合肥城区地表灰尘氮磷形态分布及生物有效性
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摘要
为了解合肥市城区地表灰尘氮磷形态分布特征及其生物有效性,在城市不同功能用地的不透水地面采集52份灰尘样品.利用化学提取方法,分析测得氨氮(NH4+-N)、硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)、易交换态磷(Ex-P)、铝结合态磷(Al-P)、铁结合态磷(Fe-P)、闭蓄态磷(Oc-P)、钙结合态磷(Ca-P)、碎屑磷(De-P)和有机磷(Or-P)等各形态氮磷及总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量.在此基础上,开展各形态氮磷的空间分布特征、相关关系及生物有效性分析.结果表明,合肥市地表灰尘中氮的主要组成为有机氮(Or-N)、磷的主要组分为无机磷(IP);各形态氮和磷的空间分布受城市土地利用类型影响较大,部分氮磷形态表现出了较为显著的相关性;在工业区、商业区、居住区、文教区、交通区和公园绿地等功能区,生物有效性氮含量分别占TN的质量分数为8.87%、9.60%、6.68%、9.37%、8.20%和8.17%,生物有效性磷含量分别占TP的质量分数为6.70%、18.19%、10.10%、9.69%、10.64%和14.03%.
To find out the distribution and bioavailability of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) species in the urban dusts of Hefei City,52 samples were collected from impervious areas with six different urban land-use types.The contents of ammonia nitrogen(NH+4-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N),exchangeable P(Ex-P),Al-bound P(Al-P),Fe-bound P(Fe-P),occluded P(Oc-P),Ca-bound P(Ca-P),detrital apatite P(De-P),organic P(Or-P) as well as total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were measured by sequential extraction methods.The studies on spatial distribution,correlation and bioavailability of nitrogen and phosphorus species were made according to the analyzed data.The results show that the TN is composed mainly of organic nitrogen(Or-N) while the TP consists chiefly of inorganic phosphorus(IP) in the urban dusts of Hefei City,and the spatial variability of nitrogen and phosphorus species contents are greatly affected by the mode of urban land-use type.In addition,there are significant correlations among partial nitrogen and phosphorus forms in dusts.Corresponding to different urban land-use types such as industrial area,commercial area,residential area,educational area,traffic area and public landscapes and city squares,the average ratios of bioavailable nitrogen content(the sum of NH+4-N and NO-3-N) to TN are 8.87%,9.60%,6.68%,9.37%,8.20% and 8.17%,respectively,while the mean ratios of bioavailable phosphorus content(the sum of Ex-P,Al-P and Fe-P) to TP,are equal to 6.70%,18.19%,10.10%,9.69%,10.64% and 14.03%,respectively.
To find out the distribution and bioavailability of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) species in the urban dusts of Hefei City,52 samples were collected from impervious areas with six different urban land-use types.The contents of ammonia nitrogen(NH+4-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N),exchangeable P(Ex-P),Al-bound P(Al-P),Fe-bound P(Fe-P),occluded P(Oc-P),Ca-bound P(Ca-P),detrital apatite P(De-P),organic P(Or-P) as well as total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were measured by sequential extraction methods.The studies on spatial distribution,correlation and bioavailability of nitrogen and phosphorus species were made according to the analyzed data.The results show that the TN is composed mainly of organic nitrogen(Or-N) while the TP consists chiefly of inorganic phosphorus(IP) in the urban dusts of Hefei City,and the spatial variability of nitrogen and phosphorus species contents are greatly affected by the mode of urban land-use type.In addition,there are significant correlations among partial nitrogen and phosphorus forms in dusts.Corresponding to different urban land-use types such as industrial area,commercial area,residential area,educational area,traffic area and public landscapes and city squares,the average ratios of bioavailable nitrogen content(the sum of NH+4-N and NO-3-N) to TN are 8.87%,9.60%,6.68%,9.37%,8.20% and 8.17%,respectively,while the mean ratios of bioavailable phosphorus content(the sum of Ex-P,Al-P and Fe-P) to TP,are equal to 6.70%,18.19%,10.10%,9.69%,10.64% and 14.03%,respectively.
引文
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[22]李如忠,洪齐齐,罗月颖.巢湖十五里河沉积物污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(2):144-151.
[23]刘玉燕,刘敏.乌鲁木齐城市表层土壤中磷的空间分布及赋存形态[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(2):179-182.
[24]叶琳琳,潘成荣,张之源,等.瓦埠湖沉积物氮的赋存特征以及环境因子对NH4+-N释放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(5):1333-1336.
[25]王圣瑞,焦立新,金相灿,等.长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物总氮、可交换态氮与固定态铵的赋存特征[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(1):37-43.
[26]张志斌,张学杨,张波,等.南四湖微山湖区沉积物磷形态分布特征[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1345-1350.
