典型古建筑保护中的基础性问题研究
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摘要
讨论了古建筑修缮原则中有关其结构方面的问题。整理1:100应县木塔比例模型风洞试验,得到木塔开窗和闭窗两种状态的风压体型系数;分析了木塔院区塔基土的工程物理性质和力学性质;得出了木塔的基础结构状况。云冈石窟存在多种病害,但最主要包括水害、裂隙发育和岩体崩塌、风化、环境污染,对这些病害的防治与治理方法是此类文物建筑的长期重点研究与实施内容。平遥古城墙为土筑墙体,年代久远,自然、人为损伤不断,坍塌时有发生,计算分析了几类典型损伤导致的墙体破坏特点。
The repairing principle problems of old building structures are discussed. The wind tunnel tests were carried out on 1:100 scale wooden tower model by selecting two wind speeds and two cases (window opened and closed), from which the octal wind pressure coefficient were derived. Consequently, the engineering physical property, mechanical property by specimen analyses, standard infiltrating tests and calm force touching surveying tests are obtained. The foundation composition and delamination composition of the tower courtyard foundation by resistivity tomography with surface electrode arrays are explored and attained. There are various diseases in Yungang Grottoes, including water harming, cracks and collapses of rock, the breeze causing and pollution of the environment. Thusly, a long-term research work is needed for the prevention and cure. The pingyao ancient city wall is a combination wall of the soil and brick. For the long age, there are collapsing affairs usually by nature and artificial hurting. In order to do the research, the wall-body breaking characteristics are gotten by computing several typical wall models.
The repairing principle problems of old building structures are discussed. The wind tunnel tests were carried out on 1:100 scale wooden tower model by selecting two wind speeds and two cases (window opened and closed), from which the octal wind pressure coefficient were derived. Consequently, the engineering physical property, mechanical property by specimen analyses, standard infiltrating tests and calm force touching surveying tests are obtained. The foundation composition and delamination composition of the tower courtyard foundation by resistivity tomography with surface electrode arrays are explored and attained. There are various diseases in Yungang Grottoes, including water harming, cracks and collapses of rock, the breeze causing and pollution of the environment. Thusly, a long-term research work is needed for the prevention and cure. The pingyao ancient city wall is a combination wall of the soil and brick. For the long age, there are collapsing affairs usually by nature and artificial hurting. In order to do the research, the wall-body breaking characteristics are gotten by computing several typical wall models.
引文
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[7]李铁英,魏剑伟,李世温,张善元.木结构双参数地震损坏准则及应县木塔地震反应评价[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(2):91~98.Li Tieying,Wei Jianwei,Li Shiwen,Zhang Shanyuan.Double-parameters seismic damage criterion on wooden structure and seismic reaction appraisement on Yingxian wooden tower[J].Journal of Building Structures,2004,25(2):91~98.(in Chinese)
[8]李铁英,魏剑伟,李世温,张善元.应县木塔实体结构的动态特性试验与分析[J].工程力学,2005,22(1):141~146.Li Tieying,Wei Jianwei,Li Shiwen,Zhang Shanyuan.Experiment and analysis of vibration characteristiscs of yingxian wooden tower[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(1):141~146.(in Chinese)
[9]李铁英,魏剑伟,李世温,张善元.高层古建筑木结构——应县木塔现状结构评价[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(2):51~58.Li Tieying,Wei Jianwei,Li Shiwen,Zhang Shanyuan.Appraisal on the structure of the Yingxian wooden tower[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(2):51~58.(in Chinese)
[10]李铁英,秦慧敏.应县木塔现状结构残损分析及修缮探讨[J].工程力学,2005,22(增):199~212.Li Tieying,Qin Huimin.Structural analysis and repair of Yingxian wooden tower[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,S22:199~212.(in Chinese)
[11]陈国顺,贾蕾,郭文生,王宏力.山西应县木塔环境地质及活动断层的研究[J].山西地震,1998,15(3/4):60~71.Chen Guoshun,Jia Lei,Guo Wensheng,Wang Hongli.The research of Shanxi Yingxian wooden tower environment geology and the layer activity[J].Earthquake Reseach in Shanxi,1998,15(3/4):60~71.(in Chinese)
[12]冯锐,阎维彰,冯国政,陶裕录.层析技术用于考古—山西应县木塔的基础结构[J].地震学报,1998,20(2):201~209.Feng Rui,Yan Weizhang,Feng Guozheng,Tao Yulu.Archaeological investigation by geotomography:structure of the foundation of Yingxian timber pagoda[J].Acta Seismol Sin,1998,20(2):201~209.(in Chinese)
[13]黄继中.云冈石窟地质特征研究[J].文物保护,2003,12(5):91~93.Huang Jizhong.The geology characters of Yungang Grottoes[J].Conservation of Cultural Object,2003,12(5):91~93.(in Chinese)
[14]张红梅,马国栋,速宝玉.大同云岗石窟文物渗水病害防治方案探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2004,11(5):64~67.Zhang Hongmei,Ma Guodong,Su Baoyu.A discussion of the treatment of water disease of the stone carvings in the Yungang grotto near Datong[J].Hydrology Geology and Engineering Geology,2004,11(5):64~67.(in Chinese)
[15]黄继中,张俊芳.粉尘对云冈石窟石雕影响的研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2004,16(1):1~7.Huang Jizhong,Zhang Junfang.Influence of airborne particles on the stone sculptures of Yungang Grottoes[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2004,16(1):1~7.(in Chinese)
[16]黄继中.云冈石窟主要病害及治理[J].雁北师范学院学报,2003,19(5):57~59.Huang Jizhong.Main damages and preservation of the Yungang Crottoes[J].Journal of Yanbei Normal University,2003,19(5):57~59.(in Chinese)
[17]雷宏刚,魏旺栓.平遥古城墙安全性分析与加固技术研究[D].山西:太原理工大学,2006.Lei Honggang,Wei Wangshuan.The safety analysis and reinforcing technique research on pingyao old city-wall[D].Shanxi:Taiyuan University of Technology,2006.(in Chinese)
[2]太原工学院,山西省文物局.应县木塔木材取样试验报告[R].山西:太原工学院,1979.Taiyuan engineering college,Shanxi department of cultural relic.Timber sampling test report of yingxian wooden tower[R].Shanxi:Taiyuan Engineering College,1979.(in Chinese)
[3]李世温,王晋生.应县木塔抗震性能研究[R].山西:太原工业大学,1996.Li Shiwen,Wang Jinsheng.Anti-seismic research on yingxian wooden tower[R].Shanxi:Taiyuan Engineering University,1996.(in Chinese)
[4]李世温,陈正廷.应县木塔荷载研究[R].山西:太原理工大学,2000.Li Shiwen,Chen Zhengting.Load research on yingxian wooden tower[R].Shanxi:Taiyuan University of Technology,2000.
