合肥市绿地土壤水分入渗性能研究
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摘要
为探明影响城市绿地土壤水分入渗性能的限制因子,提高城市绿地在雨水径流调蓄中的作用,采用双环入渗法研究了合肥居民区、公园、道路绿化带(市政绿地)和文教区(校园)等不同类型绿地的土壤水分入渗特征及其与质地、容重和空隙度等土壤物理性质之间的关系。结果表明:合肥市不同功能区绿地土壤入渗速率在0～40min内下降较快,90～100min后趋于平缓。土壤水分平均入渗速率呈现:公园绿地(2.42×10-5m/s)>市政绿地(2.10×10-5m/s)>小区绿地(0.62×10-5m/s)>校园绿地(0.56×10-5m/s)的规律。土壤稳定入渗率属于快和较快级别的占21.1%,中等及较慢等级的占78.9%。合肥市绿地土壤黏粒平均含量在37.6%～44.7%之间;土壤容重在1.22～1.68g/cm3之间,均值均大于1.40g/cm3;绿地土壤通气孔隙度在9.21%～17.6%之间,其中小区绿地(14.1%)>市政绿地(13.9%)>公园绿地(13.7%)>校园绿地(11.3%)。研究结果为合肥市城区绿地土壤消减城市面源污染设计提供科学依据。
In order to investigate the limit factors that influence soil water infiltration,and increase the adjusting and controlling roles in rain run-off in urban green land,soil infiltration in different functional urban green areas and the soil properties including particle size distribution,bulk density,the total porosity and aeration porosity of soil samples collected from green lands in Hefei urban were investigated.Results demonstrated that in different urban green lands the clay particles were between 37.6% and 44.7% in all the soil samples;the soil bulk density ranged from 1.22 to 1.68 g/cm3,and the mean bulk density was higher than 1.40 g/cm3.The aeration porosity were ranged from 9.21% to 17.6%,and its mean level were in the order:residential area(14.1%) >municipal(13.9%) >park(13.7%) >campus(11.3%).The sharp decreases of soil infiltration were found in the first stage(0-40 min),slow decline in the second stage(40-90 min) and the stable stage(90-100 min) were tested by using the double rings infiltration methods.The mean soil infiltration velocity in different green areas expressed the following rules:park(2.42×10-5 m/s)>municipal(2.10×10-5 m/s)> residential area(0.62×10-5 m/s)>campus(0.56×10-5 m/s).About 21.1% of soil infiltration velocity was in the grade of medium fast and fast,and 78.9% of them in the medium slow and slow grade.Results from this study would provide critical facts for designing urban green lands and reducing urban non-point pollution through green land in Hefei.
In order to investigate the limit factors that influence soil water infiltration,and increase the adjusting and controlling roles in rain run-off in urban green land,soil infiltration in different functional urban green areas and the soil properties including particle size distribution,bulk density,the total porosity and aeration porosity of soil samples collected from green lands in Hefei urban were investigated.Results demonstrated that in different urban green lands the clay particles were between 37.6% and 44.7% in all the soil samples;the soil bulk density ranged from 1.22 to 1.68 g/cm3,and the mean bulk density was higher than 1.40 g/cm3.The aeration porosity were ranged from 9.21% to 17.6%,and its mean level were in the order:residential area(14.1%) >municipal(13.9%) >park(13.7%) >campus(11.3%).The sharp decreases of soil infiltration were found in the first stage(0-40 min),slow decline in the second stage(40-90 min) and the stable stage(90-100 min) were tested by using the double rings infiltration methods.The mean soil infiltration velocity in different green areas expressed the following rules:park(2.42×10-5 m/s)>municipal(2.10×10-5 m/s)> residential area(0.62×10-5 m/s)>campus(0.56×10-5 m/s).About 21.1% of soil infiltration velocity was in the grade of medium fast and fast,and 78.9% of them in the medium slow and slow grade.Results from this study would provide critical facts for designing urban green lands and reducing urban non-point pollution through green land in Hefei.
引文
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[20]刘致远.不同外界条件对土壤入渗性能影响研究[J].山西林业,2008,5:23-25.
[21]赵西宁,吴发启.土壤水分入渗的研究进展和评述[J].西北林学院学报,2004,19(1):42-45.
[2]张国锋,李芳,姜丽.北京城市园林绿地中的雨水利用[J].节水灌溉,2010,5:55-57.
[3]聂发辉,李田,姚海峰.上海市城市绿地土壤特性及对雨洪削减效应的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2008,30(2):49-52.
[4]张甘霖,朱永官,傅伯杰.城市土壤质量演变及其生态环境效应[J].生态学报,2003,23(3):539-546.
[5]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.不同黏粒含量土壤水分入渗能力模拟试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):71-77.
[6]Tumer B L,Meyer W B,Skole D L.Global land-use/land cover change:toward an integrated program of study[J].Ambio,1994,23(1):91-95.
[7]李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分蓄持能力影响模拟试验研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):611-620.
[8]朱冰冰,张平仓,丁文峰,等.长江中上游地区土壤入渗规律研究[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(4):43-47.
[9]李雪转,樊贵盛.土壤有机质含量对土壤入渗能力影响的试验研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2006,37(1):59-62.
[10]黄青,张凯,邓文鑫,等.合肥城市绿地土壤特点[J].城市环境与城市生态,2009,22(2):12-15.
[11]卫熹,唐宁远,李田.上海市绿地渗透性能调查及改良[J].净水技术,2011,30(4):78-83.
[12]张爱国,张平仓,杨勤科.区域水土流失土壤因子研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2003:1-7.
[13]邵明安.土壤物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:83-85.
[14]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999:266-282.
[15]Jim C Y.Soil compaction as a constraint to tree growth in tropical and subtropical urban habitates[J].Environ.Conserv.,1993,20(1):35-49.
[16]方晰,洪瑜,金友芬,等.城乡交错带土地利用方式对土壤理化性质的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(10):1217-1221.
[17]杨金玲,张甘霖,袁大刚.南京市城市土壤水分入渗特征[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):363-368.
[18]Kohnke H.Soil physics[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1968:224.
[19]张永涛,杨吉华,夏江宝,等.石质山地不同条件的土壤入渗特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(4):123-126.
[20]刘致远.不同外界条件对土壤入渗性能影响研究[J].山西林业,2008,5:23-25.
[21]赵西宁,吴发启.土壤水分入渗的研究进展和评述[J].西北林学院学报,2004,19(1):42-45.
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