地形地貌对爆破振动波传播的影响实验研究
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摘要
爆破振动波在岩土介质中的传播规律主要受岩体介质特性以及装药参数的影响,但在地形起伏较大的情况下,地形地貌对爆破振动波传播具有非常大的影响。结合广东岭澳核电站二期工程爆破负开挖振动监测,分析凹、凸形地貌对爆破振动波的传播影响。分析结果表明:凹形地貌对爆破振动波具有衰减效应,其衰减系数不仅与其宽度和深度有关,还与最大段药量和爆源距有关;凸形地貌不仅对爆破振动波具有放大效应,而且放大效应具有方向性,振动速度垂直向较水平向放大效应明显;凸形地貌对振动波的放大系数随相对高程增大而增大,而随爆源比例距离增大而减小。另外,凸形地貌的放大效应还与岩性、岩石构造和节理发育程度有关。
The law of propagation of vibration wave of blasting is mostly affected by property of rock material and parameters of explosive loadings,whereas the topography affects greatly propagation of vibration wave under condition of a variety of terrains.Many explosion tests are carried out in the second period engineering project in Ling′ao Nuclear Power Station,Guangdong Province.The dissemination of vibration wave of blasting is analyzed in concave or protruding topography.The results show that the concave landforms have great effects on decreasing scale of vibration wave of blasting.It is found that the attenuation coefficient of vibration wave in concave landform is relative to its width and depth and to charge weight per delay interval and explosive distance.The protruding topography can enhance scale of vibration wave of blasting The amplification effect is related to orientation in protruding topography,and that the vertical vibration velocity is amplified more than that of the horizontal vibration.The amplified coefficient of vibration wave blasting is augmented with relative altitude,but decreases with the scale distance of explosive in protruding topography.In addition,the scale effect of protruding landform is also related to property of rock mass,and the structure of rock and the growth of cranny.
The law of propagation of vibration wave of blasting is mostly affected by property of rock material and parameters of explosive loadings,whereas the topography affects greatly propagation of vibration wave under condition of a variety of terrains.Many explosion tests are carried out in the second period engineering project in Ling′ao Nuclear Power Station,Guangdong Province.The dissemination of vibration wave of blasting is analyzed in concave or protruding topography.The results show that the concave landforms have great effects on decreasing scale of vibration wave of blasting.It is found that the attenuation coefficient of vibration wave in concave landform is relative to its width and depth and to charge weight per delay interval and explosive distance.The protruding topography can enhance scale of vibration wave of blasting The amplification effect is related to orientation in protruding topography,and that the vertical vibration velocity is amplified more than that of the horizontal vibration.The amplified coefficient of vibration wave blasting is augmented with relative altitude,but decreases with the scale distance of explosive in protruding topography.In addition,the scale effect of protruding landform is also related to property of rock mass,and the structure of rock and the growth of cranny.
引文
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[14]崔志刚,邹永超,刘殿魁.SH波对圆弧形凸起地形的散射[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(4):8–14.(CUI Zhigang,ZOU Yongchao,LIU Diankui.Scattering of plane SH-wave by a cylindrical hill of circular-arc cross section[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1998,18(4):8–14.(in Chinese))
[15]袁晓铭,廖振鹏.任意圆弧形凸起地形对平面SH波的散射[J].地震工程与工程振动,1996,16(2):1–13.(YUAN Xiaoming,LIAO Zhenpeng.Scattering of plane SH waves by a cylindrical hill of circular-arc cross-section[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1996,16(2):1–13.(in Chinese))
[2]朱振海,杨永琦.沟槽对建筑物减震作用的动光弹研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1989,9(1):55–60.(ZHU Zhenhai,YANG Yongqi.Research on effect decreasing quake of groove on the building with dynamic photo elasticity[J].Explosion and Shock Wave,1989,9(1):55–60.(in Chinese))
[3]SPYROS S,FOTIS R.Computer simulation of shock waves transmission in obstructed terrains[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2004,17(6):407–417.
[4]ZHANG Q,BAI C H,LIU Q M,et al.Experimental research on amplitude change of blasting seismic wave with topography[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2000,9(3):237–242.
[5]方向,高振儒,李的林,等.降低爆破地震效应的几种方法[J].爆破器材,2003,32(3):22–26.(FANG Xiang,GAO Zhenru,LI Delin,et al.Several methods of reducing ground vibration effects from blasting[J].Explosive Materials,2003,32(3):22–26.(in Chinese))
[6]洪悯萱.波的传播及其与介质间断相互作用的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,1987,8(3):21–29.(HONG Minxuan.Numerical simulation research of effect of wave dissemination and medium gap[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1987,8(3):21–29.(in Chinese))
[7]李维学,张方春,宋友文.工程爆破现场测试的几个技术问题[J].煤矿爆破,1998(,1):19–20.(LI Weixue,ZHANG Fangchun,SONG Youwen.Several technical questions of local test on engineering blasting[J].Coal Blasting,1998,(1):19–20.(in Chinese))
[8]易长平,许红涛,卢文波,等.河道对爆破地震波传播规律的影响分析[J].长江科学院院报,2003,20(增):5–7.(YI Changping,XU Hongtao,LU Wenbo,et al.Influence of riverway on transmission of blasting seismic wave[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2003,20(Supp):5–7.(in Chinese))
[9]周同龄,李玉寿.反映高程的爆破震动公式及其应用[J].江苏煤炭,1997,(4):21–22.(ZHOU Tongling,LI Yushou.Application of blasting vibration formula related to highness[J].Jiangsu Coal,1997,(4):21–22.(in Chinese))
[10]胡刚,吴云龙.爆破地震振动控制的一种方法[J].煤炭技术,2004,23(4):104–106.(HU Gang,WU Yunlong.A new method of the control of the earthquake vibration caused by explosive[J].Coal Technology,2004,23(4):104–106.(in Chinese))
[11]舒大强,何蕴龙,董振华.岩质高边坡开挖爆破震动荷载及其对边坡稳定性影响的研究[J].工程爆破,1996,2(4):39–43.(SHU Daqiang,HE Yunlong,DONG Zhenhua.Research on vibration load from excavation blasting and its influence on stability of rock high-slope[J].Engineering Blasting,1996,2(4):39–43.(in Chinese))
[12]MASAHIKO F,MASAYOSHI N.Finite difference analysis of Rayleigh wave transmission past an upward step change[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1984,74(3):893–911.
[13]DALLY J W,DAVID L.A photoelastic analysis of propagation of Rayleigh waves past a step change in elevation[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1968,58(2):539–563.
[14]崔志刚,邹永超,刘殿魁.SH波对圆弧形凸起地形的散射[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(4):8–14.(CUI Zhigang,ZOU Yongchao,LIU Diankui.Scattering of plane SH-wave by a cylindrical hill of circular-arc cross section[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1998,18(4):8–14.(in Chinese))
[15]袁晓铭,廖振鹏.任意圆弧形凸起地形对平面SH波的散射[J].地震工程与工程振动,1996,16(2):1–13.(YUAN Xiaoming,LIAO Zhenpeng.Scattering of plane SH waves by a cylindrical hill of circular-arc cross-section[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1996,16(2):1–13.(in Chinese))
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