北天山泥火山对2012年6月30日新源-和静M_S6.6地震的响应
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摘要
2012年6月30日新源-和静MS6.6地震前后,北天山泥火山出现了喷溢和地球化学异常变化.该地震前、后4天内两次观测了北天山泥火山,采集了两批温泉和泥火山气体样品,测定了样品的气体组分和He、Ne同位素及CH4、CO2的碳同位素组成.结果表明,泥火山发生了同震喷发,气体排放量增加,温泉和泥火山气体出现了不同程度的微量气体浓度异常,独山子泥火山震前出现了3 He/4 He高值异常.研究结果有利于确定利用泥火山和温泉监测地震活动的方法和指标.
Eruption and geochemical anomalies of mud volcanoes in the North Tianshan were found before and after the 30June 2012Xinyuan-Hejing MS6.6earthquake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang),northwestern China.The mud volcanoes in the Northern Tianshan were surveyed,and the gas samples from the hot springs and mud volcanoes were collected twice in four days before and after the earthquake.Concentrations of gaseous components and isotopic compositions of CH4,CO2and He,Ne were measured.The data indicated that the mud volcanoes coseismically erupted,amount of gas emissions increased,and anomalies of trace gas concentrations appeared in the hot springs and mud volcanoes in different levels.High-value anomaly of 3 He/4 He in the Dushanzi mud volcano occurred before the earthquake.Results are favorable to selecting the indicators for monitoring seismic activities in the study area by using hot springs and mud volcanoes.
Eruption and geochemical anomalies of mud volcanoes in the North Tianshan were found before and after the 30June 2012Xinyuan-Hejing MS6.6earthquake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang),northwestern China.The mud volcanoes in the Northern Tianshan were surveyed,and the gas samples from the hot springs and mud volcanoes were collected twice in four days before and after the earthquake.Concentrations of gaseous components and isotopic compositions of CH4,CO2and He,Ne were measured.The data indicated that the mud volcanoes coseismically erupted,amount of gas emissions increased,and anomalies of trace gas concentrations appeared in the hot springs and mud volcanoes in different levels.High-value anomaly of 3 He/4 He in the Dushanzi mud volcano occurred before the earthquake.Results are favorable to selecting the indicators for monitoring seismic activities in the study area by using hot springs and mud volcanoes.
引文
戴金星,吴小奇,倪云燕,汪泽成,赵长毅,王兆云,刘桂侠.2012.准噶尔盆地南缘泥火山天然气的地球化学特征[J].中国科学:地球科学,42(2):178--190.
高小其,王海涛,高国英,高歌,王中道,陆明勇,桑丽荣,杨晓芳,郭卫英,许秋龙.2008.霍尔果斯泥火山活动与新疆地区中强以上地震活动关系的初步研究[J].地震地质,30(2):464--472.
李锰,王道,李茂伟,戴晓敏.1996.新疆独山子泥火山喷发特征的研究[J].内陆地震,10(4):359--362.
漆家福,陈书平,杨桥,于福生.2008.准噶尔—北天山盆山过渡带构造基本特征[J].石油与天然气地质,29(2):252--260.
汪一鹏,沈军.2000.天山北麓活动构造基本特征[J].新疆地质,18(3):204--211.
王道.2000.新疆北天山地区泥火山与地震[J].内陆地震,14(4):350--353.
徐永昌.1994.天然气成因理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社:1--413.
叶先仁,吴茂炳,孙明良.2001.岩矿样品中稀有气体同位素组成的质谱分析[J].岩矿测试,20(3):174--178.
左国朝,张作衡,王志良,刘敏,王龙.2008.新疆西天山地区构造单元划分、地层系统及其构造演化[J].地质论评,54(6):748--767.
Bonini M.2009.Mud volcano eruptions and earthquakes in the Northern Apennines and Sicily,Italy[J].Tectonophys,474 (3/4):723--735.
Bonini M,Mazzarini F.2010.Mud volcanoes as potential indicators of regional stress and pressurized layer depth[J].Tectonophys,494(1/2):32--47.