[27]吕昌伟,何江,孙惠民,等.乌梁素海沉积物中磷的形态分布特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(3):878-885.
[28]De Jonge V N,Engelkes M M,Bakker J F.Bio-availability ofphosphorus in sediments of the western Dutch Wadden Sea[J].Hydrobiologia,1993,253(1-3):151-163.
[29]侯立军,陆健健,刘敏,等.长江口沙洲表层沉积物磷的赋存形态及生物有效性[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(3):488-494.
[2]常静,刘敏,侯立军,等.城市地表灰尘的概念、污染特征与环境效应[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(5):1153-1158.
[3]Zhao H T,Yin C Q,Chen M X,et al.Size distribution anddiffuse pollution impacts of PAHs in street dust in urban streamsin the Yangtze River Delta[J].Journal of EnvironmentalSciences,2009,21(2):162-167.
[4]Dong T T T,Lee B K.Characteristics,toxicity,and sourceapportionment of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)inroad dust of Ulsan,Korea[J].Chemosphere,2009,74(9):1245-1253.
[5]徐素娟,郑娜,刘景双,等.有色冶金区街道灰尘中As和Pb的空间分布特征及其生态风险[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1141-1146.
[6]Schindler D W,Hecky R E,Findlay D L,et al.Eutrophicationof lakes cannot be controlled by reducing nitrogen input:resultsof a 37-year whole-ecosystem experiment[J].Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences of the United Stated of America,2008,105(32):11254-11258.
[7]荆红卫,华蕾,孙成华,等.北京城市湖泊富营养化评价与分析[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(3):357-363.
[8]Ferreira-Baptista L,De Miguel E.Geochemistry and riskassessment of street dust in Luanda,Angola:a tropical urbanenvironment[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(25):4501-4512.
[9]方凤满,蒋炳言,王海东,等.芜湖市区地表灰尘中重金属粒径效应及其健康风险评价[J].地理研究,2010,29(7):1193-1202.
[10]向丽,李迎霞,史江红,等.北京城区道路灰尘重金属和多环芳烃污染状况探析[J].环境科学,2010,31(1):159-167.
[11]LüX X,Song J M,Li X G,et al.Geochemical characteristics ofnitrogen in the southern Yellow Sea surface sediments[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2005,56(1-2):17-27.
[12]李悦,乌大年,薛永先.沉积物中不同形态磷提取方法的改进及其环境地球化学意义[J].海洋环境科学,1998,17(1):15-20.
[13]朱广伟,秦伯强.沉积物中磷形态的化学连续提取法应用研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(3):349-352.
[14]朱广伟,秦伯强,高光,等.长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物中磷的形态及其与水相磷的关系[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(3):381-388.
[15]Wang S R,Jin X C,Jiao L X,et al.Nitrogen fractions andrelease in the sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle andlower reaches of the Yangtze River Area,China[J].Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2008,187(1-4):5-14.
[16]李辉,潘学军,史丽琼,等.湖泊内源氮磷污染分析方法及特征研究进展[J].环境化学,2011,30(1):281-292.
[17]朱旻航,王学良,陈玉成.重庆市主城区街道灰尘中氦、磷污染研究[J].环境化学,2009,28(2):306-307.
[18]刘玉燕,刘敏.乌鲁木齐城市土壤性质及污染研究[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(1):66-69.
[19]郑小康,李春晖,黄国和,等.保定城区地表灰尘污染物分布特征及健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(10):2195-2202.
[20]蒋海燕.上海城市土壤、地表灰尘环境特征分析及其管理体系研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2005.29-40.
[21]陈凯龙,邵慧琳.合肥市绿地土壤氮磷有效性特点[J].南方农业(园林花卉版),2010,4(2):25-27.
[22]李如忠,洪齐齐,罗月颖.巢湖十五里河沉积物污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(2):144-151.
[23]刘玉燕,刘敏.乌鲁木齐城市表层土壤中磷的空间分布及赋存形态[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(2):179-182.
[24]叶琳琳,潘成荣,张之源,等.瓦埠湖沉积物氮的赋存特征以及环境因子对NH4+-N释放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(5):1333-1336.
[25]王圣瑞,焦立新,金相灿,等.长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物总氮、可交换态氮与固定态铵的赋存特征[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(1):37-43.
[26]张志斌,张学杨,张波,等.南四湖微山湖区沉积物磷形态分布特征[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1345-1350.
[27]吕昌伟,何江,孙惠民,等.乌梁素海沉积物中磷的形态分布特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(3):878-885.
[28]De Jonge V N,Engelkes M M,Bakker J F.Bio-availability ofphosphorus in sediments of the western Dutch Wadden Sea[J].Hydrobiologia,1993,253(1-3):151-163.
[29]侯立军,陆健健,刘敏,等.长江口沙洲表层沉积物磷的赋存形态及生物有效性[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(3):488-494.
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