生消物理过程分析[J].气象科学,2009,29(1):9-16.
[25]李法然,周之栩,陈卫锋,等.湖州市大雾天气的成因分析及预报研究[J].应用气象学报,2005,16(6):794-803.
[26]王玮,黄玉芳,孔凡忠,等.中国东部一次持续性大雾的诊断分析[J].气象,2009,35(9):84-90.
[27]李子华,黄建平,孙博阳,等.辐射雾发展的爆发性特征[J].大气科学,1999,23(5):623-630.
[28]张恒德,饶晓琴,乔林.一次华东地区大范围持续雾过程的诊断分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(5):1255-1260.
[29]陈光,房春花.2009年11月江苏南部一次大雾天气诊断分析[J].气象与环境学报,2011,27(1):54-57.
[2]刘小宁,张洪政,李庆祥,等.我国大雾的气候特征及变化初步解释[J].应用气象学报,2005,16(4):220-230.
[3]童尧青,银燕,许遐祯,等.南京地区雾的气候特征[J].南京气象学院学报,2009,32(1):115-120.
[4]周贺玲,李丽平,乐章燕,等.河北省雾的气候特征及趋势研究[J].气象,2011,37(4):462-467.
[5]李子华,黄建平,周毓荃.1996年南京连续5天浓雾的物理结构特征[J].气象学报,1999,57(5):622-630.
[6]刘瑞阳,濮梅娟,杨军,等.2006年12月南京连续4天浓雾的微物理结构及演变过程[J].气象学报,2009,67(1):147-157.
[7]何晖,郭学良,刘建忠,等.北京一次大雾天气边界层结构特征及生消机理观测与数值模拟研究[J].大气科学,2009,33(6):1174-1186.
[8]江玉华,王强,王正兴,等.一次平流辐射雾的边界层特征及雾水离子组分研究[J].气象,2009,35(2):19-28.
[9]杨军,王蕾,刘瑞阳,等.一次深厚雾过程的边界层特征和生消物理机制[J].气象学报,2010,68(6):998-1006.
[10]刘熙明,胡非,邹海波,等.北京地区一次典型大雾天气过程的边界层特征分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(5):1174-1182.
[11]梁军,张胜军,隋洪起,等.大连地区大雾特征[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(1):28-35.
[12]吴彬贵,张宏利,汪靖,等.一次持续性浓雾天气过程的水汽输送及逆温特征分析[J].高原气象,2009,28(2):258-267.
[13]何晖,金华,刘建忠,等.北京地区一次辐射雾的数值模拟[J].气候与环境研究,2009,14(4):390-398.
[14]田小毅,吴建军,严明良,等.高速公路低能见度浓雾监测预报中的几点新进展[J].气象科学,2009,29(3):414-420.
[15]李岚,李洋,邢江月,等.沈大高速公路雾气候特征与气象要素分析[J].气象与环境学报,2009,25(1):49-53.
[16]王丽萍,陈少勇,董安详.中国雾区的分布及其季节变化[J].地理学报,2005,60(4):689-697.
[17]石红艳,王洪芳,齐琳琳,等.长江中下游地区一次辐射雾的数值模拟[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2005,6(4):404-408.
[18]黄向荣,邓斌,孙亚东.合肥市主要灾害性天气特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(1):45-48.
[19]陈晓红,朱佳宁,周扬帆.细网格数值预报产品在大雾预报中的释用[C]//第29届中国气象学会年会S1灾害天气研究与预报分会场论文集.北京,2012:2-9.
[20]汪茜林,吕娟,徐阳.芜湖雾日的气象统计及临近预报方法研究[C]//第26届中国气象学会年会灾害天气事件的预警、预报及防灾减灾分会场论文集.北京,2009:71-77.
[21]陆春松,牛生杰,杨军,等.南京冬季一次雾过程宏微观结构的突变特征及成因分析[J].大气科学,2010,34(4):681-690.
[22]尹球,许绍祖.辐射雾生消的数值研究(Ⅱ)—生消机制[J].气象学报,1994,52(1):60-67.
[23]濮梅娟,严文莲,商兆堂,等.南京冬季雾爆发性增强的物理特征研究[J].高原气象,2008,27(5):1111-1118.
[24]严文莲,濮梅娟,王巍巍,等.一次罕见的辐射—平流雾研究(Ⅰ)—生消物理过程分析[J].气象科学,2009,29(1):9-16.
[25]李法然,周之栩,陈卫锋,等.湖州市大雾天气的成因分析及预报研究[J].应用气象学报,2005,16(6):794-803.
[26]王玮,黄玉芳,孔凡忠,等.中国东部一次持续性大雾的诊断分析[J].气象,2009,35(9):84-90.
[27]李子华,黄建平,孙博阳,等.辐射雾发展的爆发性特征[J].大气科学,1999,23(5):623-630.
[28]张恒德,饶晓琴,乔林.一次华东地区大范围持续雾过程的诊断分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(5):1255-1260.
[29]陈光,房春花.2009年11月江苏南部一次大雾天气诊断分析[J].气象与环境学报,2011,27(1):54-57.
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