汶川“5·12”地震公路灾害分析和防治对策
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摘要
"5.12"汶川8.0级特大地震中,震区公路及其设施设备遭到了极为严重的破坏,公路受损里程累计53 295 km。通过灾后现场调查资料对震区高山峡谷地带的公路破坏特征进行了剖析和归纳。将地震灾害破坏模式划分为两种:一种是与地震同步发生的地震波对公路结构本身造成的直接破坏模式,主要有公路的路面、桥梁、隧道结构本身的变形和破坏;另一种是地震诱发诸如崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、塌陷等次生灾害对公路的间接破坏作用。通过对两种破坏作用的分析,从6个方面提出了对震区高山峡谷地带的公路抗震防灾对策建议。
In "5·12" M8 Wenchuan earthquake,the highway and relevant device in seismic zone were destroyed seriously and a total of 53295 km highway suffered damage.Utilizing field investigation data,the damage characteristics of the highway in high mountain gorge area were analyzed.There are two kinds of seismic damage:one is direct destructive mode of highway structure itself caused by seismic wave happening synchronousely with the earthquake,such as the distortion and destruction of road surfac,bridge and tunnel structure;the another is indirect destruction of the highway caused by seismic secondary disasters,such as landslide,avalanche,debris flow,etc.Based on analysis of the two destructive action,the suggestion for countermeasures against earthquake disaster of highway in high mountain gorge in seismic zone was presented from 5 aspects.
In "5·12" M8 Wenchuan earthquake,the highway and relevant device in seismic zone were destroyed seriously and a total of 53295 km highway suffered damage.Utilizing field investigation data,the damage characteristics of the highway in high mountain gorge area were analyzed.There are two kinds of seismic damage:one is direct destructive mode of highway structure itself caused by seismic wave happening synchronousely with the earthquake,such as the distortion and destruction of road surfac,bridge and tunnel structure;the another is indirect destruction of the highway caused by seismic secondary disasters,such as landslide,avalanche,debris flow,etc.Based on analysis of the two destructive action,the suggestion for countermeasures against earthquake disaster of highway in high mountain gorge in seismic zone was presented from 5 aspects.
引文
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[5]公路工程抗震设计规范(JTJ 004-89)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1989.
[6]公路路线设计规范(JTG D20-2006)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2006.
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[8]Mario Parise,RandallWJ ibson.Aseismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characteristics of landslides triggeredby the 17 January,1994 Northridge,California earthquake[J].Engineering Geology,2000,58(3/4):251-270.
[9]许增会.地震区隧道稳定性的定性判断方法[J].公路交通技术,2005,(03).
[10]丁彦慧,王余庆,孙进忠,唐蕴.地震崩滑预测方法及其工程应用研究[J].工程地质学报,2000,(04).
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[13]薛守义,王思敬,刘建中.块状岩体边坡地震滑动位移分析[J].工程地质学报,1997,(02).
[14]孙进忠,陈祥,王余庆.岩土边坡地震崩滑的三级评判预测[J].地震研究,2004,(03).
[15]许向宁,王兰生.岷江上游叠溪地震区斜坡变形破坏分区特征及其成因机制分析[J].工程地质学报,2005,(01).
[16]李朝安,魏鸿.西南地区泥石流灾害及防灾预警[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,(09).
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