城郊森林游憩活动的环境冲击——以武汉市马鞍山森林公园为例
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摘要
城郊森林游憩作为一种积极型游憩活动,充分认识其环境冲击特性对城郊森林游憩的利用具有重要的理论与实践意义。以武汉市马鞍山森林公园为例,调查分析了植被、土壤的游憩冲击特征。结果表明,植被受冲击程度与游憩活动频次有关,主游憩线路附近强于次级游憩线路,对土壤的冲击主要是践踏和垃圾遗留引起的土壤理化性质变化,受冲击程度的差异直接与游憩活动的强度有关,植被和土壤的主要冲击因子的分布都显示出与游憩活动性质的关联性,最后对游憩冲击的直接冲击和后效冲击2种方式进行了讨论。
Recreation in suburban forest parks often tends to be more active and involves more in nature system than general sightseeing.There are practical and theoretical meanings to fully understand its environmental impacts.Taking Ma'anshan Forest Park in Wuhan as an example,impacts of recreation upon vegetation and soil were surveyed and analyzed.Results showed that degree of impact upon vegetations showed relation with the frequency of recreation activities,and impaction along main recreational route was severer than that along secondary routes.Impacts upon soil mainly resulted from trampling and rubbish residue which changed soil physical and chemical characteristics,and intensity of recreation activity showed differences on the degree of impact.Either for vegetations or for soils,distribution of their main impact factors was connected with propertied of recreation activity.Lastly,two types,that is direct impaction and aftereffect impaction,were discussed.
Recreation in suburban forest parks often tends to be more active and involves more in nature system than general sightseeing.There are practical and theoretical meanings to fully understand its environmental impacts.Taking Ma'anshan Forest Park in Wuhan as an example,impacts of recreation upon vegetation and soil were surveyed and analyzed.Results showed that degree of impact upon vegetations showed relation with the frequency of recreation activities,and impaction along main recreational route was severer than that along secondary routes.Impacts upon soil mainly resulted from trampling and rubbish residue which changed soil physical and chemical characteristics,and intensity of recreation activity showed differences on the degree of impact.Either for vegetations or for soils,distribution of their main impact factors was connected with propertied of recreation activity.Lastly,two types,that is direct impaction and aftereffect impaction,were discussed.
引文
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[7]梅燕.城市森林游憩的开发研究——以成都市为例[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(28):13827-13828,13833.
[8]魏园园.游客游憩行为特点与城市森林公园旅游产品设计[J].林业勘探设计(福建),2007,(1):190-193.
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[10]王艳,陈东田,侯可雷,等.城郊型森林公园规划中的性质定位[J].林业科技开发,2007,21(1):104-107.
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[12]李文苗.城市森林公园游憩者行为特征及满意度研究[J].商业经济,2010,(12):103-104.
[13]吴国清,李天娟,李文苗.基于职业分异的城市森林游憩者的消费需求——以上海市为例[J].城市问题,2011,(2):64-68.
[14]肖亮,张立明,王剑.武汉市居民城市森林游憩需求特征调查[J].林业调查规划,2007,32(1):124-127.
[15]李贞.旅游开发对丹霞山植被的影响研究[J].地理学报,1998,53(6):554-561.
[16]冯学钢,包浩生.旅游活动对风景区地被植物——土壤环境影响的初步研究[J].自然资源学报,1998,14(1):75-78.
[17]邓金阳,吴云华,全龙.张家界国家森林公园游憩冲击的调查评估[J].中南林学院学报,2000,20(1):40-45.
[18]石强,雷相东,谢红政.旅游干扰对张家界国家森林公园土壤的影响研究[J].四川林业科技,2002,23(3):28-33.
[19]陈飙,杨桂华.旅游者践踏对生态旅游景区土壤影响定量研究——以香格里拉碧塔海生态旅游景区为例[J].地理科学,2004,24(3):371-375.
[20]李小梅,张江山,王菲凤.生态旅游项目的环境影响评价方法(EIA)与实践——以武夷山大峡谷森林生态旅游区为例[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(9):1110-1114.