Chao H C,You C F,Sun C H.2010.Gases in Taiwan mud volcanoes:Chemical composition,methane carbon isotopes,and gas fluxes[J].Applied Geochem,25(3):428--436.
Chaudhuri H,Ghose D,Bhandari R K,Sen P,Sinha B.2012.A geochemical approach to earthquake reconnaissance at the Baratang mud volcano,Andaman and Nicobar Islands[J].J Asian Earth Sci,46:52--60.
Du J,Cheng W,Zhang Y,Jie C,Guan Z,Liu W,Bai L.2006.Helium and crbon isotopic compositions of thermal springs in earthquake zone of Sichuan,Southwestern China[J].J Asia Earth Sci,26(5):533--539.
Du J,Si X,Chen Y,Fu H,Jian C,Guan Z.2008.Geochemical anomalies connected with great earthquakes in China[M]∥Stefánssoned.Geochemistry Research Advances.New York:Nova Science Publishers,Inc:57--92.
Fu B H,Zheng G D,Ninomiya Y,Wang C Y,Sun G.2007.Mapping hydrocarbon-induced mineralogical alterations in the northern Tian Shan using ASTER multispectral data[J].Terra Nova,19(4):225--231.
Heinicke J,Italiano F,Lapenna V,Martinelli G,Nuccio P M.2000.Coseismic geochemical variations in some gas emissions(Central Italy)[J].Phys Chem Earth(A),25(3):289--293.
Jiang G J,Angelier J,Lee J C,Chu H T,Hu J C.2011.Faulting and mud volcano eruptions inside of the coastal range during the 2003 MW=6.8Chengkung earthquake in Eastern Taiwan[J].Terr Atmos Ocean Sci,22(5):463--473.
King C Y.1986.Gas geochemistry applied to earthquake prediction:An overview[J].JG eophys Res,91(B12):12269--12281.
Kopf A,Deyhle A,Lavrushin V Y,Polyak B G,Gieskes J M,Buachidze G I,Wallmann K,Eisenhauer A.2003.Isotopic evidence(He,B,C)for deep fluid and mud mobilization from mud volcanoes in the Caucasus continental collision zone[J].Int J Earth Sci(Geol Rundsch),92(3):407--425.
Lavrushin V Y,Polyak B G,Pokrovskii B G,Kopp M L,Buachidze G I,Kamenskii I L.2009.Isotopic-geochemical peculiarities of gases in mud volcanoes of Eastern Geor’gia[J].Lithol Miner Resour,44(2):183--197.
Manga M,Brumm M,Rudolph M L.2009.Earthquake triggering of mud volcanoes[J].Marine Petrol Geol,26(9):1785--1798.
Mazzini A,Etiope G,Svensen H.2012.A new hydrothermal scenario for the 2006Lusi eruption,Indonesia.Insights from gas geochemistry[J].Earth Planet Sci Let,317/318:305--318.
Mellors R,Kilb D,Aliyev A,Gasanov A,Yetirmishli G.2007.Correlations between earthquakes and large mud volcano eruptions[J].J Geophys Res,112(B4),B04304,doi:10.1029/2006JB004489.
Nakada R,Takahashi Y,Tsunogai U,Zheng G D,Shimizu H,Hattori K H.2011.A geochemical study on mud volcanoes in the Junggar Basin,China[J].Appl Geochem,26(7):1065--1076.
Rudolph M L,Manga M.2010.Mud volcano response to the 4April 2010El Mayor-ucapah earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,115(B12),B12211,doi:10.1029/2010JB007737.
Rudolph M L,Karlstrom L,Manga M.2011.A prediction of the longevity of the Lusi mud eruption,Indonesia[J].Earth Planet Sci Let,308(1/2):124--130.
RukaviˇckováL,Hanl P.2008.Mud volcanoes in the Khar Argalantyn Nuruu,NW Gobi Altay,Mongolia as manifestation of recent seismic activity[J].J Geosci,53:181--191.
Tsunogai U,Maegawa K,Sato S,Komatsu D D,Nakagawa F,Toki T,Ashi J.2012.Coseimic massive methane release from a submarine mud volcano[J].Earth Planet Sci Let,341/344:79--85.
