巢湖市河流表层沉积物重金属污染和风险评价
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摘要
采集巢湖市不同河道9个点位的表层沉积物样品,检测了7种重金属元素的含量水平,分析空间分布特征,并评价了其潜在的生态风险.结果表明,巢湖市河道表层沉积物中重金属含量水平相对较高,Hg和As的平均含量已经超过沉积物质量基准上限;根据地累积指数计算结果,重金属污染程度大小依次为Ni,Hg,Cu,As,Cr,Zn,Pb,单项重金属潜在生态风险大小依次为Hg,As,Cu,Pb,Cr,Ni,Zn,其中Ni污染程度达到极强污染水平,Hg为中污染水平,但却是最主要的潜在生态风险因子,As表现为较重风险,其他重金属的潜在生态风险相对较低;Hg单项潜在生态风险区域与综合潜在生态风险区域特征相对一致,重金属污染可能存在的主要风险区域为西环城河,相关部门应当足够重视.
Nine surface sediments were collected from urban rivers of Chaohu City,China,for an analysis of 7 heavy metals(Hg,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni and As).A comprehensive way was conducted to investigate distribution patterns and assess the potential ecological risks of heavy metals.The results indicate that the sediments are severely contaminated by heavy metals and mean concentrations of Hg and As are above PEL values.The contamination order of the 7 metals is Ni,Hg,Cu,As,Cr,Zn,Pb according to the mean Igeo values,while the single potential ecological risk of heavy metals followes the order Hg,As,Cu,Pb,Cr,Ni,Zn.The element Ni was the main pollutant and Hg was the second most abundant element with the most serious ecological risks.More attention was demanded to the metalloid As in ecological risk assessments.The pollution of the remaining 4 metals was slight with little ecological risk.The distribution pattern of Hg individual potential ecological risk indices was similar to that of the general potential ecological risk indices for all metals.More concern should be focused to West Huancheng River suffering serious ecological risk.
Nine surface sediments were collected from urban rivers of Chaohu City,China,for an analysis of 7 heavy metals(Hg,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni and As).A comprehensive way was conducted to investigate distribution patterns and assess the potential ecological risks of heavy metals.The results indicate that the sediments are severely contaminated by heavy metals and mean concentrations of Hg and As are above PEL values.The contamination order of the 7 metals is Ni,Hg,Cu,As,Cr,Zn,Pb according to the mean Igeo values,while the single potential ecological risk of heavy metals followes the order Hg,As,Cu,Pb,Cr,Ni,Zn.The element Ni was the main pollutant and Hg was the second most abundant element with the most serious ecological risks.More attention was demanded to the metalloid As in ecological risk assessments.The pollution of the remaining 4 metals was slight with little ecological risk.The distribution pattern of Hg individual potential ecological risk indices was similar to that of the general potential ecological risk indices for all metals.More concern should be focused to West Huancheng River suffering serious ecological risk.
引文
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[2]Birch G F,Taylor S E,Mathel C.Small-scale spatial andtemporal variance in the concentration of heavy metals inaquatic sediments:a review and some new concepts[J].Environmental Pollution,2001,113(3):357.
[3]Ip C C M,Li X D,Zhang G,et al.Trace metal distribution insediments of the Pearl River estuary and the surroundingcoastal area,South China[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,147(2):311.
[4]吴光红,朱兆洲,刘二保,等.天津城市排污河道沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征[J].环境科学,2008,29(2):413.WU Guanghong,ZHU Zhaozhou,LIU Erbao,et al.Concentrations and distribution of heavy metals in urbansewage discharge channel of Tianjin[J].EnvironmentalScience,2008,29(2):413.
[5]Frstner U,Ahlf W,Calmano W,et al.Sediment criteriadevelopment:contributions from environmental geochemistryto water quality management[C]∥Sediments andEnvironmental Geochemistry:Selected Aspects and CaseHistories.Berlin:Springer-Verlag:1990:311-338.
[6]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollutioncontrol:a sediment logical approach[J].Water Research,1980,(14):975.
[7]王永华,钱少猛,徐南妮,等.巢湖东区底泥污染物分布特征及评价[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(6):22.WANG Yonghua,QIAN Shaomeng,XU Nanni,et al.Characteristics of distribution of pollutants and evaluation insediment in the east area of Chaohu Lake[J].Research ofEnvironmental Sciences,2004,17(6):22.
[8]焦伟,卢少勇,李光德,等.环太湖主要进出河流重金属污染及其生态风险评价[J].应用与环境生物学报,2010,16(4):577.JIAO Wei,LU Shaoyong,LI Guangde,et al.Heavy metalpollution of main inflow and outflow rivers around the taihulake and assessment of its potential ecological risk[J].ChineseJournal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2010,16(4):577.
[9]Wang Y,Yang Z F,Shen Z Y,et al.Assessment of heavymetals in sediments from a typical catchment of the YangtzeRiver,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2011,172(1-4),407.
[10]Niu H Y,Deng W J,Wu Q H,et al.Potential toxic of heavymetals from sediment of the Pearl River in South China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences.2009,21(8):1053.
[11]何瑶.上海市表层土壤/沉积物中重金属元素分布特征及现状评价[D].上海:同济大学,2009.HE Yao.The distribution characteristics and assessment ofheavy metals in surface soil and sediment in Shanghai[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2009.
[12]余辉,张文斌,余建平.洪泽湖表层沉积物重金属分布特征及其风险评价[J].环境科学,2011,32(2):437.YU Hui,ZHANG Wenbin,YU Jianping.Distribution andpotential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surfacesediments of Hongze Lake[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(2):437.
[13]张蕾.巢湖沉积物重金属污染特征研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.ZHANG Lei.Characteristics on heavy metal pollution in thesediments from Lake Chaohu[D].Beijing:Beijing JiaotongUniversity,2009.
目录
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