[21]范勇,陈东田,王华田.游憩活动对泰山风景名胜区环境冲击的调查评估[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(3):72-78.
[22]孔祥丽,李丽娜,龚国勇,等.旅游干扰对明月山国家森林公园土壤的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(3):350-353.
[23]肖光明,黄忠良.旅游活动对鼎湖山生物圈保护区植被的影响[J].地理研究,2010,29(6):1005-1016.
[24]付红军,杨懿琨.游憩践踏对张家界国家森林公园植被的影响研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,30(8):143-147.
[2]Roovers P,Hermy M,Gulinck H.Visitor profile,perceptions and expectations in forests from a gradient of increasing urbanization incentral Belgium[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2002,59:129-145.
[3]Hoèrnstena L,Fredmanb P.On the distance to recreational forests in Sweden[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2000,51:1-10.
[4]Arnberger A.Recreation use of urban forests:An inter-area comparison[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2006,4:135-144.
[5]Konijnendijk C C,Randrup T B,Kjell N.Urban forestry research in Europe:an overview[J].Journal of Arboriculture,2000,26:152-161.
[6]Bernath K,Roschewitz A.Recreational benefits of urban forests:Explaining visitorswillingness to pay in the context of the theory ofplanned behavior[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2008,89:155-166.
[7]梅燕.城市森林游憩的开发研究——以成都市为例[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(28):13827-13828,13833.
[8]魏园园.游客游憩行为特点与城市森林公园旅游产品设计[J].林业勘探设计(福建),2007,(1):190-193.
[9]杨财根.城郊森林公园的旅游规划定位研究[J].林业经济问题,2010,30(2):180-184.
[10]王艳,陈东田,侯可雷,等.城郊型森林公园规划中的性质定位[J].林业科技开发,2007,21(1):104-107.
[11]肖亮,张立明,王剑.城市森林游憩者行为偏好研究——以武汉市马鞍山森林公园为例[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2006,17(4):443-447.
[12]李文苗.城市森林公园游憩者行为特征及满意度研究[J].商业经济,2010,(12):103-104.
[13]吴国清,李天娟,李文苗.基于职业分异的城市森林游憩者的消费需求——以上海市为例[J].城市问题,2011,(2):64-68.
[14]肖亮,张立明,王剑.武汉市居民城市森林游憩需求特征调查[J].林业调查规划,2007,32(1):124-127.
[15]李贞.旅游开发对丹霞山植被的影响研究[J].地理学报,1998,53(6):554-561.
[16]冯学钢,包浩生.旅游活动对风景区地被植物——土壤环境影响的初步研究[J].自然资源学报,1998,14(1):75-78.
[17]邓金阳,吴云华,全龙.张家界国家森林公园游憩冲击的调查评估[J].中南林学院学报,2000,20(1):40-45.
[18]石强,雷相东,谢红政.旅游干扰对张家界国家森林公园土壤的影响研究[J].四川林业科技,2002,23(3):28-33.
[19]陈飙,杨桂华.旅游者践踏对生态旅游景区土壤影响定量研究——以香格里拉碧塔海生态旅游景区为例[J].地理科学,2004,24(3):371-375.
[20]李小梅,张江山,王菲凤.生态旅游项目的环境影响评价方法(EIA)与实践——以武夷山大峡谷森林生态旅游区为例[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(9):1110-1114.
[21]范勇,陈东田,王华田.游憩活动对泰山风景名胜区环境冲击的调查评估[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(3):72-78.
[22]孔祥丽,李丽娜,龚国勇,等.旅游干扰对明月山国家森林公园土壤的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2008,29(3):350-353.
[23]肖光明,黄忠良.旅游活动对鼎湖山生物圈保护区植被的影响[J].地理研究,2010,29(6):1005-1016.
[24]付红军,杨懿琨.游憩践踏对张家界国家森林公园植被的影响研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2011,30(8):143-147.
目录
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