煤柱失稳的突变学特征研究
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摘要
对建立在力学分析基础上的条带开采煤柱失稳条件进行拓扑变换,得到煤柱失稳的势函数,它符合尖点突变模式.结果表明:煤柱失稳具有突变、缓慢2条路径,相应地形成了煤柱失稳的突然猛烈破坏和较缓慢的“瘫软”破坏;在失稳临界点附近煤柱失稳具有发散性,即控制变量有微小的变化就会引起煤柱失稳;煤柱一旦失稳,如要使其恢复到稳定状态,需要的煤柱强度要比煤柱破坏时的强度大的多;煤柱失稳还具有模态软化特性,可以对失稳的可能性进行估计.根据这些特性,可通过调控煤柱失稳条件使之不失稳,达到控制煤柱稳定的目的.
The destabilization conditions of the coal pillar based on the mechanics analysis were topologized,and the potential function of the coal pillar was obtained,which accords with the model of cusp catastrophe.The results show that the coal pillar destabilization has catastrophe and gradualness paths,which correspondingly cause the violent destroy and the gradualness "weak" destroy.At the critical point of destabilization,the destabilization of the coal pillar is divergent,which means the small changes of the control variables will cause the destabilization of the coal pillar.When the destabilization of the coal pillar occurred,it needs much more strength of coal pillar to restore to the steady state than that when destroying.The coal pillar has mode-soft behaviour,so it is possible to estimate the destabilization.On the basis of these,the coal pillars can be kept stable by adjusting and controlling the destabilization conditions.
The destabilization conditions of the coal pillar based on the mechanics analysis were topologized,and the potential function of the coal pillar was obtained,which accords with the model of cusp catastrophe.The results show that the coal pillar destabilization has catastrophe and gradualness paths,which correspondingly cause the violent destroy and the gradualness "weak" destroy.At the critical point of destabilization,the destabilization of the coal pillar is divergent,which means the small changes of the control variables will cause the destabilization of the coal pillar.When the destabilization of the coal pillar occurred,it needs much more strength of coal pillar to restore to the steady state than that when destroying.The coal pillar has mode-soft behaviour,so it is possible to estimate the destabilization.On the basis of these,the coal pillars can be kept stable by adjusting and controlling the destabilization conditions.
引文
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[3]黄润秋,许强.突变理论在工程地质中的应用[J].工程地质学报,1993,1(1):65-73.HUANG Run-qiu,XU Qiang.Application of catas-trophe theory to engineering geology[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,1993,1(1):65-73.
[4]康仲远.岩体准静态运动失稳的Cusp型突变模型[J].地震学报,1984,6(3):352-361.KANG Zhong-yuan.The cusp catastrophe model ofquasi-static motion instability of rock[J].Acta SeisMologica Sinica,1984,6(3):352-361.
[5]杨修信,殷有泉,康仲远,等.压扭性断层地震过程的Cusp型突变分析[J].中国科学:B辑,1994,24(6):656-663.YANG Xiu-xin,YIN You-quan,KANG Zhong-yuan,et al.The cusp catastrophe model of faultearthquake process[J].China Science:B,1994,24(6):656-663.
[6]张业民,宋长清,刘义贤,等.软黏土流动性的尖点突变模型[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(4):67-70.ZHANG Ye-min,SONG Chang-qing,LIU Yi-xian,et al.Analysis of flowing rule for soft clay with thecusp catastrophe model[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,1995,17(4):67-70.
[7]秦四清.斜坡平面滑动失稳新理论的探索:刚度效应失稳理论[J].水文地质工程地质,1994(5):1-4.QIN Si-qing.The study of the new theory of instabil-ity of slope plane sliding:the instability theory ofstiffness effect[J].Hydrogeology and EngineeringGeology,1994(5):1-4.
[8]徐金海,缪协兴,张晓春.煤柱稳定性的时间相关性分析[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(4):433-437.XU Jin-hai,MIAO Xie-xing,ZHANG Xiao-chun.Analysis of the time dependence of the coal pillar sta-bility[J].Journal of China Coal Societ,2005,30(4):433-437.
[9]王连国,缪协兴.基于尖点突变模型的矿柱失稳机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(2):137-140.WANG Lian-guo,MIAO Xie-xing.Study of mecha-nism of destabilization of the mine pillar based on acusp catastrophic model[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(2):137-140.
[10]王连国,缪协兴,王学知,等.条带开采煤柱破坏宽度计算分析[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(6):767-769.WANG Lian-guo,MIAO Xie-xing,WANG Xue-zhi,et al.Analysis on damaged width of coal pillarin strip extraction[J].Chinese Journal of Geotech-nical Engineering,2006,28(6):767-769.
[11]仪垂祥.非线科学及其在地学中的应用[M].北京:气象出版社,1995.
[12]王连国,宋扬,缪协兴.基于尖点突变的煤层底板突水预测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):573-577.WANG Lian-guo,SONG Yang,MIAO Xie-xing.Study on prediction of water-inrush from coal floorbased on cusp catastrophe model[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):573-577.
[13]吴立新,王金庄.建(构)筑物下压煤条带开采理论与实践[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.
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