Yang T F,Walia V,Chyi L L,Fu C C,Chen C H,Liu T K,Song S R,Lee C Y,Lee M.2005.Variations of soil radon and thoron concentrations in a fault zone and prospective earthquakes in SW Taiwan[J].Radiat Meas,40(2/6):496--502.
Yang T F,Fu C C,Walia V,Chen C H,Chyi L L,Liu T K,Song S R,Lee M,Lin C W,Lin C C.2006.Seismo-geochemical variations in SW Taiwan:Multi-parameter automatic gas monitoring results[J].Pure Appl Geophys,163(4):693--709.
Zheng G,Fu B,Takahashi Y,Kuno A,Matsuo M,Zhang J.2010a.Chemical speciation of redox sensitive elements during hydrocarbon leaching in the Junggar Basin,Northwest China[J].J Asia Earth Sci,39(6):713--723.
Zheng G,Fu B,Kuno A,Matsuo M.2010b.Iron speciation in bleached rocks by hydrocarbon leaching in Dushanzi Mud Volcano,NW China[J].J Physics:Conference Series,217(1):012048,doi:10.1088/1742-6596/217/1/012048.
高小其,王海涛,高国英,高歌,王中道,陆明勇,桑丽荣,杨晓芳,郭卫英,许秋龙.2008.霍尔果斯泥火山活动与新疆地区中强以上地震活动关系的初步研究[J].地震地质,30(2):464--472.
李锰,王道,李茂伟,戴晓敏.1996.新疆独山子泥火山喷发特征的研究[J].内陆地震,10(4):359--362.
漆家福,陈书平,杨桥,于福生.2008.准噶尔—北天山盆山过渡带构造基本特征[J].石油与天然气地质,29(2):252--260.
汪一鹏,沈军.2000.天山北麓活动构造基本特征[J].新疆地质,18(3):204--211.
王道.2000.新疆北天山地区泥火山与地震[J].内陆地震,14(4):350--353.
徐永昌.1994.天然气成因理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社:1--413.
叶先仁,吴茂炳,孙明良.2001.岩矿样品中稀有气体同位素组成的质谱分析[J].岩矿测试,20(3):174--178.
左国朝,张作衡,王志良,刘敏,王龙.2008.新疆西天山地区构造单元划分、地层系统及其构造演化[J].地质论评,54(6):748--767.
Bonini M.2009.Mud volcano eruptions and earthquakes in the Northern Apennines and Sicily,Italy[J].Tectonophys,474 (3/4):723--735.
Bonini M,Mazzarini F.2010.Mud volcanoes as potential indicators of regional stress and pressurized layer depth[J].Tectonophys,494(1/2):32--47.
Chao H C,You C F,Sun C H.2010.Gases in Taiwan mud volcanoes:Chemical composition,methane carbon isotopes,and gas fluxes[J].Applied Geochem,25(3):428--436.
Chaudhuri H,Ghose D,Bhandari R K,Sen P,Sinha B.2012.A geochemical approach to earthquake reconnaissance at the Baratang mud volcano,Andaman and Nicobar Islands[J].J Asian Earth Sci,46:52--60.
Du J,Cheng W,Zhang Y,Jie C,Guan Z,Liu W,Bai L.2006.Helium and crbon isotopic compositions of thermal springs in earthquake zone of Sichuan,Southwestern China[J].J Asia Earth Sci,26(5):533--539.
Du J,Si X,Chen Y,Fu H,Jian C,Guan Z.2008.Geochemical anomalies connected with great earthquakes in China[M]∥Stefánssoned.Geochemistry Research Advances.New York:Nova Science Publishers,Inc:57--92.
Fu B H,Zheng G D,Ninomiya Y,Wang C Y,Sun G.2007.Mapping hydrocarbon-induced mineralogical alterations in the northern Tian Shan using ASTER multispectral data[J].Terra Nova,19(4):225--231.
