定向钻井中方位角及其坐标的归化问题
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摘要
随着油气勘探开发进程的不断深化,所钻遇的地质环境日趋复杂,对井眼轨迹监测与控制的要求越来越高。为有效地监测和控制井眼轨迹,必须将实钻轨迹和设计轨道归算到同一个坐标系内,这将涉及到磁偏角和子午线收敛角。文中介绍了磁偏角的测算原理和校正方法,论述了子午线收敛角的定义和计算方法,阐述了磁性测斜仪的测量原理,并重点研究讨论了方位角及坐标的归化方法。研究表明,国内的最大子午线收敛角在2°23′以上,这对于水平位移为1000m的定向井,如果不考虑子午线收敛角的影响,井眼轨迹的计算结果在水平方向上将会产生超过41.68m的位移误差。文中较系统地论述了方位角及其坐标归化的有关理论和方法,对提高井眼轨迹的监测精度和可靠性具有实用意义。
With the intensification of exploration and development for oil and gas,the geological environment tends to be more complex for drilling and the demand for measuring and controlling well trajectory is getting higher and higher.In order to effectively monitor and control the well trajectory,it is required to calculate the practical drilling trajectory and the designed one in the same coordinate system,in which magnetic declination and meridian convergence will be involved.This paper introduces the principle and method for determining and correcting the magnetic declination,discussing the definition and calculating method of the meridian convergence,illustrating the measuring principle of magnetic clinometers.It focuses on discussing the naturalization method of azimuth angles and coordinates.The research shows that the maximum meridian convergence is over 2°23' in China.As of the directional well with 1000 meters of horizontal displacement,more than 41.68 meters of displacement error will be caused to the horizontal calculation of the well trajectory if the effect of the meridian convergence is not taken into account.What's more,this paper systematically discusses some other theories and methods about the naturalization of azimuth angles and coordinates,which are of practical significance to improve the accuracy and reliability in monitoring well trajectory.
With the intensification of exploration and development for oil and gas,the geological environment tends to be more complex for drilling and the demand for measuring and controlling well trajectory is getting higher and higher.In order to effectively monitor and control the well trajectory,it is required to calculate the practical drilling trajectory and the designed one in the same coordinate system,in which magnetic declination and meridian convergence will be involved.This paper introduces the principle and method for determining and correcting the magnetic declination,discussing the definition and calculating method of the meridian convergence,illustrating the measuring principle of magnetic clinometers.It focuses on discussing the naturalization method of azimuth angles and coordinates.The research shows that the maximum meridian convergence is over 2°23' in China.As of the directional well with 1000 meters of horizontal displacement,more than 41.68 meters of displacement error will be caused to the horizontal calculation of the well trajectory if the effect of the meridian convergence is not taken into account.What's more,this paper systematically discusses some other theories and methods about the naturalization of azimuth angles and coordinates,which are of practical significance to improve the accuracy and reliability in monitoring well trajectory.
引文
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[16]刘修善.井眼轨道几何学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[2]桂德洙.浅谈钻井测斜仪[J].石油钻采工艺,1999,21(5):45-49.
[3]孔祥元,郭际明,刘宗泉.大地测量学基础[M].湖北武汉:武汉大学出版社,2001.
[4]韩志勇.关于子午线收敛角校正问题[J].石油钻探技术,2006,34(4):1-4.
[5]北京大学地球物理教研室.中国科学技术大学地球物理教研室[M].地磁学教程,北京:地震出版社,1986.
[6]丁鉴海,卢振业,黄雪香.地震地磁学[M].北京:地震出版社,1994.
[7]陈化然,蒋邦本.中国地磁基本场模式建立方法探讨[J].地壳形变与地震,1997,17(2):75-81.
[8]徐文耀,朱岗坤.我国及其邻近地区地磁场的矩谐分析[J].地球物理学报,1984,27(7)511-522.
[9]安振昌.2000年中国地磁场及其长期变化冠谐分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):68-72.
[10]夏国辉,束沛镒,郑双良,等.冀东油田磁偏角现场实测研究及其实用意义[J].地球物理学进展,1995,10(4):99-103.
[11]许绍铨,吴祖仰.大地测量学[M].湖北武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,1996.
[12]熊介.椭球大地测量学[M].北京:解放军出版社,1998.
[13]邬熙娟,江国焰,高俊强.子午线收敛角计算公式及计算精度分析[J].现代测绘,2005,28(6):22-25.
[14]刘向东,吴芝路,关柏利.油井有线测斜仪的设计[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,1999,4(3):92-94.
[15]黎明,刘新元,吕俊平.测斜仪用磁通门和方位测量技术[J].导航与控制,2003,2(1):69-74.
[16]刘修善.井眼轨道几何学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
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