皖江城市带农田生态系统碳排放动态研究
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摘要
基于化肥、农药、农膜、农业灌溉、农地翻耕、农机运用、农作物收割后残留根系分解7个主要碳源,测算皖江城市带1991～2010年农业碳排放量。结果表明:研究区农业碳排放总量从1991年的273万t增加到2010年的535万t,年均增长率为10.35%,同时2010年其排放量约占安徽省碳总排放量的4.43%。1991～2010年研究区人均农业碳排放年均增幅2.6%,农业碳排放密度年均增幅5.84%,碳排放强度年均降幅376.9t/亿元。研究区农业碳排放以农作物收割后残留根系分解为主(占总排放量的59.87%),且化肥碳排放比重年均增长最快达16.18%。各市农业碳排放量六安最大,安庆较大,铜陵最小,其中平均增幅最大为六安2.98万t/a,最小为铜陵0.09万t/a;碳排放强度最大为六安,较大为滁州,最小为铜陵,平均降幅最大为滁州647.74t/(亿元.a),最小为铜陵197.60t/(亿元.a);人均农业碳排放量最大为滁州,最小为铜陵,人均增加量最大为六安4.60kg/a,最小为合肥0.39kg/a;碳排放密度年均增幅最大为芜湖8.36%,最小为马鞍山3.45%。最后根据该区农业碳源的构成特点和动态特征,为其降低农业碳排放提出一些建议。
The carbon emissions from agricultural ecosystem of the Wan Jiang City Belt from 1991 to 2010 was calculated based on seven main kinds of agricultural carbon sources including fertilizers,pesticides,agricultural films,agricultural irrigation,farmland tillage,agricultural machinery and the decomposition of roots after the harvest of the crops.The result showed that the carbon emissions from the farmland of the research area from 1991 to 2010 increased from 2.73 to 5.35 million ton with an average annual growth rate of 10.35%,meanwhile the carbon emissions accounted for 4.43% of the total amount of Anhui province in 2010.The carbon emissions from the farmland per capital and the density of carbon emissions had an average growth rate of 2.6% and 5.84% respectively during 1991-2010,while the carbon emission intensity decreased 376.9 t/(108 Yuan·a).The decomposition of the residual roots of the crops after harvest which accounted for 59.87% was the main composition of the carbon emissions from farmland in the research area,simultaneously carbon emissions from fertilizers increased the most with an average growth rate of 16.18%.Among all the cities of the research area,the maximum of carbon emissions from farmland was in Lu'an and the average growth was 2.98×104 t/a,followed by Anqing,and the minimum was in Tongling with the least growth of 900 t/a.The maximum of carbon emission intensity was in Lu'an,secondly in Chuzhou with the largest decrease of 647.74 t/(108 Yuan·a),while the minimum was in Tongling with the least decrease of 197.60 t/(108 Yuan·a).The maximum of carbon emissions from farmland per capital was in Chuzhou,but the minimum was in Tongling.The maximum of the increased amount per capital was in Lu'an which was 4.60 kg/a,while the minimum was in Hefei which was 0.39 kg/a.The maximum of the average growth rate of carbon emission density was 8.36% in Wuhu,while the minimum was 3.45% in Ma'anshan.Finally,some suggestions were put forward to reduce the carbon emissions from farmland according to the characters of the formation and dynamics of agricultural carbon sources in the research area.
The carbon emissions from agricultural ecosystem of the Wan Jiang City Belt from 1991 to 2010 was calculated based on seven main kinds of agricultural carbon sources including fertilizers,pesticides,agricultural films,agricultural irrigation,farmland tillage,agricultural machinery and the decomposition of roots after the harvest of the crops.The result showed that the carbon emissions from the farmland of the research area from 1991 to 2010 increased from 2.73 to 5.35 million ton with an average annual growth rate of 10.35%,meanwhile the carbon emissions accounted for 4.43% of the total amount of Anhui province in 2010.The carbon emissions from the farmland per capital and the density of carbon emissions had an average growth rate of 2.6% and 5.84% respectively during 1991-2010,while the carbon emission intensity decreased 376.9 t/(108 Yuan·a).The decomposition of the residual roots of the crops after harvest which accounted for 59.87% was the main composition of the carbon emissions from farmland in the research area,simultaneously carbon emissions from fertilizers increased the most with an average growth rate of 16.18%.Among all the cities of the research area,the maximum of carbon emissions from farmland was in Lu'an and the average growth was 2.98×104 t/a,followed by Anqing,and the minimum was in Tongling with the least growth of 900 t/a.The maximum of carbon emission intensity was in Lu'an,secondly in Chuzhou with the largest decrease of 647.74 t/(108 Yuan·a),while the minimum was in Tongling with the least decrease of 197.60 t/(108 Yuan·a).The maximum of carbon emissions from farmland per capital was in Chuzhou,but the minimum was in Tongling.The maximum of the increased amount per capital was in Lu'an which was 4.60 kg/a,while the minimum was in Hefei which was 0.39 kg/a.The maximum of the average growth rate of carbon emission density was 8.36% in Wuhu,while the minimum was 3.45% in Ma'anshan.Finally,some suggestions were put forward to reduce the carbon emissions from farmland according to the characters of the formation and dynamics of agricultural carbon sources in the research area.
引文
[1]田云,李波,张俊飚.我国农地利用碳排放的阶段特征及因素分解研究[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2011,11(1):59-63.