[5]李世温,李庆玲.中国建筑——应县木塔[M].台北:锦绣出版事业股份有限公司,2002.Li Shiwen,Li Qingling.Chinse architecture——Yingxian woodentower[M].Taibei:Jingxiu Press.2002.(in Chinese)
[6]李铁英,魏剑伟,李世温,张善元.古木塔场地抗震性能评价及地震参数选择[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):660~662.Li Tieying,Wei Jianwei,Li Shiwen,Zhang Shanyuan.Estimating of aseismatic property and selection of seismic parameter of old wooden tower ground[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(5):660~662.(in Chinese)
[7]李铁英,魏剑伟,李世温,张善元.木结构双参数地震损坏准则及应县木塔地震反应评价[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(2):91~98.Li Tieying,Wei Jianwei,Li Shiwen,Zhang Shanyuan.Double-parameters seismic damage criterion on wooden structure and seismic reaction appraisement on Yingxian wooden tower[J].Journal of Building Structures,2004,25(2):91~98.(in Chinese)
[8]李铁英,魏剑伟,李世温,张善元.应县木塔实体结构的动态特性试验与分析[J].工程力学,2005,22(1):141~146.Li Tieying,Wei Jianwei,Li Shiwen,Zhang Shanyuan.Experiment and analysis of vibration characteristiscs of yingxian wooden tower[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(1):141~146.(in Chinese)
[9]李铁英,魏剑伟,李世温,张善元.高层古建筑木结构——应县木塔现状结构评价[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(2):51~58.Li Tieying,Wei Jianwei,Li Shiwen,Zhang Shanyuan.Appraisal on the structure of the Yingxian wooden tower[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(2):51~58.(in Chinese)
[10]李铁英,秦慧敏.应县木塔现状结构残损分析及修缮探讨[J].工程力学,2005,22(增):199~212.Li Tieying,Qin Huimin.Structural analysis and repair of Yingxian wooden tower[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,S22:199~212.(in Chinese)
[11]陈国顺,贾蕾,郭文生,王宏力.山西应县木塔环境地质及活动断层的研究[J].山西地震,1998,15(3/4):60~71.Chen Guoshun,Jia Lei,Guo Wensheng,Wang Hongli.The research of Shanxi Yingxian wooden tower environment geology and the layer activity[J].Earthquake Reseach in Shanxi,1998,15(3/4):60~71.(in Chinese)
[12]冯锐,阎维彰,冯国政,陶裕录.层析技术用于考古—山西应县木塔的基础结构[J].地震学报,1998,20(2):201~209.Feng Rui,Yan Weizhang,Feng Guozheng,Tao Yulu.Archaeological investigation by geotomography:structure of the foundation of Yingxian timber pagoda[J].Acta Seismol Sin,1998,20(2):201~209.(in Chinese)
[13]黄继中.云冈石窟地质特征研究[J].文物保护,2003,12(5):91~93.Huang Jizhong.The geology characters of Yungang Grottoes[J].Conservation of Cultural Object,2003,12(5):91~93.(in Chinese)
[14]张红梅,马国栋,速宝玉.大同云岗石窟文物渗水病害防治方案探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2004,11(5):64~67.Zhang Hongmei,Ma Guodong,Su Baoyu.A discussion of the treatment of water disease of the stone carvings in the Yungang grotto near Datong[J].Hydrology Geology and Engineering Geology,2004,11(5):64~67.(in Chinese)
[15]黄继中,张俊芳.粉尘对云冈石窟石雕影响的研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2004,16(1):1~7.Huang Jizhong,Zhang Junfang.Influence of airborne particles on the stone sculptures of Yungang Grottoes[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2004,16(1):1~7.(in Chinese)
[16]黄继中.云冈石窟主要病害及治理[J].雁北师范学院学报,2003,19(5):57~59.Huang Jizhong.Main damages and preservation of the Yungang Crottoes[J].Journal of Yanbei Normal University,2003,19(5):57~59.(in Chinese)
[17]雷宏刚,魏旺栓.平遥古城墙安全性分析与加固技术研究[D].山西:太原理工大学,2006.Lei Honggang,Wei Wangshuan.The safety analysis and reinforcing technique research on pingyao old city-wall[D].Shanxi:Taiyuan University of Technology,2006.(in Chinese)
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