Heinicke J,Italiano F,Lapenna V,Martinelli G,Nuccio P M.2000.Coseismic geochemical variations in some gas emissions(Central Italy)[J].Phys Chem Earth(A),25(3):289--293.
Jiang G J,Angelier J,Lee J C,Chu H T,Hu J C.2011.Faulting and mud volcano eruptions inside of the coastal range during the 2003 MW=6.8Chengkung earthquake in Eastern Taiwan[J].Terr Atmos Ocean Sci,22(5):463--473.
King C Y.1986.Gas geochemistry applied to earthquake prediction:An overview[J].JG eophys Res,91(B12):12269--12281.
Kopf A,Deyhle A,Lavrushin V Y,Polyak B G,Gieskes J M,Buachidze G I,Wallmann K,Eisenhauer A.2003.Isotopic evidence(He,B,C)for deep fluid and mud mobilization from mud volcanoes in the Caucasus continental collision zone[J].Int J Earth Sci(Geol Rundsch),92(3):407--425.
Lavrushin V Y,Polyak B G,Pokrovskii B G,Kopp M L,Buachidze G I,Kamenskii I L.2009.Isotopic-geochemical peculiarities of gases in mud volcanoes of Eastern Geor’gia[J].Lithol Miner Resour,44(2):183--197.
Manga M,Brumm M,Rudolph M L.2009.Earthquake triggering of mud volcanoes[J].Marine Petrol Geol,26(9):1785--1798.
Mazzini A,Etiope G,Svensen H.2012.A new hydrothermal scenario for the 2006Lusi eruption,Indonesia.Insights from gas geochemistry[J].Earth Planet Sci Let,317/318:305--318.
Mellors R,Kilb D,Aliyev A,Gasanov A,Yetirmishli G.2007.Correlations between earthquakes and large mud volcano eruptions[J].J Geophys Res,112(B4),B04304,doi:10.1029/2006JB004489.
Nakada R,Takahashi Y,Tsunogai U,Zheng G D,Shimizu H,Hattori K H.2011.A geochemical study on mud volcanoes in the Junggar Basin,China[J].Appl Geochem,26(7):1065--1076.
Rudolph M L,Manga M.2010.Mud volcano response to the 4April 2010El Mayor-ucapah earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,115(B12),B12211,doi:10.1029/2010JB007737.
Rudolph M L,Karlstrom L,Manga M.2011.A prediction of the longevity of the Lusi mud eruption,Indonesia[J].Earth Planet Sci Let,308(1/2):124--130.
RukaviˇckováL,Hanl P.2008.Mud volcanoes in the Khar Argalantyn Nuruu,NW Gobi Altay,Mongolia as manifestation of recent seismic activity[J].J Geosci,53:181--191.
Tsunogai U,Maegawa K,Sato S,Komatsu D D,Nakagawa F,Toki T,Ashi J.2012.Coseimic massive methane release from a submarine mud volcano[J].Earth Planet Sci Let,341/344:79--85.
Yang T F,Walia V,Chyi L L,Fu C C,Chen C H,Liu T K,Song S R,Lee C Y,Lee M.2005.Variations of soil radon and thoron concentrations in a fault zone and prospective earthquakes in SW Taiwan[J].Radiat Meas,40(2/6):496--502.
Yang T F,Fu C C,Walia V,Chen C H,Chyi L L,Liu T K,Song S R,Lee M,Lin C W,Lin C C.2006.Seismo-geochemical variations in SW Taiwan:Multi-parameter automatic gas monitoring results[J].Pure Appl Geophys,163(4):693--709.
Zheng G,Fu B,Takahashi Y,Kuno A,Matsuo M,Zhang J.2010a.Chemical speciation of redox sensitive elements during hydrocarbon leaching in the Junggar Basin,Northwest China[J].J Asia Earth Sci,39(6):713--723.
Zheng G,Fu B,Kuno A,Matsuo M.2010b.Iron speciation in bleached rocks by hydrocarbon leaching in Dushanzi Mud Volcano,NW China[J].J Physics:Conference Series,217(1):012048,doi:10.1088/1742-6596/217/1/012048.
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