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[9]张林,王礼茂,王睿博.长江中上游防护林体系森林植被碳贮量及固碳潜力估算[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(2):11-115.
[10]罗怀良.川中丘陵地区近55年来农田生态系统植被碳储量动态研究——以四川省盐亭县为例[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(2):251-258.
[11]段华平,张悦,赵建波,等.中国农田生态系统的碳足迹分析[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(5):203-208.
[12]李波,张俊飚,李海鹏.中国农业碳排放与经济发展的实证研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(12):8-13.
[13]SASS R L,FISHER F M,WANG Y B,et al.Methane emis-sion from rice fields:The effect of floodwater management[J].Global Biogeochem Cycles,1992,6:249-262.
[14]徐华,蔡祖聪,李小平.种稻土壤CH4排放规律的研究[J].土壤与环境,1999,8(3):193-197.
[15]童成立,吴金水,向万胜,等.长江中游稻田土壤有机碳计算机模拟[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(3):229-233.
[16]陈亮中,谢宝元,肖文发,等.三峡库区主要森林植被类型土壤有机碳贮量研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2007,16(5):640-643
[17]伍芬琳,李琳,张海林,等.保护性耕作对农田生态系统净碳释放量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(12):2035-2039.
[18]王静,冯永,杨改河,等.山西农田生态系统碳源/汇时空差异分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(1):195-200.
[19]王桂波,南灵.陕西省耕地利用碳源/汇时空差异分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(02):245-249.
[20]赵荣钦,秦明周.中国沿海地区农田生态系统部分碳源/汇时空差异[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007,23(2):1-6,11.
[21]王小彬,王燕,代快,等.旱地农田不同耕作系统的能量/碳平衡[J].生态学报,2011,31(16):4638-4652.
[22]邓祥征,赵永宏,战金艳,等.农田碳汇估算模型与应用研究述评[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(35):17649-17652,17691.
[23]赵荣钦.农田生态系统碳源_汇的时空差异及增汇技术研究[D].南京:河海大学硕士研究生论文,2004.
[24]唐海明,汤文光,肖小平,等.中国农田固碳减排发展现状及其战略对策[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(7):1755-1759.
[25]谷家川,奎良松.皖江城市带农作物碳储量动态变化研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(12):1507-1513.
[2]韩冰,王效科,欧阳志云.中国东北地区农田生态系统中碳库的分布格局及其变化[J].土壤通报,2004,35(4):401-407.
[3]卢娜,曲福田,冯淑怡.中国农田生态系统碳净吸收重心移动及其原因[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2011,21(5):119-125.
[4]吴琴,尧波,朱丽丽,等.鄱阳湖典型苔草湿地生物量季节变化及固碳功能评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(2):215-219.
[5]方一平,秦大河,丁永建.草地生态系统人工干预对经济福利的影响——以黄河源区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(9):1099-1105.
[6]常瑞英,唐海萍.草原固碳量估算方法及其敏感性分析[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(4):810-814.
[7]张林,王礼茂,王睿博.长江中上游防护林体系森林植被碳贮量及固碳潜力估算[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(2):111-115.
[8]方精云,陈安平,赵淑清,等.中国森林生物量的估算:对Fang等Science一文(Science,2001,291:2320-2322)的若干说明[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(2):243-249.
[9]张林,王礼茂,王睿博.长江中上游防护林体系森林植被碳贮量及固碳潜力估算[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(2):11-115.
[10]罗怀良.川中丘陵地区近55年来农田生态系统植被碳储量动态研究——以四川省盐亭县为例[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(2):251-258.
[11]段华平,张悦,赵建波,等.中国农田生态系统的碳足迹分析[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(5):203-208.
[12]李波,张俊飚,李海鹏.中国农业碳排放与经济发展的实证研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(12):8-13.
[13]SASS R L,FISHER F M,WANG Y B,et al.Methane emis-sion from rice fields:The effect of floodwater management[J].Global Biogeochem Cycles,1992,6:249-262.
[14]徐华,蔡祖聪,李小平.种稻土壤CH4排放规律的研究[J].土壤与环境,1999,8(3):193-197.
[15]童成立,吴金水,向万胜,等.长江中游稻田土壤有机碳计算机模拟[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(3):229-233.
[16]陈亮中,谢宝元,肖文发,等.三峡库区主要森林植被类型土壤有机碳贮量研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2007,16(5):640-643
[17]伍芬琳,李琳,张海林,等.保护性耕作对农田生态系统净碳释放量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(12):2035-2039.
[18]王静,冯永,杨改河,等.山西农田生态系统碳源/汇时空差异分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(1):195-200.
[19]王桂波,南灵.陕西省耕地利用碳源/汇时空差异分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(02):245-249.
[20]赵荣钦,秦明周.中国沿海地区农田生态系统部分碳源/汇时空差异[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007,23(2):1-6,11.
[21]王小彬,王燕,代快,等.旱地农田不同耕作系统的能量/碳平衡[J].生态学报,2011,31(16):4638-4652.
[22]邓祥征,赵永宏,战金艳,等.农田碳汇估算模型与应用研究述评[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(35):17649-17652,17691.
[23]赵荣钦.农田生态系统碳源_汇的时空差异及增汇技术研究[D].南京:河海大学硕士研究生论文,2004.
[24]唐海明,汤文光,肖小平,等.中国农田固碳减排发展现状及其战略对策[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(7):1755-1759.
[25]谷家川,奎良松.皖江城市带农作物碳储量动态变化研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(12):1507-1513.
目录
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